rissman psych120a fall2015 lec08 (pre-lecture version)

7/23/2019 Rissman Psych120A Fall2015 Lec08 (Pre-lecture Version)

1/27

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3/27

A bit of history!

William James (1890): postulated two forms of memory

! Primary memory

! The immediate contents of consciousness

! Effortlessly available and fleeting

!

Limited capacity

! Secondary memory

! Memories of the past

! Permanent but available with effort

! Unlimited capacity

Donald Hebb (1949): proposed distinction between short-term

memory(STM) and long-term memory(LTM) mechanisms

! STM: relies upon temporary activation

! LTM: relies upon structural changes in neurons / connections


4/27

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Active contents of consciousness Not currently in consciousness

Active nodes in LTM Inactive until cued

Fast access to contents Slower access

Limited capacity Unlimited capacity

Fast forgetting Slower forgetting

Transiently increased neural firing Plastic changes in synaptic

relative to baseline connection strength

STM LTM


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6/27

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14/27

RECALL!"

How many?

" Which ones?


15/27

Serial Position Effects

" Recency effect

! Better memory for

the last few items on

the list

! Based on working

memory


16/27


" Primacy effect

! Better memory for the

first few items

! Based on retrieval from

long-term memory


17/27


30 seconds not enough toeliminate the recency effect

Another interveningtask is needed to do so


18/27


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22/27

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Basso et al., 1982

visual

auditory


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rissman psych120a fall2015 lec08 (pre-lecture version)

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