risto laurikainen csc it center for science · 2013-01-08 · t-110.5121 mobile cloud computing:...
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T-110.5121 Mobile cloud computing: OpenStack
Risto Laurikainen
CSC – IT Center for Science
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Introduction
Open source tools to build an (Amazon-like) IaaS cloud
Provides an interface to resources – Compute
– Storage
– Network
Modular design of various services
Message queue architecture: components communicate using an AMQP message queue
Very active development with lots of companies contributing: seen as an alternative to VMware
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Simplified IaaS architecture
Frontend NetworkCluster
nodes
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Simplified IaaS architecture
Frontend NetworkCluster
nodes
Controls:
network,
cluster nodes
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Simplified IaaS architecture
Frontend NetworkCluster
nodes
Controls:
network,
cluster nodes
Two separated
types of traffic:
management,
virtual machines
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Simplified IaaS architecture
Frontend NetworkCluster
nodes
Controls:
network,
cluster nodes
Two separated
types of traffic:
management,
virtual machines
Virtual machines
running on
hypervisors
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Resources provided
Compute (Nova) – nova-compute daemon runs on cluster nodes
– Launches virtual machines on hypervisor (KVM, Xen, Vmware ESX/ESXi etc.)
Storage (Swift/Cinder/Glance) – Object storage
– Block storage
– Virtual machine image storage
Network (Quantum) – Creates virtual networks on top of physical networks to
connect virtual machines
– Users can create their own network topologies with overlapping IP spaces
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OpenStack Cactus, April 2011
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OpenStack Essex, April 2012
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OpenStack Folsom, September 2012
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Interfaces and components
OpenStack APIs Component Manages
Compute API Nova Virtual machines
Object API Swift Files in object storage
Network API Quantum Virtual networks
Image API Glance VM images
Identity API Keystone Access rights
Block Storage API Cinder Virtual disks (iSCSI)
Amazon APIs Component Manages
EC2 Nova VMs
S3 Swift Files in object storage
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Virtual machine flavors
VM flavors define Number of virtual CPUs
Amount of memory
Additional storage space (“ephemeral disk”)
Swap
Flavor is selected when a VM is launched
Flavors are defined by an administrator
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Virtual machine images
Virtual machine OS disk is stored as an image
The process of starting a virtual machine is
1.Create a base image on the VM host by copying it from
the repository (Glance)
2.Create a copy-on-write copy of the base image
3.Create additional scratch space etc.
4.Boot using the copy of the base image
Step 1 can be skipped if the base image is
already on the host, in which case the VM boots
almost instantly
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Storage options
Object storage – Add files (objects) into central storage
– Organized into buckets
– No file system
Block storage – Virtual hard disk attachable to virtual machines over the
network
– Can only be attached to one virtual machine at a time
– Data remains after the virtual machine has been shut down
Virtual machine local storage – Virtual hard disks stored locally as image files on a
machine that runs a virtual machine
– Data is lost after the virtual machine shuts down
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OpenStack demo