rob verheem the netherlands eia commission
DESCRIPTION
Basic Dutch SEA approach SEA to safeguard ‘good governance’: To involve all relevant stakeholders To make planning transparent To have the best information possible SEA improves both planning process ánd the information used in this processTRANSCRIPT
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Dutch SEA case studiesRob Verheem
The Netherlands EIA Commission
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Basic Dutch SEA approach
SEA to safeguard ‘good governance’: To involve all relevant stakeholders To make planning transparent To have the best information possible
SEA improves both planning process ánd the information used in this process
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SEA improves the planning process
SEA is not a separate process
Requirement
Requirement
Requirement
Requirement
Requirement
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Main requirements in Dutch SEAParticipation requirements: All stakeholders involved in both scoping & reviewing
Transparency requirements: Start of the plan process is published Alternatives are compared in the SEA report Decisions are motivated in the final plan
Information requirements: Independent quality control in scoping & reviewing Monitoring and evaluation mandatory
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SEA in the planning process
Early publication
Participation/advice on scope of the SEA report
SEA report compares alternatives
Participation/advice on quality of the SEA report
Written motivation of the plan
Monitoring and Evaluation
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West Netherlands Spatial Plan
Objective of plan:
To stimulate economic development
Four cities molded into one metropolitan area
Through infrastructure and urban development
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Existing situation
valuable landscape
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Main elements of the planTo make choices in:
Type and location of new high speed railway system between cities
Location of new urban and industrial areas
Location of new ‘green’ and ‘water’ areas
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Purpose of SEA
To show range of potential options
Integrated assessment of options: environmental, social, economic
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AlternativesDeveloped in three steps:
First: design of green & water areas
Then: design of infrastructure
Finally: design of housing & industry area
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Existing situation
valuable landscape
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Alternative 1
Train
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Alternative 1
New urban area
Train
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Alternative 2
Train
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Alternative 3
Train
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Alternative 4
Monorail
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Alternative 4
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Alternative 5
Monorail
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MethodologyStep 1: identification of issues to examine
Spatial diversity Economic & social efficiency Cultural diversity Social justice Sustainability Attractiveness & human scale Flexibility & robustness Costs & transport effects
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IndicatorsStep 2: appropriate indicators for each issue
Extracted from existing policies
Complemented by: Indicators suggested by NGOs Indicators from expert judgment
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Example: indicators for spatial quality
Amount of urban and rural areas Surface area open landscape Surface area valuable landscape Surface area historical valuable area Green belts between urban areas
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Methods for impact assessment
Most effects: GIS
Some social impacts: transport models
Economic impacts: monetarisation
Expert workshops on methods & results
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Methods for comparison of alternativesNot one, but multiple methods were used:
Quantitative score per indicator Ranking per indicator Matrix: ‘best’ & ‘worst’ model per indicat. Contribution to policy objectives Economic cost benefit analysis Qualitative discussion end results
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Methods for public participation
Information meetings Discussion meetings Written comments Web site
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Quality reviewIndependent EIA Commission concluded:
Positive: good SEA in short time
Negative: no alternatives for: green and water area regional transport alternative
Neutral: social & economic assessment not (yet) good enough
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Results of the SEA Alternative 1: good for environment, but
inflexible and costly
Alternative 4: bad at almost all points
Alternative 3: best one overall
All alternatives: costs higher than benefits
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Final decision
Government decided for alternative 3
However, with a modified transport option to improve cost benefit ratio:
High speed train between major cities Metro between medium sized cities Bus and light rail for small towns
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Lessons learned Overall: methodology & information
useful
Time & cost effective because of previous SEA
Assessment could have been less quantitative
SEA started too late
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Case: 2002 waste management plan To set ‘minimum standards’ for waste
processing
Standard = minimum environmental performance for processing techniques
For 26 waste streams
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Purpose and context of SEA
To compare environmental performance of alternative processing techniques
Attracted much interest from civil society
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Methodology for impact analysis Life Cycle Analysis
Advantages: standardized technique Use of computer model All effects from production to disposal Includes positive effects of re-use
Disadvantage: high data demand
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LCA: environmental themes Climate change Acidification Eutrophication Toxicity Use of resources Use of space Biodiversity
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Weighting to reflect policy prioritiesFour weight sets were applied:
All effects equally important Contribution to policy objectives most
important Climate change most important Toxicity most important
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Methodology for public participation
All major national NGOs: Round tables on alternatives & impacts
Selected national NGOs: Continuous sounding board
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Methodology for public participation
Local NGOs and local governments: Actively invited to send comments In both scoping and reviewing stage
Private citizens: Written comments during scoping and
reviewing
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Methodology for public participationMethods applied:
Discussion groups in early stage Sounding boards throughout process Technical expert workshops Information meetings for general public Mass media and information bulletin
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Results of public participation
High response national NGOs: alternatives
Increased focus on new alternative: separation
High response local groups: local issues
Low response by private citizens
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Lessons learned LCA useful, but not in all cases
Extensive public participation useful: Led to broad acceptance of plan Increased ‘holistic’ approach by NGOs
Public should also be involved in stating assumptions
SEA made EIA easier to do: Methodology developed Alternatives compared