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Classifying Igneous Sedimentary MetamorphicRock

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What are rocks made of?

Minerals and other materials.

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The size, shape, & pattern of rock grains

is called what?

Texture.

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A rock like Pumice has many holes in it and can be described as _______. How does

this affect its density?

Porous. This makes the rock

less dense and able to float in water.

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What is the texture of a rock with visible, large

grains?Small grains, easier to see with a hand lens?

1. Coarse-grained2. Fine-grained

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How can a rock have no grains?

Give an example.

If rock cools very quickly, large crystals will not form, resulting in smooth, glassy

texture. Ex: Obsidian.Final

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How are Igneous rocks classified?

1. Origin2. Texture3. Mineral Composition

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What are the 2 origins an Igneous rock can have,

and where are they?

Intrusive & Extrusive; inside the crust and on

the surface.

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An Igneous rock texture that has widely varying

sizes of crystals.

Porphyritic.

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What compound changes the color of rock?

How does the color change when the amount of compound

increases / decreases?

Silica - more Silica gives a lighter color. Less Silica

gives a darker color.

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Describe the texture of each sample:

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1. Fine-grained2. Porphyritic3. Coarse-grained4. No crystals

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What are the 3 types of Sedimentary

rocks?

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1. Clastic2. Organic3. Chemical

What is sediment and how is it created?

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Sediment: pieces of material from rock or living things. Created by weathering.

What are the 2 types of weathering? Give 2 examples of each.

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Mechanical / Physical1.Abrasion2.Plants3.Animals4.Freezing / Thawing

Chemical1.Water2.Acid Rain3.Carbon Dioxide (CO2)4.Oxygen (Rust)

Describe the differences between Clastic, Organic,

& Chemical rock.

•ClasticClastic: formed mainly through compaction•OrganicOrganic: contains remains of once living creatures•ChemicalChemical: forms from solution - evaporation

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List and describe the 5 steps that form

Sedimentary rocks.

1. WeatheringWeathering: breaking rocks down into sediment

2. ErosionErosion: carrying sediments by wind or water

3. DepositionDeposition: when sediment is “dropped off”4. CompactionCompaction: layers of rock pressing

together5. CementationCementation: solution crystallizes, gluing

sediment together

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What are the 2 driving forces of Metamorphism?

Heat & Pressure

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True or False: Continental crust is made mostly of

gneiss and the oceanic crust is made mainly from schist.If false, how would you make this If false, how would you make this

statement true?statement true?

False: continental crust is made of Granite & oceanic crust is made

from Basalt.

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What are the Metamorphic forms of Limestone, Shale, &

Granite?

1. Marble2. Slate3. Schist / Gneiss

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What are the 2 classifications of metamorphic rocks?

Describe them.

Foliated & Non-foliated. Foliated has grains arranged in layers. Non-foliated has grains

that are randomly placed.

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What are 5 things that are most likely to

change when a rock becomes Metamorphic?

1. Appearance2. Texture3. Crystal structure4. Mineral composition5. Density

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What is the Rock Cycle?

An ongoing process at & beneath the surface that is constantly building and

destroying rocks of all types.

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True or False: the rock cycle only operates in one

direction. Explain.

False: rocks can move along the rock cycle in any direction if the environment permits.

Uplift can expose Igneous, Metamorphic or Sedimentary rocks at any time, and all rocks

can be buried further under the surface.

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What major type of rock would most likely have fossils? Why would the other types of rock not

have fossils?

Sedimentary rocks. Igneous rocks come from molten material, so the

fossils would be destroyed. Metamorphic rocks might contain

fossils, but are less likely to.

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Describe 2 ways an Igneous rock can become

a Metamorphic rock.

•Can be ExtrusiveExtrusive, gets weathered, compacted into Sedimentary rock, then buried deeper and metamorphose.•Can be IntrusiveIntrusive, remain buried, then undergo metamorphism.

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Describe a texture associated with each major type of rock.

1. Igneous is notable for Porphyritic texture (large & small crystals)

2. Sedimentary rock like limestone is rich with fossils

3. Metamorphic rock often has layers

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Fill in the missing steps.

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