risk factors and veterinary outcomes for snare-related ... un sustainable... · endangered mountain...
TRANSCRIPT
MarleneK.Haggblade1,WoutrinaA.Smith1,JeanBoscoNoheri2,KirstenV.K.Gilardi1,21UCDavisSchoolofVeterinaryMedicine,2GorillaDoctors
Aims:① Todetermineriskfactorsforensnarement.② TobeKerunderstandhowfactorsassociatedwithveterinary
intervenMonimpacttheone-monthsurvivalofmountaingorillas.
Hypotheses:① Riskfactorsincludingage,sex,season,andco-morbidityare
associatedwithincreasedriskofensnarement.② Forensnaredindividuals,co-morbidity,snare-type,Mme-to-
intervenMon,woundtreatment,andwoundseverityaffectthegorilla’slikelihoodoflasMngphysicalimpairmentordeathone-monthpost-intervenMon.
• WewouldliketothankJoostPhilippa,MikeCranfield,andClemenMneUsanasefortheirhelpthroughoutthestudy.
• FinancialsupportwasprovidedbytheStudentsTraininginAdvancedResearchprogramandtheUCDavisSummerExternshipcommiKee.
RiskFactorsandVeterinaryOutcomesforSnare-RelatedInjuriesinEndangeredMountainGorillas(Gorillaberingeiberingei)inRwanda
INTRODUCTION MATERIALS&METHODS DISCUSSION
AIMS&HYPOTHESES RESULTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
• MountaingorillasarecriMcallyendangered.
• ExtremeconservaMoneffortshavehelpedincreasetheirpopulaMonfrom250animals(1980)to880animals(2011).
• Majorthreatsincludehabitatencroachment,zoonoMcdisease,poliMcalinstability,andsnare-relatedtrauma.
• InRwanda,allmountaingorillasliveinVolcanoesNaMonalParkwhere,unfortunately,hunterscanillegallysetsnaresforforestwildlife.
• GorillaDoctorsprovidesveterinarycareformountaingorillasinRwanda,DemocraMcRepublicofCongo,andUganda(Fig.1).
• Between1995–2015GorillaDoctorshasperformed132medicalintervenMonsinRwanda,including37forsnare-relatedtrauma.
Design:RetrospecMvecase-controlstudyof132mountaingorillas.
Studysite:VolcanoesNaMonalPark,Rwanda(Fig.2).
StaQsQcs:RegressionanalysesofriskfactorsassociatedwithcaseorcontroloutcomeusingStatasoeware.
① Riskfactors-snareentrapmentoutcome:• Cases:snaredgorillas(n=37).• Controls:gorillasthatreceivedintervenMonsforotherreasons
(e.g.,respiratorydisease)(n=95).• Riskfactors:age,sex,season,andco-morbidity.
② ClinicalintervenMonfactors-survivalstatusoutcome:• Cases:snaredgorillaswhodiedorsufferedphysical
impairmentone-monthpostintervenMon(n=5).• Controls:snaredgorillasthatsurvivedandfullyrecovered
one-monthpostintervenMon(n=32).• Clinicalfactors:co-morbidity,MmetointervenMon,useof
anesthesia,treatmentprotocol,andwoundseverity.Fig1.GorillaintervenMon.
Fig3.Leepanel:rope(top)versuswire(boKom)snare.Rightpanel:mild(top)
versussevere(boKom)wounds.
Fig2.Studysite–VolcanoesNaMonalPark,Rwanda.
StaQsQcallySignificant*Results:
① Riskfactorsthatincreasechanceofsnareentrapment:• Youngage:gorillas<8years
old.② ClinicalintervenMonfactorsthat
leadtoimpairedsurvivalstatus:• Co-morbidity:presenceof
simultaneousdisease.• DelayedintervenQon:
intervenMonsthattook≥3daystoexecute.
• Severewounds:withnecroMcandischemicMssue(Fig.3).
*StaMsMcalsignificancedefinedasP<0.05
• ClearsuccessofGorillaDoctors:Ofthe132intervenMonsinRwanda,allbut19individualsrecoveredcompletely(an86%successrate).
• Focusfuturemonitoringeffortsonyoungeranimals:With86%ofsnaredcasesoccurringingorillaslessthan8yearsold,encouragevigilantmonitoringofthisage-class.
• Striveforrapidresponse:TimelyclinicalintervenMonsandcarefuldailyobservaMonscouldimproveone-monthsurvivalstatus.
• Strengthsofstudy:Robustsamplesize(n=132)forinvesMgaMnganimportantcauseofmorbidityinanendangeredspecies.
• Weaknessesofstudy:DuetolimitaMonsofavailabledata,wewererestrictedtoassessingsurvivalstatusatone-month.
• Futurework:BeKerunderstandthelongtermimpactsofensnarementonsurvivalstatusandreproducMvesuccess.