HOMECOMING

Rizal Returned Home from

Abroad___________________

_____

Group III

BATIANCILA, MILLAN, SAMALCA, SUMILE

THEOF RIZAL

DECISION TO RETURN HOME

After five(5) years of sojourn in Europe, he decided to return home to the Philippines.

Paciano, Silvestre Ubaldo (his brother-in-law), Chengoy (Jose M. Cecilio) and other friends warned him not to return home because of the publication of his “Noli Me Tangere” which caused uproar and anger among friars in the Philippines. Rizal did not heed their warning.

RIZAL’S REASON TO RETURN HOME:

To serve his people who had long been

oppressed by Spanish tyrants;

To find out for himself how the Noli Me Tangere and his other writings were affecting Filipinos and Spaniards;

To operate his mother’s eyes;

To inquire why Leonor Rivera

remained silent.

RIZAL’S ROUTE

Rome

Marseille, France

Saigon (Ho Chi Minh), Vietnam

Manila, Philippines

July 3, 1887 – Rizal left Rome by train for Marseilles, a French port and boarded Djemnah.July 30, 1887 – In Saigon, he transferred to another steamer Haiphong.August 2, 1887 – Haiphong left Saigon to ManilaAugust 5, 1887 – The steamer Haiphong finally arrived in Manila.August 8, 1887 – Rizal reached Calamba.

After a dramatic meeting with his parents and family, Rizal immediately had the ground floor of the house turned into a medical clinic. Noticing upon his arrival that his mother could hardly see, she became his first patient.

With his surgical skills acquired from the best eye clinics in Europe he was succesful in operating the defect of his mother’s sightless eyes by removing the double cataracts.

BACKIN TOWN

News started to spread out fast in Calamba about Jose who is now a doctor. Patients began to flock in to seek medical help. His policy with his professional fee was simple:

➜ If the patient is poor, thank you was enough.(some patients insisted bringing him vegetables, fruits or chickens)

➜ However, if the patient is rich, then he would charge in a European manner.

Realizing that he arrived from Germany some people called him as Dr. Uleman. He earned P900 in a few months and P5,000 before he left the Philippines.

DOCTORULEMAN

➜ He painted several beautiful landscapes in Calamba.

➜ He translated German poems of Von Wildernath in Tagalog.

➜ He introduced European sports fencing and shooting to discourage them from cockfighting and gambling.

➜ Needless to say, despite of his accomplishments he never forgot his town mates. Together with friends, he built a simple gymnasium for the young folks. He wanted them to spend time on things with productive use.

IN CALAMBA

Leonor Rivera

– Rizal, during the six months of his vacation in Calamba, tried to visit her in Tarlac but his parents forbade him to go because Leonor’s mother did not like him for a son-in-law & due to parent’s advice that his relationship with Leonor only brought conflicts between his and Leonor’s parents.

SAD MOMENTSWHILE INCALAMBA

Olimpia Mercado-Ubaldo

– While in chaos was surrounding his novel, Rizal was once more devastated by the untimely death of his elder sister, Olimpia. She died due to lingering illness, childbirth. Rizal partly blamed himself for her death, for as a doctor, he should have prevented something like this from happening to his very own family.

THE NOLI ME TANGERE

CONTROVERSY

The storm over the Noli Me

Tangere

A few weeks after his arrival, a storm broke out over his novel as Rizal received a letter From Gov. General Emelio Terrero, ordering him to come to Malacanang for some questioning. Rizal, in response went to Manila and appeared before the Governor.

Realizing that Rizal’s life may be in grave danger, one king governor assigned a bodygourd to him. The bofygourd was a yound spanish lieutenant, Don Jose Taviel de Andrade.

Gov. General Emilio Terrero y Perinat

Jose Taviel de Andrade y Lerdo de Tejada

NOLI IS BANNED

Msgr. Pedro PayoArchbishop of Manila

Fr. Rector Gregorio EchavarriaOf the University of Santo Tomas

Permanent Commission of CensoshipComposed of priest and Laymen

Fr. Salvador FontAgustinian Cura of Tondo

•Base on their assessment the novel contained “subversive ideas against the Church and Spain” and recommended for its banning and circulation in the islands.

•The banning of the Noli Me Tangere served to make it popular.

•The masses supported the book.

The attackers of the NMT included primarily the Catholic Clergy:

• Pedro Payo Archbishop of Manila- who ordered the investigation and recommendation of the

said novel

• Fr. Gregorio Echevarria Rector of University of Santo Tomas- who ordered to study the novel at the UST

• Fray Salvador Font Head of the Permanent Commission of Censorship- filed the report to the government that the Noli, being

injurious to the interest of the colonial governmentand the Catholic clergy, must be immediately banned

• Fr. Jose Rodriguez-who published as a reaction to the NMT a pamphlet entitled

“Caiingat Cayo”. The said pamphlet stated that whoever reads the Noli shall commit a mortal sin.

• The novel was fiercely attacked in the session hall of the Senate of the Spanish Cortes.

Senators: • General Jose de Salamanca• General Luis de Pando• Sr. Fernando Vida

• Vicente Barrantes Spanish Writer- who openly criticized the novel in the spanish newspaper La

España Moderna.

THE ENEMIES FROM

THE CHURCH

Though the enemy may be enormous the defenders were also busy spreading their cause.

• Propagandists such as Marcelo H. del Pilar, Graciano Lopez-Jaena, Antonio Ma. Regidor, Mariano Ponce rushed to uphold the truths of the Noli.

• Marcelo H. del Pilar Dolores Manapat – Penname- published a pamphlet entitled “Caiigat Cayo” as an answer

to Fr. Rodriguez’s “Caiingat Cayo”

• Fr. Francisco Sanchez - also went publicity to defend the novel.

• Don Segismundo Moret - former Minister of the Crown.

• Prof. Miguel Morayta- historian and stateman

• Prof. Ferdinand Blumentritt- Rizal’s best friend

• Rev. Fr. Vicente Garcia Filipino Catholic priest-scholar, a theologian of the Manila Cathedral and a Tagalog translator of the famous Imitation of Christ by Thomas Kempis.

-Under the pen name Justo Desiderio Magalang he wrote a defense of the novel published in Singapore.

RIZAL’S ALLIES

Influenced by the novel, Governor-General Emilio Terrero ordered a government investigation of the friar estates to remedy whatever

inequities might have been present in connection with land taxes and with tenant relations.

One of the friar estates affected was the Calamba hacienda by the Dominican order since 1883.

Upon hearing about the investigation, the people of Calamba asked helped from Rizal to gather facts and list the grievances so that the government

might institute certain agrarian reforms.

AGRARIAN PROBLEM IN

CALAMBA

1.The hacienda of the Dominican Order

comprised not only the lands around Calamba, but the whole town of

Calamba.

2.The profits of the Dominican Order

continually increased because of the arbitrary

increase of he rentals paid by the tenants.

3.The hacienda owner never contributed a single

centavo for the celebration of the town

fiesta, for the education of the children, and for the

improvement of agriculture.

4.Tenants who spent much labor in clearing the lands were dispossessed of the said lands for flimsy

reasons.

5.High rates of interest were arbitrarily charged the tenants for delayed

payment of rentals

6.When the rentals could not be paid, the hacienda management confiscated the work animals, tools, and farm implements of

the tenants.

FINDINGS SUBMITTED BY RIZAL

Rizal visited Lipa before he left for Manila. On the occasion of its conversion to a city, he was invited to become a guest speaker. A poem for Lipa – shortly before Rizal left in 1888, he was asked by a friend to write a poem in commemoration of the town’s cityhood.

Himno Al Trabajo (Hymn To Labor) – title of the poem dedicated to the industrious people of Lipa.

TOLIPA

“I die without seeing dawn's light shining on my country... You, who will see it, welcome it for me...don't forget those who fell during the

nighttime.”─ Jose Rizal

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