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ROAD AND BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION
SI-4151 Construction Equipment & Methods
Lecture 14
TSP-308 MPK Ferdinand Fassa
Road Construction
• Design – Geometric (Vertical and Horizontal Alignments)
– Soil
– Pavement Design
• Construction – Earthworks
– Pavement Construction
Road Design (3)
SWELLING & SHRINKING
Material % swell % shrink
Dry, clean sand or gravel +12 ~ +14 -12
Wet, clean sand or gravel +12 ~ +16 -14
Loamy sand +15 ~ +20 -17
Common soil +25 -20
Dense clay +33 ~ +40 -25
• Soil Behavior
Closing • Road constructions are basically unchanged
• Mainly dominated by earthworks
• Modern highways (elevated) are built using other method (other equipment)
• Selection of equipment is critical (characteristic, capacity, combination, productivity, availability)
Bridge Types
• Short to medium span – Concrete (Simple Box-Girder) Bridges
– Concrete Arch Bridges
– Steel Frame Bridges
• Long span – Cable-stayed bridges
– Suspension bridges
– Hybrid bridges (cable-stayed suspension)
Evolution of Long Span Bridges
Development of Bridge Span
Continuous Girder Bridges
Trusses Bridges
Arch Bridges max. 500 m
Cable-stayed Bridges
Suspension Bridges (longer span)
Akashi Kaikyo Bridge (1998):
- mid span : 1990 m
- strength of cable : 1770 Mpa
- diam. of cable : 1,12 m
- 290 hexagonal strands @ 127 cables diam. 5,23 mm
- capacity : 65.000 tones
- total cable length : 600 km
- suspended cable : 560 tones
Cable facts
The development high performance cables aims at:
• high strength cable
• easy installation
• light weight
• high durability (against corrosion)
Cable Bridge Construction Method
(Akhasi Kayko Bridge)
Foundation (off-shore structure)
laying down Caisson method
• underwater excavation
• base foundation works
• transporting & submerging Caisson
• pre-packed concreting
Abutment works (on-shore structure)
• excavation large foundation
• mass concreting
• high workability
Construction of Tower (Pylon)
• cast-in-place concreting
• self climbing form (slip form)
• self climbing crane
• precision
• weather sensitivity
Erection of Cable (Cable Stayed)
• erection of temporary props (rigging method)
• free cantilever w/ progressive placing
• balanced cantilever
• push out method
Cable Bridge Construction Method
(Akhasi Kayko Bridge)
Erection of Cable (Suspension)
• raise catwalk (w/ chopper)
• cross bridge and fix storm ties
• raise tramway ropes
• erect main-cable - air spinning
• install deck unit
• joint deck unit
• cover main cable
Cable Bridge Construction Method
(Akhasi Kayko Bridge)
PROYEK PEMBANGUNAN JALAN TOL CIPULARANG TAHAP II SEKSI IV.2 (JEMBATAN CIKUBANG)
P
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Initial position; launcher truss ready for erection
Launcher truss moves to Pier 1, Pier 2
P
1
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1
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R
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P
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P
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P
1
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PROYEK PEMBANGUNAN JALAN TOL CIPULARANG TAHAP II SEKSI IV.2 (JEMBATAN CIKUBANG)
Girder prepared and launcher retreats
Girder erected by launcher
P
1
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R
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P
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P
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PROYEK PEMBANGUNAN JALAN TOL CIPULARANG TAHAP II SEKSI IV.2 (JEMBATAN CIKUBANG)
Girder approaches Pier1 and Pier 2
Launcher proceed to Pier 1 and Pier 2
P
1
A
1
R
B
R
A
P
2
P
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1
R
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P
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PROYEK PEMBANGUNAN JALAN TOL CIPULARANG TAHAP II SEKSI IV.2 (JEMBATAN CIKUBANG)
Preparation to lower girder at P1 and P2
Lowering girder at P1 and P2
The Management Aspects of Long Span Bridge Construction
• Preparation Works • Pre-fabrication and Assembly • Erection • Construction Control
• Process • Material
• Quality • Precision • Safety • Risk Management
videos and website
• Videos on Bridge Construction are available at Construction Engineering and Management Laboratory
• Information on bridge construction : http://bridgepros.com/