rock and mineral review. cleavage cleavage and fracture are minerals properties that describe the...
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Rock and Mineral
Review
CleavageCleavage and Fracture are minerals properties that describe the way a mineral breaks when stressed. Cleavage describes the way a mineral breaks along its plane of weakness. These planes of weakness can be described as where the atomic bonding between atoms in the crystal structure is weak at those points causing the mineral break when stressed much like a stack of papers when drop will spread off in individual sheets.
FractureFracture is a mineral property where the atomic bonding between atoms in the crystal structure is perfect with no weakness. When these minerals are stressed they shatter making no two pieces truly the same.
Moh’s Hardness Scale
GalenaCleavage = Cubic
Solubility = NoneHardness = 2 – 2.5
Color = Silver Gray/Black
Magnetism= NoneStreak = Gray
Luster = Metallic
Other Characteristics = Has same chemical formula as Pyrite,Heavy for its size (Dense), Ore of Lead, Brittle.
MagnetiteCleavage = None
Solubility = NoneHardness = 5.5-6.5
Color = Black to Gray
Magnetism= YES!Streak = Black
Luster = nonmetallic
Other Characteristics = Fe3O4, Ore of Iron.
QuartzCleavage = None
Solubility = HCLHardness = 7
Color = Colorless/White
Magnetism= NoneStreak = White
Luster = Vitreous
Other Characteristics = Melted to help clocks keep time
SulfurCleavage = None
Solubility = NoneHardness = 2
Color = Yellow
Magnetism= NoneStreak = Yellow
Luster = Dull
Other Characteristics = Smells like rotten eggs, Melts easily.
GraphiteCleavage = Perfect basal
Solubility = NoneHardness = 1 – 2
Color = Gray to Black
Magnetism= NoneStreak = Gray to Black
Luster = Sub metallic
Other Characteristics = Used in pencils (Not lead), Feels greasy.
FeldsparCleavage = 2 directionsFracture = Uneven
Solubility = NoneHardness = 6
Color = Pink/White
Magnetism= NoneStreak = White
Luster = Pearly
Other Characteristics = The pink hue is granite.
TalcCleavage = One DirectionFracture = Uneven
Solubility = NoneHardness = 1
Color = White to Green
Magnetism= NoneStreak = White
Luster = Pearly/Greasy
Other Characteristics = Feels soapy, Used to make talcum powder, easy to sculpt.
PyriteCleavage = None
Solubility = NoneHardness = 6 – 6.5
Color = Brassy Yellow
Magnetism= NoneStreak = Greenish Black
Luster = Metallic
Other Characteristics = AKA Fools Gold, Ore of Sulfur.
GypsumCleavage = One Direction
Solubility = NoneHardness = 2
Color = White to Colorless
Magnetism= NoneStreak = White
Luster = Vitreous to Pearly
Other Characteristics = Used to make drywall.
HematiteCleavage = None
Solubility = NoneHardness = 5 – 6
Color = Steel to Silver Gray
Magnetism= None
Streak = Blood Red to Brown Red
Luster = Sub metallic
Other Characteristics = Ore of Iron, Used to make Steel.
CalciteCleavage = 3 Directions
Solubility = Bubbles CO2
Hardness = 3
Color = Variable Colorless to White
Magnetism= NoneStreak = White
Luster = Vitreous
Other Characteristics = Used for making cement.
GraniteFracture/Cleavage = Irregular
Solubility = NoneHardness = 5 – 7
Color = Varies
Magnetism= NoneStreak = Colorless to White*
Luster = Dull
Other Characteristics = Intrusive Igneous Rock.
MicaCleavage = One Plane
Solubility = NoneHardness = 2 – 3
Color = White, Gray, Silver white, Brownish white, Greenish white
Magnetism= NoneStreak = Gray
Luster = Vitreous
Other Characteristics = Electrical insulator.
CorundumCleavage = None
Solubility = NoneHardness = 9
Color = Variable
Magnetism= NoneStreak = None - White
Luster = Vitreous
Other Characteristics = Scratch anything, but diamonds, Rubys,Blue equals Sapphire, Insoluble.
LimestoneCleavage = One
Solubility = YesHardness = 3
Color = Light
Magnetism= NoneStreak = None
Luster = Dull
Other Characteristics = “Chemical” Sedimentary.
MarbleFracture
Solubility = YesHardness = 3
Color = Light
Magnetism= NoneStreak = None
Luster = Pearly
Other Characteristics = Metamorphic, Parent rock is Limestone or Dolostone