risk assessment - uncomplicated for excellence

8/6/2019 Risk Assessment - Uncomplicated for Excellence

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Risk Assessment on Ships

Uncomplicating excellence


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..safety management

objectives of the

Company should, ...

establish safeguards

against all identified

risks...


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What is Risk assessment ?

A risk assessment is simply a

careful examination of what, in

your work, could cause harm to

people, valuable things or the

environment so that you can

weigh up whether you have

taken enough precautions orshould do more to prevent

harm.

Health and safety executive , of the Government of the UK


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IS IT SIMPLE AND UNCOMPLICATED

FOR YOU ? Most Guidelines -- primarily

originating with the UKGovernment , and drafted by

people with impeccable legal andscholarly credentials havegradually tended to becomesimpler and less complex.

Take a look at Official UK documentsissued in

1996

2002

2006

-- in the following 3 Slides.


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The 10 step process recommended by

the British Standard 8800:2004 Pg. 41

for work onboard UK merchant ships.

(From 1996)


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The 5 Step Process when Decisions

involve new costs such as Tugs/Guards

and company policy(since 2002)


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The 5 Step process recommended by

the UK Health and Safety executive

(dated 2006) Step 1 -- Identify the hazards

Step 2 -- Decide who might be harmed and how

Step 3 -- Evaluate the risks and decide on precautions

Step 4 -- Record your findings and implement them

Step 5 -- Review your assessment and update ifnecessary.

Dont overcomplicate the process.

In many organisations, the risks are well known and the necessary control measures are easy toapply. You probably already know whether, for example, you have employees who move heavyloads and so could harm their backs, or where people are most likely to slip or trip. If so, check thatyou have taken reasonable precautions to avoid injury


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What is the legal Aim of Risk

Assessment ?

The aim is to minimise accidents and ill health

on board ship.


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Was there a formal assessment andmanagement of Risk here ?


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Are legal requirements the only

reasons for you to do Risk

Assessment? Legislation now requires Risk assessment as in the ISM code and the COSWP for

UK Ships.

Legislation trails the industry best practices such as OCIMFs publishedrequirements.

Best practices trail the common sense of seafarers applying their presence ofmind when faced with difficult situations.

High Situational awareness in

the shipboard team leads thenatural Risk Assessmentprocess in all cases.


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Legal requirements or Continual

Improvement ? While legally required risk assessment

oriented on static documentation is useful

AFTER an event, Risk assessment as part of a

continual improvement spiral is a dynamic

process leading to professional excellence.

Assess

Review


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The objectives of this module

The objective of this module is to simply

connect the process of formal risk

assessment to the continual

improvement spiral ---which comes naturally with common

sense, presence of mind and HIGH

SITUATIONAL AWARENESS in a shipboard

team --- and leads to excellence.


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High Situational Awareness --

Whenever we have a high situational awareness -- we are continuously carrying out riskassessment to ensure that our interests are safe with the unavoidable laws of nature.

Picture courtesy :Armin Kbelbeck , http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Thierry_Omeyer_10.jpg


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When is Formal Risk assessment needed ?

When we work with complex systems in which all consequences of our actions are not

immediately and continuously apparent to everyone formal risk assessment is needed.

Picture courtesy : Mark Hebden, British Oceanographic Data Centre (BODC) image archive


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What is a Hazard ?

A hazard is a

source of potential

harm or damage ora situation with

potential for harm

or damage;


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Fire Hazard


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What is meant by RISK ?

RISK has two elements:

the likelihood that a

hazard may occur;

the consequences of

the hazardous event.


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Burn Risk Severe and Likely

Picture courtesy :Roi Boshi - Kids plying with fire next to their Lag Baomer bonfire


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Does Human Competence matter ?

YES . In the absence of historical data, an estimate of thelikelihood can be made based on the experience and judgment of the personscarrying out the Risk Assessment.

Unlike with Government regulated databases ashore , a use-able historical


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Fire Hazard with Burn Risk mitigated to

low and unlikely

Picture courtesy Boyles farm


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Should risk assessment and planning

be pursued until all risks are

eliminated completely ?

NO. The amount of effort that is put into anassessment should depend on the level of

risks identified and whether those risks are

already controlled by satisfactory precautionsor procedures to ensure that they are as low

as reasonably practicable. (ALARP)


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How can you identify hazards ?

Asking these three questions should

help to identify where there is a

hazard:

Is there a source of harm?

W

ho (or what) could be harmed? How could harm occur?

HAZARD RISK YOU DO YOU PLAN REVIEW


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For a ship approaching a port to

anchor What kinds of Hazards

can be present ?An example of the way Hazards can be listed

from the outside of the vessel and

going inwards is

Natural Or God Made external hazards

Man Made external hazards

Operational Hazards caused by theplanned task itself.

Personnel Hazards

Internal and Hidden Factors affecting

judgment in individuals.


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What is meant by operational

hazards ? Operational Hazards are those

created by the planned task

itself

Squat, Bank Effect, Ships

momentum, The momentumof the anchor, Loss of steering

in shallows, and machinery

and management failure.


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What are the personnel related

hazards ?

Personnel Hazards can

include Injury due to

weather, incompetence,

Debris from anchor chain,

brake handling, slips , trips ,strains from manual work

and from not wearing PPE.


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What hidden and internal factors

can be hazardous in an operation

like anchoring?

Hidden factors can include --

Charter requirements for speed,

Reporting and communication

requirements adding to

workload, Inadequate rest ,

unresolved domestic andinterpersonal concerns , and any

other concerns causing

abnormal stress in individuals.


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Murphys law and the hazards which

can be discarded from formal risk

assessment ?

A useful thumb rule with great practical value in deciding whichhazard to ignore is Murphys law which states ---

ANYTHING THAT CAN GO WRONG , WILL GO WRONG !

The way around is to make it impossible for things to go wrong forthe planned task.

Hazards that clearly possess negligible

potential for harm should not bedocumented or given further

consideration, provided that appropriate

control measures remain in place. --

COSWP


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How can we ensure all relevant

hazards have been identified ?

The person doing the risk assessment should take the

latest updated inputs from all those involved in the plan.


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MEASURING and MANAGING RISK

Note: o indicates the presence of Risk Increasing Factors

And q indicates the presence of Risk Decreasing Factors

R oq = k o q (p oq * s oq)

Where, R is a function of :-

p the probability of occurrence of an event;

s is the severity of consequences of that event;

And, k is a factor that represents the Human Actor / Factor.

Risk: is the combination of the probability of occurrenceof an event and the severity of its consequences.


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What is the aim of an effective Plan ?

The aim of planning is to mitigate the risks fromall known hazards effectively and elegantly.

Specific points here would include : Depth of water, nature of bottom,


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How can you ensure the effective

communication of the Plan ?

It is important while briefing the team on the plan that the Communications

loop is completed . Taking feedback from each participant , if necessary byuestionin and confirmin to ensure that all hazards are addressed and


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When should a departure from the

plan be considered ?

If a new un-anticipated risk or hazard

emerges, a contingency plan must beintegrated with a revised risk assessment, and

communicated with the full team.

Only in such a case should the initial plan be

amended to mitigate the full new set of risks.


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How does Debriefing take the

team into a continual improvement

spiral ? The last element in the continuous

improvement spiral is Review, which is based

on raw accurate inputs immediately after the

operation.

This review then becomes the basis for

evolving a better more scientifically evolvedAssessment of the risks in say anchoring --

the next time .


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When should the debriefing take

place ?

It is often impractical to conduct a full debrief

with all participants immediately after an

anchoring operation due to tiredness. But this

exercise is of great value in enhancing team

skills even when quick observations are

straightforwardly recorded for later analysis.


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The risk assessment Flowchart

according to the British Standard

and the COSWP


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RISK ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT

RISK =

HUMAN COMPETENCELEVELX

SEVERITY OF HARM

XCHANCE OF HAPPENING


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SEVERITY OF HARM


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CHANCE OF HAPPENING

oq o q oq oq


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R oq = k o q (p oq * s oq)

Risk = Human Competence (Likelihood x Severit


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IS THEPLAN OK TO GO AHEAD WITH

?


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What preparations are the most effective in

Controlling Risk ?

ELIMINATE the risky work (The most effective measure)

SUBSTITUTE -- the risky work with a less risky options

ENGINEERING CONTROLS segregate the hazard from the people or things that canharmed.

ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS Procedures, instructions, training, supervisi

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (last resort , least -effec


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Whe isk tr l ti s re ire

a iti al sts ?


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Implementing the Risk Assessment & Review

1. On completion, the Risk Assessment should be madeavailable for review by all likely to be affected by it.

2. Review of the Risk Assessment is necessary when itit is no longer valid or is suspect.

3. Review is the Risk Assessment is also necessary whensignificant changes have taken place since the RA.

4. The RA must be reviewed by operational personnel whomay be involved especially if they were not involved in RA.


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The following slides have

additional notes and referenceswhich may be of help.


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Steps for Shipboard Risk Assessment

1. Divide the task into a stage-wise series of activities thatcan be identified and documented.

2. Identify all the hazards that are associated with each ofactivities that have been documented.

3. Ascertain consequences or impact if the hazards aredevelop to their full potential.

4. Consider the severity of consequences of each hazardand identify the relevant band with reference to Table B.


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5. Consider the probability or likelihood of accident occurringand identify the relevant band with reference to Table B.

6. Determine the resultant Risk level in the Risk AssessmentForm under the Risk Factor Column R.

7. Ascertain whether the Risk is High,Medium, Low orNegligible by the Chart shading in Risk Matrix Table.

8. Identify preventive and mitigating actions that wouldbring the Risk to an acceptable level. Note them Action.


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09. List items requiring heightened monitoring or theimposition of additional controls in the RA Form.

10. Identify and assign responsibility to personnel whowould carry out implementation of control.

11. Review the modified Risk, taking into account thepreventive and mitigating actions in place.

12. Confirm that residual Risk is within acceptable levelsand record it under the Modified Risk Column in RA Form.


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13. Assess the Risk based on the situation and not fromwhat you perceive it to be.

14. Future Assessments should consider the controlmeasures that have been put into place now.

15. An electronic copy of the Risk Assessment Formshould be securely stored for future use.

16. Once prepared the Risk Assessment to be referredto when the job is next carried out.


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17. The Risk Assessment should be reviewed andupdated with the latest experience when job is done.

18. A ToolboxMeeting to be held where the RA doneshould be discussed and understood by all.

19. All the usual Safety Precautions to be carried outsuch as Equipment Lock / Tag Out.

20. All relevant Work Permits to be filled in and dulyverified prior to commencement of job.

risk assessment - uncomplicated for excellence

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