Road safety design standards

and the Asian Highway Network

iRAP Innovation Workshop

Greg Smith (greg.smith@irap.org)

21/09/2016

A World Free of High Risk Roads

A World Free of High Risk Roads

A World Free of High Risk Roads

Road safety in AH Network countries

• Serious crashes tend to be concentrated. Eg 33% of

deaths in India occur on National Highways, which

account for around 3% of roads

• High death rates on some road sections:

– 0.42 deaths /km /year in Bangladesh

– 0.61 deaths /km /year in Indonesia

– 1.9 deaths /km /year in India

• By comparison:

– 0.07 deaths /km /year: highest risk road in the UK

A World Free of High Risk Roads

AH Standard Summary

While developing the Asian Highway network, Parties shall give full

consideration to issues of safety.

A World Free of High Risk Roads

A World Free of High Risk Roads

Proposed RIFsHighway classification PRIMARY CLASS I CLASS II CLASS III

Terrain classification L R M S L R M S L R M S L R M S

PROPOSED ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES (RIF)

DelineationGood line marking (A-1), raised reflectorized pavement markers (A-3) and flexible delineator posts (A-4), and chevron markers on

curves (A-2)

Paved shoulder (m) 3 2.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 0.75

Rumble strips Shoulder rumble strips (C-2) Shoulder rumble strips at curves (C-2)

Sight distance Adequate sight distance (H-7)

RoadsidesClear zone (5-10m) (B-7) or safety barrier (B-1)

with safe end treatment (B-6)

Clear zone (5-10m) (B-7) or safety barrier (B-1) with safe end treatment (B-6) at

curves

Median treatmentMedian safety barrier (B-2) with safe

end treatment (B-6)Island 1-5m wide

Wide

CL (B-

4)

Centreline (rumble strips at curves) (C-2)

Lighting Street lighting (H-2) at intersections, at pedestrian crossings and where bicyclists are present

Intersection protected turn lanes N/A Protected turning pockets at intersections (E-1)

Intersection channelization N/A Islands at intersections to chanelize turning vehicles (E-2)

Roundabout N/A Roundabouts (E-3)

Pedestrian sidewalkSidewalk (D-2) with physical barrier

where pedestrians are presentPaved sidewalk (D-2) where pedestrians are present

Pedestrian crossings Grade separated (D-1) Signalised (D-2) Marked crossing (D-2) with refuge island (D-4)

Bicycle lanesOff-road path (G-1) where bicyclists are

presentMarked on road lanes (G-1) where bicyclists are present Shoulder

Motorcycle lanesExclusive lanes (G-2) where motorcycle

volumes are highNon-exclusive motorcycle lanes (G-3) where motorcycle volumes are high

Traffic calmingVisual traffic calming (F-2) at curves and

and intersections

Visual traffic calming (F-2) and/or speed humps (F-1) at curves, intersections and

pedestrian crossings

A World Free of High Risk Roads

Example: Class IILevel terrain, speed 80km/h, AADT = 10,000 vpd, 1 curve per km, 1 intersection per km

2 stars 3 stars 4 stars1 star

30.92

26.13

21.72

18.76

16.71

11.98

7.26

6.62

5.32

5.08

3.20

Baseline

+ delineation

+ paved shoulder

+ rumble strips

+ sight distance

+ roadside clearzone/barriers

+ median treatment

+ intersection lighting

+ int. protected turn lanes

+ int. chanelization

+ traffic calming

(16%)

(17%)

(14%)

(11%)

(28%)

(39%)

(9%)

(20%)

(5%)

(31%)

Star Rating ScoresRelative risk of death and serious injuryXX.XX – Star Rating Score, (XX%) – Reduction in risk

A World Free of High Risk Roads

Example: Class IILevel terrain, speed 80km/h, AADT = 10,000 vpd, 1 curve per km, 1 intersection per km

2 stars 3 stars 4 stars1 star

30.92

26.13

21.72

18.76

16.71

11.98

7.26

6.62

5.32

5.08

3.20

Baseline

+ delineation

+ paved shoulder

+ rumble strips

+ sight distance

+ roadside clearzone/barriers

+ median treatment

+ intersection lighting

+ int. protected turn lanes

+ int. chanelization

+ traffic calming

(16%)

(17%)

(14%)

(11%)

(28%)

(39%)

(9%)

(20%)

(5%)

(31%)

Star Rating ScoresRelative risk of death and serious injuryXX.XX – Star Rating Score, (XX%) – Reduction in risk

A World Free of High Risk Roads

Example: Class IILevel terrain, speed 80km/h, AADT = 10,000 vpd, 1 curve per km, 1 intersection per km

2 stars 3 stars 4 stars1 star

30.92

26.13

21.72

18.76

16.71

11.98

7.26

6.62

5.32

5.08

3.20

Baseline

+ delineation

+ paved shoulder

+ rumble strips

+ sight distance

+ roadside clearzone/barriers

+ median treatment

+ intersection lighting

+ int. protected turn lanes

+ int. chanelization

+ traffic calming

(16%)

(17%)

(14%)

(11%)

(28%)

(39%)

(9%)

(20%)

(5%)

(31%)

Star Rating ScoresRelative risk of death and serious injuryXX.XX – Star Rating Score, (XX%) – Reduction in risk

A World Free of High Risk Roads

Example: Class IILevel terrain, speed 80km/h, AADT = 10,000 vpd, 1 curve per km, 1 intersection per km

2 stars 3 stars 4 stars1 star

30.92

26.13

21.72

18.76

16.71

11.98

7.26

6.62

5.32

5.08

3.20

Baseline

+ delineation

+ paved shoulder

+ rumble strips

+ sight distance

+ roadside clearzone/barriers

+ median treatment

+ intersection lighting

+ int. protected turn lanes

+ int. chanelization

+ traffic calming

(16%)

(17%)

(14%)

(11%)

(28%)

(39%)

(9%)

(20%)

(5%)

(31%)

Star Rating ScoresRelative risk of death and serious injuryXX.XX – Star Rating Score, (XX%) – Reduction in risk

A World Free of High Risk Roads

Example: Class IILevel terrain, speed 80km/h, AADT = 10,000 vpd, 1 curve per km, 1 intersection per km

2 stars 3 stars 4 stars1 star

30.92

26.13

21.72

18.76

16.71

11.98

7.26

6.62

5.32

5.08

3.20

Baseline

+ delineation

+ paved shoulder

+ rumble strips

+ sight distance

+ roadside clearzone/barriers

+ median treatment

+ intersection lighting

+ int. protected turn lanes

+ int. chanelization

+ traffic calming

(16%)

(17%)

(14%)

(11%)

(28%)

(39%)

(9%)

(20%)

(5%)

(31%)

Star Rating ScoresRelative risk of death and serious injuryXX.XX – Star Rating Score, (XX%) – Reduction in risk

A World Free of High Risk Roads

Example: Class IILevel terrain, speed 80km/h, AADT = 10,000 vpd, 1 curve per km, 1 intersection per km

2 stars 3 stars 4 stars1 star

30.92

26.13

21.72

18.76

16.71

11.98

7.26

6.62

5.32

5.08

3.20

Baseline

+ delineation

+ paved shoulder

+ rumble strips

+ sight distance

+ roadside clearzone/barriers

+ median treatment

+ intersection lighting

+ int. protected turn lanes

+ int. chanelization

+ traffic calming

(16%)

(17%)

(14%)

(11%)

(28%)

(39%)

(9%)

(20%)

(5%)

(31%)

Star Rating ScoresRelative risk of death and serious injuryXX.XX – Star Rating Score, (XX%) – Reduction in risk

A World Free of High Risk Roads

Example: Class IILevel terrain, speed 80km/h, AADT = 10,000 vpd, 1 curve per km, 1 intersection per km

2 stars 3 stars 4 stars1 star

30.92

26.13

21.72

18.76

16.71

11.98

7.26

6.62

5.32

5.08

3.20

Baseline

+ delineation

+ paved shoulder

+ rumble strips

+ sight distance

+ roadside clearzone/barriers

+ median treatment

+ intersection lighting

+ int. protected turn lanes

+ int. chanelization

+ traffic calming

(16%)

(17%)

(14%)

(11%)

(28%)

(39%)

(9%)

(20%)

(5%)

(31%)

Star Rating ScoresRelative risk of death and serious injuryXX.XX – Star Rating Score, (XX%) – Reduction in risk

A World Free of High Risk Roads

Example: Class IILevel terrain, speed 80km/h, AADT = 10,000 vpd, 1 curve per km, 1 intersection per km

2 stars 3 stars 4 stars1 star

30.92

26.13

21.72

18.76

16.71

11.98

7.26

6.62

5.32

5.08

3.20

Baseline

+ delineation

+ paved shoulder

+ rumble strips

+ sight distance

+ roadside clearzone/barriers

+ median treatment

+ intersection lighting

+ int. protected turn lanes

+ int. chanelization

+ traffic calming

(16%)

(17%)

(14%)

(11%)

(28%)

(39%)

(9%)

(20%)

(5%)

(31%)

Star Rating ScoresRelative risk of death and serious injuryXX.XX – Star Rating Score, (XX%) – Reduction in risk

A World Free of High Risk Roads

Example: Class IILevel terrain, speed 80km/h, AADT = 10,000 vpd, 1 curve per km, 1 intersection per km

2 stars 3 stars 4 stars1 star

30.92

26.13

21.72

18.76

16.71

11.98

7.26

6.62

5.32

5.08

3.20

Baseline

+ delineation

+ paved shoulder

+ rumble strips

+ sight distance

+ roadside clearzone/barriers

+ median treatment

+ intersection lighting

+ int. protected turn lanes

+ int. chanelization

+ traffic calming

(16%)

(17%)

(14%)

(11%)

(28%)

(39%)

(9%)

(20%)

(5%)

(31%)

Star Rating ScoresRelative risk of death and serious injuryXX.XX – Star Rating Score, (XX%) – Reduction in risk

A World Free of High Risk Roads

Example: Class IILevel terrain, speed 80km/h, AADT = 10,000 vpd, 1 curve per km, 1 intersection per km

2 stars 3 stars 4 stars1 star

30.92

26.13

21.72

18.76

16.71

11.98

7.26

6.62

5.32

5.08

3.20

Baseline

+ delineation

+ paved shoulder

+ rumble strips

+ sight distance

+ roadside clearzone/barriers

+ median treatment

+ intersection lighting

+ int. protected turn lanes

+ int. chanelization

+ traffic calming

(16%)

(17%)

(14%)

(11%)

(28%)

(39%)

(9%)

(20%)

(5%)

(31%)

Star Rating ScoresRelative risk of death and serious injuryXX.XX – Star Rating Score, (XX%) – Reduction in risk

A World Free of High Risk Roads

Example: Class IILevel terrain, speed 80km/h, AADT = 10,000 vpd, 1 curve per km, 1 intersection per km

2 stars 3 stars 4 stars1 star

Star Rating ScoresRelative risk of death and serious injuryXX.XX – Star Rating Score, (XX%) – Reduction in risk

30.92

26.13

21.72

18.76

16.71

11.98

7.26

6.62

5.32

5.08

3.20

Baseline

+ delineation

+ paved shoulder

+ rumble strips

+ sight distance

+ roadside clearzone/barriers

+ median treatment

+ intersection lighting

+ int. protected turn lanes

+ int. chanelization

+ traffic calming

(16%)

(17%)

(14%)

(11%)

(28%)

(39%)

(9%)

(20%)

(5%)

(31%)

A World Free of High Risk Roads

Vehicle Occupants Star Rating Scores

2 stars 3 stars 4 stars1 star 5 stars

L = level, R = Rolling, M = Mountainous, S = Steep

Highway classification Primary Class I Class II Class III

Terrain classification L R M S L R M S L R M S L R M S

Baseline 30.92 21.90 8.73 10.46 22.72 14.83 10.62 6.51 10.39 9.39 6.00 3.02

+ delineation 26.13 17.25 6.42 7.53 17.90 10.70 7.41 4.43 8.59 7.16 4.43 2.18

+ paved shoulder 21.72 14.10 5.14 6.00 15.53 9.11 6.56 3.91 7.40 6.06 4.28 2.10

+ rumble strips 18.76 11.99 4.53 5.18 14.71 8.47 5.96 3.50 7.17 5.61 3.86 1.87

+ sight distance 16.71 10.94 4.27 4.92 13.13 7.80 5.57 3.30 6.51 5.23 3.66 1.78

+ roadside clearzone/barriers 11.98 7.57 3.29 3.61 12.42 6.78 4.62 2.64 6.15 4.52 2.98 1.41

+ median treatment 7.26 4.20 1.82 1.88 9.11 4.75 3.06 1.69 4.58 3.11 1.90 0.86

+ intersection lighting 6.62 3.87 1.74 1.80 8.62 4.54 2.94 1.63 4.38 2.99 1.84 0.84

+ int. protected turn lanes 5.32 3.21 1.58 1.64 7.62 4.12 2.70 1.51 3.96 2.75 1.71 0.78

+ int. chanelization 5.08 3.08 1.55 1.61 7.49 4.07 2.67 1.49 3.90 2.72 1.70 0.78

+ traffic calming 4.53 2.80 1.48 1.54 7.06 3.89 2.56 1.44 3.72 2.61 1.64 0.75

+ roundabout (instead of

regular int. and traffic calming) 3.20 2.11 1.31 1.38 5.98 3.43 2.30 1.30 3.27 2.35 1.51 0.70

A World Free of High Risk Roads

Vehicle Occupants Star Rating Scores

2 stars 3 stars 4 stars1 star 5 stars

L = level, R = Rolling, M = Mountainous, S = Steep

Highway classification Primary Class I Class II Class III

Terrain classification L R M S L R M S L R M S L R M S

Baseline 22.72 14.83 10.62 6.51 10.39 9.39 6.00 3.02

+ delineation 17.90 10.70 7.41 4.43 8.59 7.16 4.43 2.18

+ paved shoulder 15.53 9.11 6.56 3.91 7.40 6.06 4.28 2.10

+ rumble strips 14.71 8.47 5.96 3.50 7.17 5.61 3.86 1.87

+ sight distance 13.13 7.80 5.57 3.30 6.51 5.23 3.66 1.78

+ roadside clearzone/barriers 12.42 6.78 4.62 2.64 6.15 4.52 2.98 1.41

+ median treatment 9.11 4.75 3.06 1.69 4.58 3.11 1.90 0.86

+ intersection lighting 8.62 4.54 2.94 1.63 4.38 2.99 1.84 0.84

+ int. protected turn lanes 7.62 4.12 2.70 1.51 3.96 2.75 1.71 0.78

+ int. chanelization 7.49 4.07 2.67 1.49 3.90 2.72 1.70 0.78

+ traffic calming 7.06 3.89 2.56 1.44 3.72 2.61 1.64 0.75

+ roundabout (instead of

regular int. and traffic calming) 5.98 3.43 2.30 1.30 3.27 2.35 1.51 0.70

A World Free of High Risk Roads

Vehicle Occupants Star Rating Scores

2 stars 3 stars 4 stars1 star 5 stars

L = level, R = Rolling, M = Mountainous, S = Steep

Highway classification Primary Class I Class II Class III

Terrain classification L R M S L R M S L R M S L R M S

Baseline 10.39 9.39 6.00 3.02

+ delineation 8.59 7.16 4.43 2.18

+ paved shoulder 7.40 6.06 4.28 2.10

+ rumble strips 7.17 5.61 3.86 1.87

+ sight distance 6.51 5.23 3.66 1.78

+ roadside clearzone/barriers 6.15 4.52 2.98 1.41

+ median treatment 4.58 3.11 1.90 0.86

+ intersection lighting 4.38 2.99 1.84 0.84

+ int. protected turn lanes 3.96 2.75 1.71 0.78

+ int. chanelization 3.90 2.72 1.70 0.78

+ traffic calming 3.72 2.61 1.64 0.75

+ roundabout (instead of

regular int. and traffic calming) 3.27 2.35 1.51 0.70

A World Free of High Risk Roads

Vehicle Occupants Star Rating Scores

2 stars 3 stars 4 stars1 star 5 stars

L = level, R = Rolling, M = Mountainous, S = Steep

Highway classification Primary Class I Class II Class III

Terrain classification L R M S L R M S L R M S L R M S

Baseline

+ delineation

+ paved shoulder

+ rumble strips

+ sight distance

+ roadside clearzone/barriers

+ median treatment

+ intersection lighting

+ int. protected turn lanes

+ int. chanelization

+ traffic calming

+ roundabout (instead of

regular int. and traffic calming)