River Civilizations & Egypt

River Civilizations & EgyptNadzak

The development of farming was soAWESOMEits considered aREVOLUTION!The Neolithic Revolution

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then . . . ivilizations!CitiesCentral governmentReligionSocial & economic classesArts & architectureWriting

omplex culture!?????Farming and domestication of animals led to what?Shelters, steady food supply, larger population & specialized skillsWhat happened during the Neolithic Revolution?Agriculture was developed.List 5 traits of civilizations?Surplus of food leads to tradeCities Division of labor different types of jobsOrganized institutions govt, religionSystem of written communication cuneiform, hieroglyphics, Sanskrit

The Epic of Gilgameshwhat it isepicwhat its notSo what?context

Why would anyone wish to build a civilization in the middle of the desert in what is now lower Iraq?

Rocky deserts cover 40% of the land30% is mountainous with bitter cold wintersThe South is marshy and damp

Why would anyone want to live there?Because . . . Most people in ancient Mesopotamia and in modern day Iraq live near the Tigris & Euphrates rivers in the Fertile Crescent!Civilization began in an area known as the Fertile Crescent.Located near the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea to the Persian GulfRich soil shaped like crescentEastern section between Tigris & Euphrates = Mesopotamia land between two riversWestern section = MediterraneanSumerian, Babylonia, Phoenician & Egyptian cultures evolved here

BUT . . . the Tigris & Euphrates rivers FLOODED! Even though floods were good for soil they could beDESTRUCTIVE!Soooo . . .what did people do?Why did they need teamwork?Did you know . . .There are carp in the rivers of Iraq (ancient Mesopotamia) that get to be 300 poundsShark swim in from the Persian Gulfall early civilizations developed along major riversriver valleys were ideal locations for civilizations to arise since they provided important resources (such was water, food, and fertile soil), natural trade/transportation routes, and, in some cases a natural defense against attacks

rivers could be dangerous in times of flooding and that civilizations had to take measures to control flooding and/or lessen the severity of the impactin spite of these attempts to control flooding, early civilizations often suffered devastating losses?????Why did ancient peoples settle along rivers?They provided important resources (such was water, food, and fertile soil), natural trade/transportation routes, and, in some cases a natural defense against attacks.What is ancient Mesopotamia called now?IRAQThe Fertile Crescent is between what 2 rivers?TigrisandEuphratesWhy were rivers often dangerous during ancient times?Unpredictable floodingWhats the name for land between 2 rivers?MesopotamiaWhat civilizations began in Mesopotamia?Sumerian, Babylonia, Phoenician & EgyptianWhere was Mesopotamia?near the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf

societies were divided into hierarchies of labor development of government - particularly law codes (Hammurabis Code)ziggurats, pyramids, temples were examples of architecture

writing systems included pictographs and symbols (hieroglyphics & cuneiform)the religious systems were often connected to naturearchitecture was related to religion and defense (ziggurats & pyramids)

The SUMERIANS

The umerians had the first civilization in ancient Mesopotamia about 3000 B.C.Sumer was a series of city-states? WHAT did you think a CITY-STATE was?The first type of writing CUNIEFORM began in umer

Sumerians1st people in Fertile Crescent3500 2000 BC(BCE = before common era)Farmed & raised cattleTraders & artistsBuilt temples & monuments called zigguratsCuneiform = wedge-shapedStudied science & math & developed calendarArmy used complex weapons made of metal

what it isscribewhat its notSo what?contextWhat did you learn about Sumer in your reading?Sumerians Cities were walled out of mud bricksMost Sumerians were peasants or farmersThey built large temples (ziggurats) to worships their gods & goddesses (deities)They had social classes

The Ziggurat of URAbout 1000 years later . . .The BABYLONIANS came into the picture!

Babylon became an empire under Nebuchadnezzar II.BabyloniansBabylon located on Euphrates River capital & impt center for trade & religionHammurabis Code (1792 1750 BC)Believed in astrology led to astronomy = study of universe

Babylonian king - HammurabiHammurabi Hammurabi came up with the first set of lawsHe believed in an eye for an eyeHe was the first to CODIFY a set of lawsHammurabi put the 282 laws he collected from across his empire on stone pillars and placed them everywhere!

HEY! If you dont know about a law and you break it can you still get in trouble?

67what it iscodifywhat its notSo what?contextThen what happened? The Persians came to town!

What did you learn about the Persians in your reading?What you should have learned Power in the city-states changed alotWeak kings bit the dust!!Cyrus the Great of Persia created a humungous empire when Iran is nowCyrus was a JUST ruler!

72Some more stuff you should have learned Darius took command after CyrusHe enlarged the empire to reach from Europe to India! Holla! Darius set up a centralized government & organized into satrapies how is that like the United States?The ROYAL ARMY, paid for with taxes, protected the empire

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what it isfaminewhat its notSo what?context