roadmap to sustainable mobility - nordic public...
TRANSCRIPT
Inform Norden & Nordisk Lokaltraffikk OSLO 2014
Chris Verweijen, Movares
Roadmap to
sustainable
mobility
Bridging
the gap!
And who am I?
● RET: Public Transport City of Rotterdam:
Network planning & New fast tramway network
Strategic planning
● Movares: Strategic projects on:
Public transport planning
Light Transit & Mobility network
Sustainable mobility
Chris!
Og tusen takk for invitasjonen! Och tack så mycket för inbjudan!
Ja kiitos paljon kutsusta! Og mange tak for invitationen!
Og þakka þér kærlega fyrir boðið!
Movares - a short description
Movares:
• Until 1995 EB Dutch Railways – now independent engineering
consulting firm (about 1300 employees)
• A lot of projects are still rail-based
(High speed line to Belgium, Rail Freight corridor to Germany)
• But now also all other forms of infrastructure, mobility and
sustainability, from the very first idea up until realization
• Movares is certified ISO14001 (sustainable organization)
The sustainable bus is HOT!!
What will you hear?
What is sustainability?
Overview Classification
Details of some categories
Overall view possibilities
Trends
Conclusions
Steps to a sustainable future
Sustainability Classification Details Overall view Trends Conclusions
What is sustainability?
● There are at least 150 different definitions of sustainability we won’t solve that today!
● What is important for you on this moment in sustainability! Factors may be:
o CO2 transition (W-W or T-W)
o Emissions: NOx; SOx en CH & PM score (W-W or T-W)
o Noise (reduction)
o Disturbed view
o Use of toxic substances (Batteries!)
o Use of natural resources ; Cradle to Cradle & re - use of materials
Sustainability Classification Details Overall view Trends Conclusions
What is sustainability?
● There are at least 150 different definitions of sustainability we won’t solve that today!
● What is important for you on this moment in sustainability! Factors may be:
o CO2 transition (W-W or T-W)
o Emissions: NOx; SOx en CH & PM score (W-W or T-W)
o Noise (reduction)
o Disturbed view
o Use of toxic substances (Batteries!)
o Use of natural resources ; Cradle to Cradle & re - use of materials
Sustainability Classification Details Overall view Trends Conclusions
What is sustainability?
Once you know your point of interest, you will be confronted with questions such as..
● How reliable are possible solutions ?
● What are the expected future developments?
● AND : does it pay back (in money . . .) ??
Classifying your ambitions:
In the next slides I show you the Movares Classification of the possibilities (4 categories) to bridge the gap to sustainability
How to chose your roadmap
Sustainability Classification Details Overall view Trends Conclusions
First category: just going on – but more sustainable
potential possibilities: Euro 6 – biogas /CNG – biofuel bus – lightweight bus – GTL etc.
Euro bus
(up to V) Sustainable bus
How to bridge the gap to sustainability? First category: just going on – but more sustainable
Sustainability Classification Details Overall view Trends Conclusions
Alternative fuel/technology: CNG bus ● buses drive on Compressed Natural Gaz ● Local effects CNG (study TU Graz)
only CO emission lower than Euro VI ● Operational costs higher than Diesel Biogas – bus: ● extra: almost CO2 neutral (well to wheel) ● Interesting in combination with Hybrid buses
(Malmö, Bergen).
Bio diesel: ● effect depends on mix percentage
GTL (Gaz to Liquid / Utrecht): ● GLT Euro VI better than Diesel Euro VI but about as
noisy as a normal Diesel
How to bridge the gap to sustainability? First category: just going on – but more sustainable
Sustainability Classification Details Overall view Trends Conclusions
Second category: choose the solution “in between”: - more sustainable than Euro VI (and reliable!)
- and more sustainable than the first category
potential possibilities: Various forms of
hybrid buses
Second Category: “somewhere in – between”
Euro bus
(up to V) Sustainable bus
How to bridge the gap to sustainability?
Sustainability Classification Details Overall view Trends Conclusions
How to bridge the gap to sustainability?
Hybrid bus (Diesel – electric)
● Bus with diesel and electric motor; braking energy is stored as electricity and used
● Two kinds: parallel en serial Serial for short distance city traffic; parallel better for other parts city and region
Effects:
● Average savings in fuel 15-30%
● Purchase costs higher (+ €70.000 for 12m bus)
● Avarage TCO comparable with standard bus
● Proven technology for most manufacturers
Example : Volvo sells only Hybrid buses from now
Second category: somewhere in between – the details
Source: hydrogen bus rapport EU
Sustainability Classification Details Overall view Trends Conclusions
How to bridge the gap to sustainability?
Third category: dial now for a sustainable & silent bus even though some possibilities aren’t not yet fully developed
potential possibilities:
Battery bus, trolleybus & hydrogen fuel cell bus
Third Category: going green - if possible!
Euro bus
(up to V) Sustainable bus
Sustainability Classification Details Overall view Trends Conclusions
How to bridge the gap to sustainability?
Electric (battery) bus / charging in garage
● Local without any emission and a very low noise level
● Much buses from China – in Europe now VDL & Solaris
● Too short range (200 – 250km) for use on longer lines; record in Copenhagen: 325 km on single charge.
● Batteries are very heavy and takes the place of passengers
● High first costs (+ 100.000 €) but low energy costs
Trolleybus
● Local without any emission and a very low noise level
● Number of manufacturers / E-traction Vossloh-Kiepe
● Wire costs a lot of money (construction & maintenance)
● Visual obstruction
● Some new cities in the last few years (Landskrona)
● High purchase costs but long living buses!
Third category: Going Green Now! – the details
Sustainability Classification Details Overall view Trends Conclusions
Hydrogen bus
● Local without any emission and a very low noise level
● Price still very high: 0,9 - 1,5 million €
● TCO still too high
● Very interesting in terms of transition as hydrogen is already present or if it is used as a green storage medium (otherwise possible negative return)
● Some points of attention: o H2 Doesn't exist in natural form; production gives a
negative efficiency ; but interesting in combination with green electricity.
o Difficult to compress
o dissolves in metal - special tanks needed,
o Highly flammable
● Very interesting for the future !
Source: study hydrogen bus EU
How to bridge the gap to sustainability? Third category: Going Green Now! – the details
Sustainability Classification Details Overall view Trends Conclusions
How to bridge the gap to sustainability?
Fourth Category: choose for a system in which the battery is charged during the working hours of the bus or :
use extenders to extend the range of your bus potential possibilities:
electric (battery) bus or hybrid bus with recharging options
Bus with extender
Fourth category: greening step by step
Euro bus
(up to V) Sustainable bus
Sustainability Classification Details Overall view Trends Conclusions
Greening step by step (Opportunity charging)
● Possible for: hybrid bus, trolleybus of battery bus
● Topic: charging during public service
● Advantage: reduce number of batteries
● Forms of charging:
o Via fixed contact: conductive by stops or on the move using centenary
oWithout fixed contact: inductive by stops or on the move with special inductive road
o Through solar panels (used in southern Europe)
● Interesting : Volvo strategic planning: step by step from hybrid to electric Public Transport
Picture: Hybricon / E-traction Umeå
How to bridge the gap to sustainability? Fourth category: greening step by step
Sustainability Classification Details Overall view Trends Conclusions
Conductive charging
With trolley
● line 90 in Rome (Solaris Trollino); Batteries in centre – overhead wire elsewhere
● Concrete plans in f.e. Leipzig and Osnabrück
How to bridge the gap to sustainability? Fourth category: greening step by step
Sustainability Classification Details Overall view Trends Conclusions
Conductive charging (with battery bus or Hybrid bus)
● Charging at stops with short stretch 2-pole conduct wire;
bus with some kind of pantograph
● Examples:
o Stadtbus Wien (Siemens)
o Gothenburg (2013) & Stockholm (2014): Volvo Plug-in Hybrid
o Umea: now 8 new Hybricon & e-traction buses
o Foothill line 291 Los Angeles USA (Proterra) (with “smoke
stack”) ; record: 700km/day! (April 2014)
o TOSA Geneva
Advantages : • No loss by transferring • Often simple construction • Step by step is simple
Disadvantages • View of the construction • Costs
How to bridge the gap to sustainability? Fourth category: greening step by step
Sustainability Classification Details Overall view Trends Conclusions
Inductive charging (with battery bus of hybrid bus)
● At the stop power is transferred by induction to the vehicle
● Alternative: complete road with induction (Primove system)
● Examples: Volvo/ Bluekens bus ‘s Hertogenbosch (NL); Primove Mannheim & Berlin & Brunswick (D)
Advantages
● No wires in the air
● Easy to make a step by step approach
Disadventages
● Costly
● 5-15 % loss compared to conductive charging
● A Lot of hard to change infrastructure in the ground
How to bridge the gap to sustainability? Fourth category: greening step by step
Sustainability Classification Details Overall view Trends Conclusions
Overview Possibilities
● Euro VI bus ● CNG / Biogas ● New fuels ● Light weight bus
All options with (very indicative) score
Greening step by step
Going green NOW
Somewhere in between
Just going on . . .
● Parallel hybrid bus
● Serial hybrid bus
● Electric bus (with batteries)
● Trolley
● Hydrogen hybrid bus
● (Flywheel & compressed air)
● Plug – in Hybrid bus / Trolley / battery bus
● Conductive & inductive charging
● Battery in trailer
● Battery swapping
score
0-emission -
Reliable
Cost
score
0- em. -
Reliable
Cost
score
0-em. -
Reliable
Cost
score
0-em.
Reliable
Cost
Sustainability Classification Details Overall view Trends Conclusions
Trends
Kortrijk march 2014:
● Gas not in the picture anymore: manufacturers still sell them but no great enthusiasm anymore;
● Hybrids are on the move. A good hybrid now gives a reduction of 15 – 30%
● Hydrogen is still very costly; but manufacturers see opportunities in range-extenders for electric buses
● Manufacturers are more thinking in modularity
● Batteries show an increase in possibilities – but very slowly: normal range of an electric bus won’t be more than 250-300km/day for the foreseeable future
● “Battle” between conductive and inductive charging!
● wheel-hub motors becoming more widespread
● More cities interested in Trolley with charging opportunities
What is interesting in the market now
Sustainability Classification Details Overall view Trends Conclusions
Trends
ZeEUS Project UITP: Demonstrations and experiments Zero Emission Urban bus System
What is interesting in the market now
Sustainability Classification Details Overall view Trends Conclusions
Conclusions
● Find out what sustainability means for you : there is not “one” solution
● Think – if possible – from the (long) future to the present and not the other way around (step – by – step )
● Make a sustainable network planning - an empty bus isn’t sustainable!
● Use (or think of) electricity if you have that in your network
● Choose some bus types that belongs to your aspects and vision
● Make a business case of all the chosen buses (TCO / sustainability)
● If you are not sure: choose always a proven technology (don’t buy 100 protos !)
Roadmap to sustainability
Sustainability Classification Details Overall view Trends Conclusions
Conclusions
● Find out what sustainability means for you : there is not “one” solution
● Think – if possible – from the (long) future to the present and not the other way around (step – by – step )
● Make a sustainable network planning - an empty bus isn’t sustainable!
● Use (or think of) electricity if you have that in your network
● Choose some bus types that belongs to your aspects and vision
● Make a business case of all the chosen buses (TCO / sustainability)
● If you are not sure: choose always a proven technology (don’t buy 100 protos !)
● But try if possible some proto types for a further step to your future: help the industry – they can’t do it (all) alone
but: keep it simple! Otherwise. . .
Proven technology
Sustainability Classification Details Overall view Trends Conclusions
Conclusions
● Find out what sustainability means for you : there is not “one” solution
● Think – if possible – from the (long) future to the present and not the other way around (step – by – step )
● Make a sustainable network planning - an empty bus isn’t sustainable!
● Use (or think of) electricity if you have that in your network
● Choose some bus types that belongs to your aspects and vision
● Make a business case of all the chosen buses (TCO / sustainability)
● If you are not sure: choose always a proven technology (don’t buy 100 protos !)
● But try if possible some proto types for a further step to your future: help the industry – they can’t do it (all) alone
but: keep it simple! Otherwise. . .
Roadmap to sustainability
Sustainability Classification Details Overall view Trends Conclusions
Conclusions
You wont reach the other side !
Sustainability Classification Details Overall view Trends Conclusions
Conclusions
You wont reach the other side ! Questions?
You must have them . . . !
Sustainability Classification Details Overall view Trends Conclusions
If you have any questions:
Just contact me, I will be happy to help you.
Also for planning a new sustainable Light Transit / BRT network
0031-6-53527914