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Chapter 22Exile in Dapitan, 1892-96

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Beginning of Exile in DapitanCebu steamer which brought Rizal to Dapitan

Father Pablo Pastells

Father Antonio Obach

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Rizal could live at parish convent on the ff. conditionsThat Rizal publically retract his errors concerning religion and make statements that were clearly pro-Spanish against revolution.

That he perform the church rites and make a general confession of his past life.

That henceforth he conduct himself in an exemplary manner as a Spanish Subject and a man of religion.

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TheHomeof Commandant Carnicero

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Beginning of Exile in DapitanA Don Ricardo Carniceropoem which Rizal wrote for Captain Carnicero on the occasion of captains birthday August 26,1892

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Wins in Manila LotteryButuan mail boat which brought the news about Rizals winning in the lottery

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Lottery Ticket No. 9736P20,000 lottery prize P6,200 of it was givento Rizal P2,000 of his share he gave to his father andP200 to Basa in Hong Kong, the rest heinvested thru purchasing agricultural lands from the coast of Talisay about kilameter away from Dapitan

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Wins in Manila LotteryThree (3) pesetas amount Rizal allotted forlottery tickets every month

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Wins in Manila Lottery

This was his first Vice commented Wenceslao E. Retana, his first Spanish biographer and former enemy

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Rizal Pastells Debate on ReligionThe debate started whenPastells sent Rizal a bookby Sarda along with an advice that Rizal should desist from his majaderas (foolishness) in viewing religion from the perspective of individualjudgement and self-esteem

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The debate can be read in four (4) letters.Rizal was bitter against the friars because they commit abuses under the cloakof religion.Father Pastells tried to bring back to Catholicism Rizal by telling him that human intelligenceis limited, thus he needs the guidance of GodRizal Pastells Debate on Religion

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Behind the debate,Pastells and Rizal were friends as evidently pictured when:1. Pastells gave Rizal a copy ofImitacion deCristo by Fr. Thomas a Kempis

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2. Rizal gave Pastells a bust of St. Paul which he had made Rizal continued to hear mass and celebrate religious events

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Rizal Challenges a Frenchman to a DuelMr. Juan Lardet a French businessman whom Rizal had a conflict

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Rizal and Father SanchezIn his aspiration to reconcile Rizal with theChurch, Father Pastells sent to Dapitan:

1.Father Obach, Cura of Dapitan2.Fr.Jose Vilaclara, Cura ofDipolog3.Fr. Francisco Paula de Sanchez, Rizals favorite teacher at Ateneo de Manila

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Estudios sobre la lengua tagala manuscript which Rizal gave to Sanchez on his birthday (study of the tagalog language)

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Idyllic Life in Dapitan

Among his family members who visited Rizal were:1.His mother2.His sisters Trinidad, Maria and Narcisa3.Nephews Teodosio, Estanislao, Mauricioand Prudencio

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Rizal built a house by the seashore of Talisay surrounded by fruit trees, a school for boys, and a hospital for his patients.Idyllic Life in Dapitan

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Rizals Encounter with the Friars SpyPablo Mercado assumed name of the spy who visited Rizal at his house and pretended to be a relative by showing a photo of Rizal and a pair ofbuttons with the initials P.M. as evidence ofkinship.

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The spy offered to be Rizals courier ofletters forthe patriots in Manila. Rizal became suspicious and wanted to throw the spy outside butconsidering his values and late hour of the night, he offered the spy to spend the night at his house. The next day, he sent the spy awayRizals Encounter with the Friars Spy

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The spy stayed in Dapitan and spread talks among the people that he was a relative to Rizal.Rizal went to the comandancia and reported thei mpostor to Captain Juan Sitges (successor ofCarnicero)Sitges ordered Pablo Mercados arrest and told Anastacio Adriatico to investigate him immediately.Rizals Encounter with the Friars Spy

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Florencio Namanan a.k.a Pablo Mercado, singleand about 30 years old who washired by the Recollect friars to spyon Rizals activitiesRizals Encounter with the Friars Spy

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The secret mission of Pablo Mercado was notan assassination attempt but espionage only.Rizals Encounter with the Friars Spy

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As Physician in Dapitan

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Dona Teodora and Maria lived with Rizal for a year and a half. It is here when Rizal operated his mothers right eye. Though the operation was successful, his mother had a wound infection afterignoring Rizals instruction of not removing thebandages. However, the infectionwas immediatelytreatedAs Physician in Dapitan

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Don Ignacio Tumarong Rizals patient who was able to see again after his operation;-he paid Rizal P3,000As Physician in Dapitan

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Don Florencio Azcarraga rich hacendero ofAklan who was cured of eye ailment, in turn he gave Rizal a cargo of sugar.As Physician in Dapitan

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Rizal prescribed medicinal plants to his poorpatients.As Physician in Dapitan

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Water System for Dapitan

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As a perito agrimensor (expert surveyor), Rizalapplied his engineering knowledgeby constructinga system of waterworks to furnish clean water tothe townspeopleWater System for Dapitan

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Mr. H.F. Cameron American engineer whopraised Rizal for his engineering ingenuity.

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Community Projects for Dapitan

Rizal had1.Drained the marshes to getrid of malaria that was infesting Dapitan2.Equipped the town with lighting system using P500 one of his patients paid him. The lighting system consisted of: a.Coconut oillamps3.Beautified the town of Dapitanby remodeling the town plaza and making a huge relief map of Mindanao out of earth, stones and grass

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Rizal as TeacherRizal established in Dapitan a school.It began with 3 pupils who increased to 16 and eventually 21.16 of his pupils did not pay tuition. Instead ofcharging them fees, Rizal made them work in his gardens and construction projects.

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Formal classes were between 2:00 p.m. and 4:00p.m. He also applied the emperor system like that of AteneoRizal as Teacher

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During recess, pupils built fires to drive awayinsects, pruned fruit trees and manured thesoil.

Outside class hours, students had gymnastics,boxing, wrestling, stone-throwing, swimming,arnis and boatingRizal as Teacher

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Hymn to Talisay-A poemRizalwrotein honor ofTalisay which he made his pupils sing

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Contributions to ScienceRizal sent specimens he found to the museum ofEurope especially the Dresden Museum. In turn, he received scientific books and surgical instruments

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He had1.Built upa rich collection of concology (consisting of 346 shells of 203 species)2.Discovered rarespecimenslike:a.Draco rizali(a flying dragon)b.Apogonia rizali(a small beetle)c.Rhacophorus rizali(a rare frog)3.Conducted anthropological, ethnographical, archaeological, geological and geographical studies.

Contributions to Science

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Linguistic StudiesContinuing his study of languages, Rizal learned in Dapitan:1.Bisayan2.Subanum3.Malaylanguages

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He knew by that time 22 languages as followsTagalog, Malay, Ilokano, Hebrew, Bisayan, Sanskrit, Subanum, Dutch, Spanish, Catalan Latin,Italian Greek, Chinese, English,Japanese, French, Portuguese, German, Swedish, Arabic, Russian

Linguistic Studies

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Artistic Works in DapitanTo pursue his artistic activities, Rizal1.Contributed paintings to the Sisters ofCharity who were preparing the sanctuary of the Holy Virgin2.Madesketches of persons and things that attracted him in Dapitan

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3.Modeled a statuette called The Mothers Revenge to stress the moral of the incident where a puppy of his dog, Syria, was eatenby a crocodile4.Constructed a statue of a girlcalled The Dapitan Girl, a woodcarving of Josephine Bracken (Rizals wife)5.Made a bust of St. Paul for Father PastellsArtistic Works in Dapitan

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Rizal as FarmerRizal acquired total land holdings of 70 hectares where 6,000 hemp plants, 1,000 coconut trees and numerous fruit trees, sugarcane, corn, coffee and cacao were planted.He planned to establish an agricultural colony in Sitio Ponot because it was ideal for raising cacao, coffee, coconuts and cattle. However, this did not materialize due to lack of supportfrom the government

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Rizal as BusinessmanRamon Carreon Rizals business partner in Dapitan Rizal made profitable business ventures in fishing,copra and hemp industries.Hemp industry Rizals most profitable business

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Once he shipped 150 bales of hemp to Manila. Hepurchased hemp in Dapitan at P7 and 4 reales perpicul and he sold it toManila at P10 and 4 reales.Rizal also engaged in lime manufacturing. Theirlime burner had a monthly capacity of more than400 bags of limeRizal as Businessman

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He organized the Cooperative Association ofDapitan Farmers to break Chinese monopolyRizal as Businessman

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Rizals Inventive Ability

Among Rizals inventions were:1.Cigarette lighter which he sent as a gift to Blumentritt called sulpukan2.A woodenmachine for making bricks

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My RetreatUpon restoring her eyesight, Dona Teodora returned to Manila. Seeing how busy Rizal is, she regretted neglecting her muses. She requested Rizal to write poetry. As a response, Rizal wrote Mi Retiro relating his serene life as an exile inDapitan

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Rizal and Josephine Brackenthe death of Leonor Rivera left a poignant void in Rizals heart. In his loneliness, he met Josephine

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josephine Bracken Irish girl of sweet eighteen who was born on Hong Kong.Rizal and Josephine Bracken

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James Bracken and Elizabeth Jane MacBride Josephines parents who are both Irish in citizenshipMr. George Taufer man who adopted Josephine after her mother died of childbirthRizal and Josephine Bracken

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Mr. Taufer became blind so he sought for an ophthalmic specialist. This is how Josephine and Rizal met.Manuela Orlac Filipina companion who accompanied Josephine Bracken to Dapitan.Rizal and Josephine Bracken

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Rizal and Josephine Bracken decided to get married but Father Obach refused to marry them without the permission of Bishop of Cebu.Rizal and Josephine Bracken

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Hearing of the planned marriage and unable to endure the thought of losing Josephine, Mr. Taufertried to commit suicide by cutting off his throat with a razor but Rizal was able to prevent this.Rizal and Josephine Bracken

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To avoid a tragedy, Josephine accompanied Mr. Taufer back to Manila. Mr. Taufer returned to Hong Kong alone while Josephine stayed with the Rizals in Manila.Having no priests to marry them, Rizal and Josephine married themselves before the eyes ofGodRizal and Josephine Bracken

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The two were happy for theywere expecting for ababy. However, Rizal played a prank on Josephine making her give birth to an eight-month baby boy. The baby lived for only three hours. He was named Francisco in honor of Rizals father.Rizal and Josephine Bracken

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Rizal and the KatipunanPio Valenzuela emissary to Dapitan in order to inform Rizal of the plan ofKatipunan during the meeting at a little river called Bitukang Manok.Venus steamer Valenzuela boarded to reach Dapitan

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Rizal and the KatipunanRaymundo Mata blind man who came withValenzuela to camouflage his mission

Rizal objected Bonifacios project because:1.The people are not ready for a revolution2.Arms andfunds must first be collectedbefore raising the cry of revolution.

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Volunteers as Military Doctor in CubaWhen Cuba was under revolution and raging yellow fever epidemic, Rizal wrote to GovernorGeneral Ramon Blanco offering his services as military doctor.

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Governor Blanco later notified Rizal of the acceptance of the offer. The notification came along with an instruction of acquiring first a pass for Manila from thepolitico-military commanderof Dapitan.Volunteers as Military Doctor in Cuba

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The Song of the Traveler

Upon receiving the acceptance of his offer to go to Europe then to Cuba to help in the curing ofpatients suffering yellow fever, he wrote a poem El Canto del Viajero

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Adios, DapitanEspaa steamer which brought Rizal to Manila from Dapitan Rizal was accompanied by Josephine, Narcisa, Angelica (Narcisas daughter), his three nephews and six pupils. As farewell, the town brass of Dapitan played the dolorous Funeral March of Chopin. He stayed in Dapitan for four years, thirteen days and a few hours.

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