rising community by lifting others (1)

7/21/2019 Rising Community by Lifting Others (1)

1/22

[RISING COMMUNITY BY LIFTING OTHERS- WAKF BOARD

] A Research Project Report

Submitted to

School of Law

Auro University

As a First Course Work for continuous evaluation in thesubject of

FAMILY LAW 2[ Law111]

Semester III

[2013- 2018]

U!"R #$" %U&!AC" 'F

Prof An!ita "u#ar $u%ta[ LAW 111]

School of Law

Auro University

R"S"ARC$"RS

Anu&a '(a(

)avi '(a(

(


2/22

UNDERTAKING

We the undersined here!" i#e $n undert$%in th$t this &r'(e)t re&'rt

tit*ed RISING COMMUNITY BY LIFTING OTHERS- WAKF

BOARDis !$sed 'n the d$t$ )'**e)ted $nd $n$*"+ed !" us, This Re&'rt

is $ C'urse W'r% )'ndu)ted $s &$rt ' )'ntinu'us e#$*u$ti'n 'r the

)'urse ' F$.i*" *$/ 0L$/ 1112,

DATE 3 4thFEBRUARY 5617 ANU8A SHAH

RA9I SHAH

)


3/22

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

A&$rt r'. the r'u& Me.!ers: the su))ess ' 'ur &r'(e)t de&ends *$re*" 'n the

en)'ur$e.ent $nd uide*ines ' .$n" 'thers, I t$%e this '&&'rtunit" t' e;&ress." r$titude t' the &e'&*e /h' h$#e !een instru.ent$* in the su))essu*

)'.&*eti'n ' the &r'(e)t, We /'u*d *i%e t' sh'/ 'ur re$test $&&re)i$ti'n t' Prof.

Ankit K!"r G!#t

Th$n% "'u s' .u)h 'r the tre.end'us su&&'rt $nd he*& "'u &r'#ided us 'r

)$rr"in 'ut $ rese$r)h &r'(e)t,The !*essin: he*& $nd uid$n)e i#en !" "'u ti.e

t' ti.e sh$** )$rr" us $ *'n /$" in the ('urne" ' *ie /hi)h /e $re $!'ut t'e.!$r%, With'ut their en)'ur$e.ent $nd uid$n)e this &r'(e)t /'u*d h$#e n't

!een .$teri$*i+ed ,

The uid$n)e $nd su&&'rt re)ei#ed r'. $** the .e.!ers /h' )'ntri!uted t' this

&r'(e)t: /$s #it$* 'r the su))ess ' the &r'(e)t, We $re r$teu* 'r the )'nst$nt

su&&'rt $nd he*&,

*


4/22

CONTENT

Pa+e o

1,1 Intr'du)ti'n


5/22

GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO THE TO@IC One $nd $ h$* th'us$nd "e$rs $': *'n !e're the !irth ' the d')trine ' uses

$nd trusts in En*ish L$/: Is*$.i) L$/ re)'ni+ed $nd de#e*'&ed $ *e$* e;&edient under the

n$.e ' /$%: /hi)h &er.itted $n '/ner t' sett*e his &r'&ert" 'r the use ' !enei)i$ries in

&er&etuit",

The su!(e)t ' W$% is re*$ti#e t' Entr" N', 16 Trust $nd trustees $nd N',

5 Ch$rities $nd )h$rit$!*e instituti'ns: )h$rit$!*e $nd re*ii'us end'/.ents $nd re*ii'us

instituti'ns in the )'n)urrent *ist $tt$)hed t' the th S)hedu*e t' the C'nstituti'n ' Indi$,

Su&er#isi'n '#er the $d.inistr$ti'n ' /$%s is: there're: the res&'nsi!i*it" ' !'th the Centr$*

$nd St$te G'#ern.ents, Arti)*e 54 ' the C'nstituti'n i#es reed'. t' e#er" re*ii'us

den'.in$ti'n t' est$!*ish $nd .$int$in its re*ii'us $nd )h$rit$!*e instituti'ns su!(e)t t' &u!*i)

'rder: .'r$*it" $nd he$*th,

The instituti'n ' W$% 'r the &r'#isi'n ' dedi)$ti'n ' &r'&ert": .'#$!*e 'r

i..'#$!*e: 'r re*ii'us &ur&'ses $nd 'r /$ the u&*it ' the &''rer se)ti'ns ' the s')iet"

h$#e !een $ distinuishin e$ture ' the s')i'-e)'n'.i) stru)ture ' Is*$., De#'ti'n t' the /$"

' G'd 'r the /$" ' ''dness 'r &iet" $nd $ str'n desire t' /in Di#ine $&&r'!$ti'n h$#e !een

the r''t )$use ' the 'riin $nd de#e*'&.ent ' the instituti'n -

Hist'ri)$**": the 'riin ' /$% is tr$)ed t' the &res)ri&ti'ns ' the @r'&het,O.$r h$d $)uired $ &ie)e ' *$nd in the )$nt'n ' Kh$i!$r $nd &r')eeded t' the @r'&het $nd

s'uht his )'unse* t' .$%e the .'st &i'us use ' it: /hereu&'n the @r'&het de)*$red: Tie u& the

&r'&ert" $s*-)'r&us $nd de#'te the usuru)t t' hu.$n !eins th$t it is n't t' !e s'*d 'r .$de

the su!(e)t ' it 'r inherit$n)e de#'te its &r'du)e t' "'ur )hi*dren: "'ur %indred $nd the &''r

in the /$" ' G'd

.


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OB$ECTI%E

The d')trine ' W$% /hi)h is inter/'#en /ith the entire re*ii'us *ie $nd s')i$* e)'n'." '

Mus*i.s h$s *$id d'/n the 'und$ti'ns ' 'ne ' the .'st i.&'rt$nt instituti'ns ' the

)'..unit", In Indi$ $*'ne there $re .'re th$n $ *$%h /$%s #$*ued $t .'re th$n $ hundred )r're

' ru&ees, An e;tensi#e sur#e" ' /$% &r'&erties thr'uh'ut the )'untr" is ne$rin )'.&*eti'n,

The stud" is )$rried 'ut /ith '**'/in '!(e)ti#e

1 T' underst$nd the .e$nin ' /$%

5 T' underst$nd the essenti$* reuisites ' /$%= T' underst$nd the %inds ' /$%

> T' underst$nd the su!(e)t .$tter : &'/er $nd un)ti'ns ' /$%

/


7/22

HYPOTHESIS1, Whether $ n'n-.us*i. )$n )re$te /$% under .us*i. *$/

5, Whether /$% is re#')$!*e 'r n't=, Whether $ /'.$n is )'.&etent t' .$%e $ /$% 'r n't

>, Whether i..'#$!*e &r'&ert" is $ su!(e)t .$tter ' /$% 'r n't

0


8/22

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

D')trin$* rese$r)h .eth'd is !ein &r'&'sed 'r r$.in this re&'rt ,Le$**" D')trin$* Rese$r)h

is )'n)erned /ith *e$* &re&'siti'ns $nd d')trines

The doctrinal research methodology developed intuitively within the common

law a research method at the core of practice,

METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION

$, In )$se ' d')trin$* rese$r)h ie*d /'r% is n't needed *i!r$r" is sui)ient :s' /e

/ent thr'uh 9$ri'us F$.i*" *$/ !''%s: .$$+ines !$re-$)ts $#$i*$!*e in L$/

*i!r$r" ,!, Use ' M'dern Te)hn'*'"? C'.&uter Assisted Rese$r)h

), A** s'ur)es the d$t$ )'**e)ted $re *e$* $nd $&&e*$te )'urt de)isi'ns ,d, M'st ')us is *$id 'n se)ti'ns )$se *$/s $nd d')u.ents r$ther th$n s')iet" $nd

&e'&*e *i#in in it,

1


9/22

R'!UC#&'

The ter. /$% $s deined in )*$use 1 ' Se)ti'n = ' the W$% A)t: 17>: .e$ns $

&er.$nent dedi)$ti'n .$de !" $ &ers'n &r'essin Is*$. ' $n" .'#$!*e 'r i..'#$!*e &r'&ert"

'r $n" &ur&'se re)'nised !" the Mus*i. L$/ $s &i'us: re*ii'us 'r )h$rit$!*e $nd in)*udes $

/$% !" the user: .$shru-u*%hid.$t $nd /$%-$*$*-$u*$d t' the e;tent the &r'&ert" is dedi)$ted

'r $n" ' the &ur&'ses, F'r )re$ti'n ' /$% it is n't ne)ess$r" th$t the sett*er sh'u*d !e $

Mus*i., An" n'n-Mus*i. )$n $*s' )re$te under the Mus*i. *$/ $ /$% &r'#ided the '!(e)t '

the /$% is 'ne /hi)h is re)'nised !" Mus*i. L$/ $s &i'us: re*ii'us 'r )h$rit$!*e $nd his '/n

re*ii'n tre$ts the '!(e)t in the s$.e .$nner, The /'rds J&r'essin Is*$.J in )*$use 1 '

Se)ti'n = h$#e !een &ur&'se*" ret$ined 'r 'ther/ise $** )h$rit$!*e $nd .$n" &i'us end'/.ents

' 'ther )'..unities /'u*d h$#e )'.e /ithin the &ur#ie/ ' the A)t !e)$use the &ur&'ses 'r/hi)h the" st$nd $re $*s' re$rded $s )h$rit$!*e 'r &i'us under the Mus*i. L$/,

The W$% A.end.ent A)t: 14>: h$s $.&*iied this deiniti'n !" tre$tin $**

r$nts .$de 'r re*ii'us: &i'us $nd )h$rit$!*e &ur&'ses in)*udin .$shru-u*-%hid.$t $s /$%

$nd $*s' $s &er.$nent dedi)$ti'ns .$de 'r .'sues: d$r$hs: i.$.!$r$s: t$%i$s:

.us$ir%h$n$s: et),: !" n'n-Mus*i.s, Under the Mus*i. L$/: these dedi)$ti'ns /ere $*/$"s

/$% !ut the deiniti'n )'nt$ined in )*$use 1 Se)ti'n = h$d e;)*uded the. r'. the &ur#ie/ '

the A)t, In Knti &. Mir' Ho((ni : it h$s !een he*d th$t *$nd used 'r M$s(ids $nd 'r the

Muh$rr$. esti#$* r'. ti.e i..e.'ri$* is /$% $nd e#iden)e ' e;&ress dedi)$ti'n is n't

ne)ess$r", When $ *'n &eri'd h$s e*$&sed sin)e the 'riin ' the $**eed /$%: the user )$n !ethe 'n*" $#$i*$!*e e#iden)e t' sh'/ i the &r'&ert" is /$% 'r n't, When there is n' e#iden)e t'

sh'/ h'/ $nd /hen the $**eed /$% /$s )re$ted: the /$% .$" !e est$!*ished !" the e#iden)e

' $ user,

The /'rds &r'essin Is*$. $re &ur&'se*" %e&t here t' e;)*ude )h$rit$!*e $nd

&i'us end'/.ents ' 'ther )'..unities r'. the &ur#ie/ ' the A)t, H'/e#er: Se)ti'n 46-C '

the A)t .$%es $ s&e)i$* &r'#isi'n 'r the )re$ti'n ' W$% !" n'n-Mus*i.s: &r'#ided the '!(e)t

' the /$% d'es n't )$rr" the /'rds ' $ &ers'n &r'essin Is*$.,

The deiniti'n ' $ !enei)i$r" $s i#en in )*$use $ ' Se)ti'n = ' the W$% A)t:

17>: h$d unne)ess$ri*" restri)ted its s)'&e, The !enei)i$r" /$s deined $s $ &ers'n 'r '!(e)t

'r /h'se !eneit $ /$% is )re$ted $nd in)*udes re*ii'us: &i'us $nd )h$rit$!*e '!(e)ts $nd $n"

'ther '!(e)ts ' &u!*i) uti*it" est$!*ished 'r the !eneit ' the Mus*i. )'..unit", The use '

the /'rds '!(e)ts ' &u!*i) uti*it" est$!*ished 'r the !eneit ' the Mus*i. )'..unit"J /$s

/h'**" unne)ess$r" 'r the" $re )'#ered !" the &re)edin )*$use $nd in)*ude re*ii'us: &i'us 'r

2


10/22

)h$rit$!*e '!(e)ts, The $dditi'n ' these /'rds h$d .$de the deiniti'n ' !enei)i$r"

in)'nsistent /ith the deiniti'n ' /$% in )*$use 1 /hi)h in)'r&'r$ted n' su)h restri)ti'ns,

In )in Yr $!n* &. Dir+,tor of Eno"+nt(: the Su&re.e C'urt he*d th$t

the '!(e)ts ' &u!*i) uti*it" /hi)h .$" )'nstitute !enei)i$ries under the /$% .ust !e '!(e)ts

'r the !eneit ' the Mus*i. )'..unit", There )$n !e n' d'u!t th$t the /$%s /ith /hi)h theA)t de$*s $re trusts /hi)h $re tre$ted $s /$%s under the deiniti'n ' Se)ti'n = 1 $nd $s su)h: $

trust /hi)h d'es n't s$tis" the tests &res)ri!ed !" the s$id deiniti'n /'u*d !e 'utside the A)t,

The s$.e #ie/ /$s he*d !" M$dr$s Hih C'urt /hen it st$ted th$t $ /$%: )re$ted $s $n '!(e)t

' &u!*i) uti*it" is e;)*uded r'. the '&er$ti'n ' the A)t i it d'es n't !eneit the Mus*i.

)'..unit" e;)*usi#e*",

ESSENTIAL REUISITES OF A WAKF

P+r"n+nt +i,tion of n/ #ro#+rt/0The irst essenti$* ' $ #$*id waqf is: th$t it sh'u*d !e $

&er.$nent dedi)$ti'n ' &r'&ert", This &hr$se i.&*ies three thin3

i there .ust !e $ dedi)$ti'n:

ii the dedi)$ti'n .ust !e &er.$nent: $nd

iii the dedi)$ti'n .ust !e ' $n" &r'&ert",

1i2T3+r+ "!(t 4+ +i,tion.5.It .e$ns th$t there .ust !e $ su!st$nti$* dedi)$ti'n ' the

usuru)t ' the &r'&ert" t' re*ii'us: &i'us 'r )h$rit$!*e &ur&'ses $s underst''d !" Mus*i. L$/,

The dedi)$ti'n i.&*ies $ de)*$r$ti'n ' the dedi)$ti'n, N' &$rti)u*$r 'r. ' /'rds is ne)ess$r"

'r .$%in $ de)*$r$ti'n ' dedi)$ti'n, It .$" !e either 'r$* 'r in /ritin, Neither de*i#er" '

&'ssessi'n n'r $&&'int.ent ' mutawalli is ne)ess$r", Under Shi$ L$/: n' d'u!t: de*i#er" '&'ssessi'n t' the irst &ers'n in /h'se $#'ur the waqf h$s !een )re$ted is essenti$*,

In Mo3. i("i6 Fr!7!i &. Union of ini(Ayodhya C$se:AIR 1> SC 467 the Su&re.e

C'urt h$s '!ser#ed th$t /here $ .'sue h$s !een $d#erse*" &'ssessed !" n'n-Mus*i.s: it *'st

its s$)red )h$r$)ter $s .'sue, Hen)e the #ie/ th$t 'n)e $ )'nse)r$ted .'sue: it re.$ins

$*/$"s $ &*$)e ' /'rshi& $s $ .'sue /$s n't the M'h$.ed$n L$/ ' Indi$ $s $&&r'#ed !" the

Indi$n )'urts, It /$s urther he*d th$t $ .'sue in Indi$ /$s $n i..'#$!*e &r'&ert" $nd the riht

' /'rshi& $t $ &$rti)u*$r &*$)e is *'st /hen the riht t' &r'&ert" 'n /hi)h it st$nds is *'st !"

$d#erse &'ssessi'n,

1ii2 T3+ +i,tion "!(t 4+ #+r"n+nt.P@er&etuit" is $ ne)ess$r" )'nditi'n 'r the #$*idit" '

Waqf.I it is 'r $ *i.ited &eri'd: 'r 'r $ te.&'r$r" &ur&'se: it is #'id, A dedi)$ti'n: s$" 'r ten

'r t/ent" "e$rs: !ein *i.ited in &'int ' ti.es: is n't #$*id, Si.i*$r*": $ )'ntinent 'r

)'nditi'n$* waqf is n't #$*id, A))'rdin t'Fatawa-i-Alamgiri, &er&etuti" is $*s' $.'n the

)'nditi'ns ' waqf $))'rdin t' $** '&ini'ns: th'uh $))'rdin t'Abu Yusuf the .enti'n ' it is

n't $ )'nditi'n,: $nd this is )'rre)t, Where#er the ter. waqf is used &er.$nen)e /i** !e

(3


11/22

&resu.ed $s $ .$tter ' *$/,

In Mo3. K3(i" &. Mo3. D(t*irAI (5664 1= SCC >the Su&re.e C'urt in

uneui#')$* ter.s he*d th$t $))'rdin t' M'h$..ed$n 8urists: the ter. !wa"f *iter$**" .e$ns

dedi)$ti'n !" $ &ers'n &r'essin the Muss$*.$n $ith ' $n" &r'&ert" 'r $n" &ur&'se

re)'nised !" Muss$*.$n *$/ $s re*ii'us: &i'us 'r )h$rit$!*e, The C'urt urther '!ser#ed th$t

in 'rder t' )'nstitute $ wa"f, there .ust !e $ &er.$nent dedi)$ti'n ' the &r'&erties in uesti'n

' $#'ur ' G'd A*.iht" $nd /hi*e the '!(e)ts ' the wa"f .$" initi$**" !e 'r the !eneit '

the wa"ifs $.i*" $nd 'ther des)end$nts: the u*ti.$te !enei)i$r" h$s t' !e G'd,,, The 'ther

i.&'rt$nt *$"s test in the n$ture ' in$*ien$!i*it" ' the &r'&erties 'r.in the nu)*eus ' the

wa"f. On)e $ wa"f is )re$ted the tit*e ' the wa"if in the dedi)$ted &r'&ert" is e;tinuished $nd

#ests in G'd, The wa"if is entit*ed t' reser#e &'/er t' $*ien$te $n" &'rti'n ' the &r'&erties: !ut

'r the !eneit ' the wa"f.

1iii2 T3+ +i,tion "!(t 4+ of n/ #ro#+rt/, The su!(e)t ' waqf .$" !e $n" t$ni!*e

&r'&ert" (mal# )$&$!*e ' !ein: used /ith'ut !ein )'nsu.ed, A!dur R$hi. *$"s d'/n th$t the&r'&ert" dedi)$ted .ust !e i (mal# t$ni!*e &r'&ert": $nd ii it .ust !e )$&$!*e ' !ein used

/ith'ut !ein )'nsu.ed :there $re n' urther restri)ti'ns, This .e$ns th$t $ #$*id waqf )$n !e

)re$ted n't 'n*" ' i..'#$!*e &r'&ert" !ut $*s' ' .'#$!*es: su)h $s: sh$res in ('int st')%

)'.&$nies: &r'.iss'r" n'tes $nd e#en .'ne",

H$n$i L$/ re)'nises the '**'/in $s #$*id su!(e)ts ' waqf$

12 i""o&46+ #ro#+rt/.

142 ,,+((ori+( to ini"o&46+ #ro#+rt/.

1,2 Quran or ot3+r 4ook(.

12 (!,3 ot3+r t3in*( ( it i( ,!(to"r/ to "k+ t3+ (!48+,t of waqf

@r'#ided $*/$"s th$t thins th$t $re )'nsu.ed !" use )$nn't #$*id*" !e the su!(e)t t' /$: i,e,:

the thin .ust !e ' re$s'n$!*e &er.$nent )h$r$)ter, Su!(e)t ' /$ .ust !e*'n t' /$i ie

The &r'&ert" t' !e dedi)$ted .ust !e in the '/nershi& ' the dedi)$t'r /$i, One )$nn't

dedi)$te $n'thers &r'&ert" ' /$, A &ers'n /h' is in $)t the '/ner ' the &r'&ert" !ut is

under the !e*ie th$t he is 'n*" $ .ut$/$**i there' is )'.&etent t' .$%e $ #$*id /$ ' the

&r'&ert", A #$*id /$ .$" !e .$de ' the &r'&ert" th'uh it is su!(e)t t' $ .'rt$e: 'r $

*e$se, A usuru)tu$r" .'rt$ee )$nn't .$%e $ #$*id /$ $s he is n't the '/ner ' the

.'rt$ed &r'&ert" $nd su)h $ .'rt$e is $n e#$si'n ' the Mus*i. L$/ $$inst usur", A

/id'/ )$nn't dedi)$te her d'/er de!t,

R+*i(trtion.5A /$-n$.$: !" /hi)h i..'#$!*e &r'&ert" ' the #$*ue ' Rs, 166 'r .'re is

dedi)$ted !" the /$" ' /$ reuires t' !e reistered under the Indi$n Reistr$ti'n A)t: 16,

This &r'#isi'n /i** !e $&&*i)$!*e e#en i the dedi)$t'r h$s hi.se* $&&'inted $s the irst

.ut$/$**i ' the s$id /$

((


12/22

In the )$se ' /$% .$de !" $ Shi$ Mus*i. de*i#er" ' &'ssessi'n is ne)ess$r" $s *$id d'/n in

Se), 14 ' the Mu**$Js M'h$..ed$n L$/, 14th Ed, $t &, 16, The @ri#" C'un)i* $*s' he*d in

A*i Q$.in #, A%!$r A*i Kh$r th$t under Shi$ *$/ $)tu$* de*i#er" ' &'ssessi'n !" 'r !" dire)ti'n

' the /$%i is $ )'nditi'n &re)edent t' the /$% h$#in #$*idit" $nd ee)t,

92 Wkf "!(t 4+ irr+&o,46+, 3 On)e $ #$*id W$% is )'nstituted: it )$nn't !e re#'%ed, When

the W$% reser#es t' hi.se*: the riht ' re#'%in the W$%: su)h $ W$% /'u*d !e #'id, The

W$%i $s $ hu.$n !ein )$nn't su!seuent*" re#'%e it !e)$use this /'u*d $.'unt t' t$%in !$)%

r'. G'd /h$te#er is i#en t' hi., An" &r'#isi'n in the W$% th$t 'under .$" re#'%e it

/hene#er he *i%es: /'u*d !e un-Is*$.i) $nd $*s' in)'nsistent /ith the #er" )'n)e&t ' Wa"f

There're: it is &resu.ed th$t 'n)e $ Wa"f $*/$"s $ Wa"f

=2Wkf "!(t 4+ 4(o6!t+ n !n,onition6 3It is i.&'ssi!*e t' )'nte.&*$te &r'&ert"

tr$nserred t' A*.iht" G'd su!(e)t t' $ )'nditi'n en'r)e$!*e in the te.&'r$* )'urts 'rre)'#erin th$t &r'&ert" 'r the !eneit ' the sett*'r, Dedi)$ti'n t' G'd )$nn't !e &er.$nent i

its e;isten)e de&ends 'n s'.e )'nditi'n,, Where the )re$ti'n ' W$% itse* is de&endent 'n

s'.e )'nditi'n 'r )'ntinen)": the W$% is #'id,

:2 Wkf "!(t 4+ i""+it+ n not ,ontin*+nt0 A W$% .ust t$%e i..edi$te ee)t

$!s'*ute*" $nd 'r e#er: e;)e&t /here the W$% is )re$ted !" Wi**, L$/ reuires i..edi$te

tr$nser ' &r'&ert" $nd $n" e'rt t' &'st&'ne the tr$nser ' W$% &r'&ert" /'u*d !e #'id, A

W$% )$nn't !e deerred t' $ uture d$te, It .ust n't !e )'ntinent t' s'.e uture d$te,

There're: i $ &ers'n s$"s th$t this &r'&ert" is $ W$% $ter ." de$th: the W$% /'u*d n't !e

#$*id 'n the r'und th$t it /'u*d n't )'#er the &eri'd r'. the de)*$r$ti'n $nd his de$th, But $

test$.ent$r" W$% )'.es int' e;isten)e 'n*" $ter the de$th ' the W$%i, I $ W$% is .$de 'n

the )'ntinen)" ' h$&&enin ' $n e#ent: it /'u*d !e #$*id, A W$% /'u*d !e in#$*id: i .$de

'n the )'ntinen)" th$t the &r'&ert" /'u*d !e dedi)$ted: i n' )hi*dren $re !'rn t' the W$% ti**

his de$th 'r he *e$#es )hi*dren,

;2T3+ Wkif "!(t +


13/22

$ree.ent e#en th'uh s'.e &r'#isi'ns $re .$de 'r .eetin the e;&ense ' $ d$r$h: the /$%

/'u*d !e in#$*id ,

@ERSOND ENTITLED TO MAKE WAKF

A. T3+ kif "!(t #o((+(( i(6"0$ A))'rdin t' se)ti'n 51 ' the Muss$*.$n W$% 9$*id$tin

A)t: 11=: W$% .e$ns the &er.$nent dedi)$ti'n !" $ &ers'n &r'essin the Muss$*.$n

$ith,,,,, Under se)ti'n =L ' the W$% A)t: 17>: W$% .e$ns the &er.$nent dedi)$ti'n !"

$ &ers'n &r'essin Is*$. B'th these t/' A)ts )'nte.&*$te th$t $ W$% )$n !e )re$ted !" $

Mus*i. 'n*", But either ' these A)ts: &r'essin ' Is*$. /$s n't $ )'nditi'n &re)edent 'r

)re$tin $ W$%,,

B. Wkf 4/ non "!(6i"3 In Moti S33 &. A4!6 Gfr K3n?it h$s !een he*d th$t the '!(e)t

'r /hi)h dedi)$ti'n is .$de .ust !e *$/u* $))'rdin t' the re*ii'n ' the dedi)$t'r $s /e**$s the Is*$.i) d')trine, Whether $ n'n-Mus*i. re$**" !e*ie#es in the Is*$.i) d')trines: .$"

!e e#iden)ed r'. the '!(e)t 'r /hi)h he )'nstitutes the Wa"f. I $ n'n-Mus*i. )'nstituted

$n" Wa"f 'r $ te.&*e it is )*e$r th$t he h$s n' $ith in Is*$., It: there're: s$"s th$t $ n'n-

Mus*i. is $*s' )'.&etent t' .$%e $ Wa"f&r'#ided its '!(e)t is n't un-Islami%.

C. T3+ Wkif "/ 4+ "6+ or f+"6+3 A &$rd$n$shin *$d" .$" !e $ )'.&etent W$% Su)h $

*$d" h$s riht t' .$%e $ W$% ' her &r'&erties &r'#ided she &'ssesses the reuired )$&$)it"

$nd riht, But /here the W$% is &$rd$n$shin *$d": the !enei)i$ries $nd the Mut$/$**i h$#e t'

&r'#e th$t she h$d e;er)ised her inde&endent .ind in )'nstitutin the W$% $nd h$d u**"

underst''d the n$ture ' the tr$ns$)ti'n,

D. T3+ Wkif "!(t 4+ "8or 3 The W$% sh'u*d !e $ .$('r under se)ti'n = the Indi$n

M$('rit" A)t: 17, The $e ' .$('rit" under this A)t is 1 "e$rs, W$% )$nn't !e )re$ted

!" $ u$rdi$n 'n !eh$* ' the .in'r: su)h $ W$% is #$*id, S' W$% )'nstituted !" u$rdi$ns

'n !eh$* ' .in'rs $re #'id $! initi',

E. T3+ Wkif "!(t 4+ (o!n "in n fr++ ,on(+nt3 The Wa"f sh'u*d h$#e s'und .ind,

Si.i*$r*": $ Wa"f )re$ted under )'er)i'n 'r undue in*uen)e is n't #$*id, The Wa"f .ust $&&*"

his inde&endent .ind in dedi)$tin the &r'&ert",

F. T3+ Wkif "!(t 4+ of t3+ on+r of t3+ #ro#+rt/3 It is ne)ess$r" th$t the &r'&ert" !ein

i#en in W$% sh'u*d !e*'n t' W$%i $t the ti.e ' de)*$r$ti'n 'r deed $s the )$se .$" !e:

$nd i it is n't s' then the W$% /'u*d !e in#$*id, A W$% ' &r'&ert" /hi)h is in &'ssessi'n

' the W$%i $s $ usuru)tu$r" .'rt$ee is in#$*id, It is: there're: the i.&'rt$nt thin is th$t

the W$% .ust !e $ &er.$nent d'.ini'n '#er the su!(e)t-.$tter ' the W$%,

(*


14/22

G. Goo Mnn+r(3 The Mut$/$**i sh'u*d !e &i'us /h' is h'nest: $#'ids .$('r sins $nd h$s

''d .$nners,

H. Effi,i+n,/3 The Mut$/$**i sh'u*d !e $!*e t' h$nd*e the &r'&erties he *''%s $ter, He .ust !e

'!ser#e th$t ei)ien)" in .$n$in the W$% &r'&ert" is the i.&'rt$nt e*e.ent t' ensure the

W$% &r'&ert" is n't /$sted, This is es&e)i$**" i.&'rt$nt under t'd$"s d"n$.i) in$n)i$*

s"ste. /hi)h reuires *'t ' e;&ertise ii .$n$in unds, Mut$/$**i sh'u*d !e $!*e t' h$nd*e

the &r'&erties he *''%s $ter,

KINDS OF WAKF

Br'$d*" s&e$%in /$%s )$n !e ' t/' %inds3 @u!*i) $nd &ri#$te, But the .'st $))e&ted is its

three-'*d )*$ssii)$ti'n -- #!46i,? 7!(i-#!46i, n #ri&t+.

@u!*i) trusts $re th'se /hi)h $re dedi)$ted t' the &u!*i) $t *$re h$#in n' restri)ti'n ' $n" %ind

re$rdin its use: e, ,: !ride: /e**: r'$d: et),

u$si-&u!*i) /$%s $re th'se: the &ri.$r" '!(e)t ' /hi)h is &$rt*" t' &r'#ide 'r the !eneit '

&$rti)u*$r indi#idu$*s 'r )*$ss ' indi#idu$*s /hi)h .$" !e the sett*erJs $.i*": $nd &$rt*" t'

&u!*i): s' the" $re &$rt*" &u!*i) $nd &$rt*" &ri#$te,

@ri#$te /$%s $re th'se /hi)h &r'#ide !eneit t' &ri#$te indi#idu$*s: in)*udin the sett*erJs $.i*"

'r re*$ti'ns, Su)h $ /$% is ter.ed $s /$%-$*$*-$u*$d, The Mut$/$**i .$n$es the /$% !ut he

)$nn't $*ien$te the &r'&ert", He is: h'/e#er: .'re th$n $ .$n$er 'r su&erintendent: $s he d'es

n't h$n 'n the &*e$sure ' $n"!'d" e*se 'r t' $n"!'d", Under Mus*i. L$/ $ &ri#$te /$% is

su!(e)t t' the s$.e restri)ti'ns $s $n" &u!*i) /$% $s the L$/ .$%es n' distin)ti'n !et/een&u!*i) $nd &ri#$te /$%s, B'th $re su!(e)t t' the ru*es ' di#ine &r'&ert" /here the rihts ' the

/$% $re e;tinuished $nd it !e)'.es the &r'&ert" ' G'd, B'th the /$%s $re )re$ted in

&er&etuit" $nd the &r'&er*" !e)'.es in$*ien$!*e, Li%e &u!*i) /$%s: $ &ri#$te /$% )$n under n'

)ir)u.st$n)es $i* $nd /hen the *ine ' des)ent !e)'.es e;tin)t: the entire )'r&us 'es t'

)h$rit",

It .$" !e )*$riied here th$t the ter. &ri#$te is used t' )'nn'te /$%s 'r &ri#$te indi#idu$*s, It

d'es n't in)*ude /$%s /hi)h $re ' &u!*i) n$ture: su)h $s: $ .'sue, A))'rdin t' Mus*i. L$/:

there is n'thin *i%e $ @ri#$te M'sue, A &ers'n )$n set $&$rt $n $&$rt.ent 'r his '/n

&r$"ers: !ut i he $**'/s 'thers t' s$" their &r$"ers in it: it $ssu.es &u!*i) )h$r$)ter, The test/hether $ !ui*din is $ .'sue: it is en'uh t' .$%e it /$% &r'#ided th$t &u!*i) &r$"ers $re

e#en 'n)e s$id /ith the &er.issi'n ' the sett*er,

In $ re)ent )$se? K((i"i3 C3riti+( &. S+,/. Mr( Stt+ W$% B'$rd : the .e$nin '

/$% /$s t$%en $s the detenti'n ' the )'r&us in the '/nershi& ' G'd in su)h $ .$nner th$t its

&r'its .$" !e $&&*ied 'r the !eneits ' His ser#$nts, The '!(e)ts ' dedi)$ti'n .ust !e &i'us

'r )h$rit$!*e, Hen)e: the three d'.in$nt )h$r$)teristi)s ' /$%J )$n !e su..$ri+ed $s under3

(,


15/22

In the irst inst$n)e: the .'ti#e .ust !e re*ii'us $ .ere*" se)u*$r .'ti#e /'u*d

render the dedi)$ti'n $ it 'r $ trust: !ut n't $ /$%,

Se)'nd*": it .ust !e ' $ &er.$nent n$ture, A &i'us it /hi)h is n't $ &er.$nent

'und$ti'n .$" !e $ S$d$$ !ut )$nn't: in *$/: !e ter.ed $s $ /$%,

And *$st*": the usuru)t is t' !e uti*i+ed 'r the ''d ' .$n%ind,

SUB8ECT MATTER OF WAKF

,1 I""o&46+ Pro#+rt/3 I..'#$!*e &r'&ert" .$" !e the su!(e)t-.$tter ' $ W$%, It in)*udes

*$nd: ie*ds: $rden $nd $*s' the !ui*dins $nd trees st$ndin 'n the *$nd, A**: $** $))reti'ns $nd

$&&urten$n)es !e)'.e $ &$rt ' the W$% &r'&ert"

9. Mo&46+ Pro#+rt/ 3 The .'#$!*es su)h $s )$.e*: /'r%. )$tt*es: /$rh'rses: s/'rds: )'&ies

' H'*" ur$n 'r re$din in .'sues /ere .$de the su!(e)t-.$tter ' W$%s, Ater )'.in int''r)e ' the W$% A)t: 11= .'#$!*e &r'&ert" su)h $s sh$re in 8'int St')% )'.&$nies:

G'#ern.ent @r'.iss'r" N'tes $nd e#en .'ne": $ r'#e $nd 'erin .$de in $ Shrine h$s !een

the su!(e)t-.$tter ' W$%,

@. Di&i(i46+ or ini&i(i46+ #ro#+rt/0The su!(e)t-.$tter ' $ W$% .$" in)*ude $ di#isi!*e 'r

indi#isi!*e &r'&ert", Indi#isi!*e &r'&ert" in)*udes /e**: )$n$* 'r stre$.: s.$** h'uses $nd &ri#$te

r'$d: et),It is su!.itted th$t in #ie/ ' the /ide .e$nin i#en t' e;&ressi'n $n" &r'&ert" in

se)ti'n 51 ' the W$% 9$*id$tin A)t: 11=: $n"thin tr$nser$!*e .$" !e dedi)$ted in W$%

&r'#ided it is '/ned !" the W$% The su!(e)t-.$tter ' $ W$% .$" !e $ t$ni!*e 'r int$ni!*e'r .'#$!*e 'r i..'#$!*e &r'&ert" &r'#ided it is '/ned !" the W$%i

:. Wkf of M!(30A Mush$: $n undi#ided sh$re in &r'&ert": .$" !e $ su!(e)t ' W$% There is

di#eren)e ' '&ini'n $.'n Mus*i. $uth'rities 'n this &'int, A!u Yusu is ' the '&ini'n th$t

the W$% ' Mush$: di#isi!*e 'r indi#isi!*e is #$*id !ut $))'rdin t' I.$. Muh$..$d $ W$% '

&r'&ert" )$&$!*e ' di#isi'n is in#$*id, Thus: $ Mus*i. .$" 3 )'nstitute $ W$% ' his undi#ided

sh$re in the &r'&ert" /ith'ut se&$r$tin it r'. the rest, The W$% ' Mush$ is #$*id e#en i the

&r'&ert" is di#isi!*e, Thus: /hen $ )'-'/ner )'nstitute $n" Wa"f ' undi#ided &$rt ' his sh$re in

$ ('int &r'&ert": he need n't se&$r$te it r'. the rest ' the &r'&ert" e#en th'uh its se&$r$ti'n is

&'ssi!*e, H'/e#er: this ener$* ru*e is su!(e)t t' '**'/in e;)e&ti'n3

1i2Wkf for ,on(tr!,tion of Mo(7!+0

1ii2 Wkf for Gr&+/r0

1iii2 Wkf of 6+(+3o6 #ro#+rt/

(.


16/22

; Do,trin+ of C/#r+(( 0- C"&ress *iter$**" .e$ns $s ne$r*" $s &'ssi!*e, The d')trine is !$sed

'n the re$s'n th$t rihts $nd !eneits ' &''r $nd need" sh'u*d n't !e h$.&ered 'n*" 'n

te)hni)$*ities ' *$/ thr'uh /hi)h $n '!(e)t .$" $i*, The 'n*" )'nditi'n reuired is th$t the

Wa"f is #$*id 'ther/ise,

The d')trine ' C"&ress *$"s d'/n th$t i the /ishes ' the Wa"f )$nn't !e )$rried 'ut *iter$**":

the" /i** !e )$rried 'ut $s ne$r*" $s &'ssi!*e in the /$" desired, On)e it is )*e$r th$t there is $

bonafid& intenti'n 'n the &$rt ' the Wa"f to )re$te $ Wa"f, $nd di#est hi.se* )'.&*ete*" ' the

&r'&ert": there is ''d Wa"f /hi)h /i** n't !e $**'/ed t' $i*, A #$*id Wa"f thus .$" !e

)'nstituted3

i Where the '!(e)ts $re n't s&e)iied $t $**: 'r

ii Where the '!(e)ts .eets its '$*: 'r

iii Where the '!(e)t $i*s $s !ein i.&r$)ti)$!*e: 'r

i# Where the '!(e)ts $re &$rt*" #$*id $nd &$rt*" n't #$*id,

In S6+43i A4!6 K+r &. Bi Sfi4!?the )'urt he*d th$t /here the &$rti)u*$r '!(e)t *$idd'/n in $ W$% $i*s !e)$use ' s'.e re$s'n: the W$% /'u*d n't )'.e t' $n end, It /'u*d

)'ntinue $nd in)'.e ' the &r'&ert" .$" !e uti*ised 'r su)h 'ther '!(e)ts /hi)h $re #er"

si.i*$r t' the '!(e)t *$id d'/n in the W$%, There're: /here it is n't &'ssi!*e t' use the

&r'&ert" e;$)t*" in the .$nner dire)ted !" the 'under: the )'urt .$" $&&*" this d')trine $nd

dire)t $ C"&ress $&&*i)$ti'n ' the in)'.e ' W$% &r'&ert",

@OWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF WAKF

The ener$* su&erintenden)e ' $** /$%s in $ st$te sh$** #est in the !'$rd est$!*ished in !" the

st$te : $nd it sh$** !e the dut" ' the !'$rd s' t' e;er)ise its &'/er under this $)t $s t' ensure th$t

the /$%s under its su&erintenden)e $re &r'&er*" .$int$ined )'ntr'**ed $d.inistered $nd in)'.e

there ' is the dut" $&&*ied t' the '!(e)ts $nd 'r the &ur&'ses 'r /hi)h su)h /$%s /ere )re$ted

'r intended

FUNCTIONS OF THE BOARD SHALL BE3

T' .$int$in $ re)'rd )'nt$inin in' re*$tin t' the 'riin : in)'.e : '!(e)t $nd

!enei)i$ries ' e#er" /$%

T' ensure th$t the in)'.e $nd 'ther &r'&ert" ' /$%s $re $&&*ied t' the '!(e)ts $nd 'r

the &ur&'ses 'r /hi)h /$%s /ere )re$ted

T' i#e dire)ti'n 'r the $d.inistr$ti'n ' the /$%s

T' sett*e s)he.es ' .$n$e.ent 'r the /$%

T' dire)t the uti*i+$ti'n ' the sur&*us in)'.e ' $ /$% )'nsistent /ith: In /h$t .$nner

the in)'.e ' /$% : the '!(e)ts ' /hi)h $re n't e#ident r'. $n" /ritten instru.ent

sh$** !e uti*i+ed

(/


17/22

In $n" )$se /here the '!(e)t ' /$% h$s )e$sed t' e;ist 'r h$s !e)'.e in)$&$!*e '

$)hie#e.ent th$t s' .u)h ' the in)'.e ' the /$% $s /$s &re#i'us*" $&&*ied t' th$t

'!(e)t sh$** !e $&&*ied t' $n" 'ther '!(e)t : /hi)h sh$** !e si.i*$r t' the 'riin$* '!(e)t 'r

'r the !eneit ' the &''r 'r 'r the &ur&'se ' &r'.'ti'n ' %n'/*ede $nd *e$rnin in

Mus*i. )'..unit",

T' s)rutini+e $nd $&&r'#e the !udets su!.itted !" the .ut$/$**is $nd t' $rr$ne 'r the

$uditin ' $))'unts ' /$%s

T' t$%e .e$sures 'r re)'#er" ' $n" *'st &r'&erties ' $n" /$%

T' institute $nd deend suits $nd &r')eedins re*$tin t' /$%s

T' s$n)ti'n $n" tr$nser ' i..'#$!*e &r'&ert" ' the /$% !" the /$" ' s$*e : it :

.'rt$e :e;)h$ne 'r *e$se

T' $d.inister the /$% und

T' ins&e)t 'r )$use ins&e)ti'n ' /$% &r'&erties : $))'unts : re)'rds 'r deeds $nd

d')u.ents re*$tin there t'3

T' in#esti$te $nd deter.ine the n$ture $nd the e;tent ' /$% $nd /$% &r'&ert" :$nd t')$use /hene#er ne)ess$r" : $ sur#e" ' su)h /$% &r'&ert",

T' )$** 'r su)h returns : st$tisti)s :$))'unts $nd 'ther in'r.$ti'n r'. the .ut$/$**is

/ith res&e)t t' the /$% &r'&ert" $s the !'$rd .$" : r'. ti.e t' ti.e : reuire,

Where the !'$rd h$s sett*ed $n" s)he.e ' .$n$e.ent under )*$use d 'r i#en $n" dire)ti'n

under )*$use e' the su!se)ti'n 5 : $n" &ers'n interested in the /$% 'r $e)ted !" su)h

sett*e.ent 'r dire)ti'n .$" institute $ suit in $ suit in $ tri!un$* 'r settin $side su)h sett*e.ent

'r dire)ti'ns $nd the de)isi'ns ' the tri!un$* there'n sh$** !e in$*,

When the !'$rd is s$tisied th$t $n" /$% *$nd : /hi)h is $ /$% &r'&ert" : 'ers $ e$si!*e

&'tenti$* 'r de#e*'&.ent $s $ sh'&&in )entre .$r%et: h'usin *$ts:$nd the *i%e : it .$" ser#e

u&'n the .ut$/$**i ' the )'n)erned /$% $ n'ti)e reuirin hi. /ithin su)h ti.e : !ut n't *ess

th$n si;t" d$"s : $s .$" !e s&e)iied in the n'ti)e : t' )'n#e" its de)isi'n /hether he is /i**in t'

e;e)ute the de#e*'&.ent /'r%s s&e)iied in the n'ti)e,

On the )'nsider$ti'n ' the re&*" : i $n" :re)ei#ed t' the n'ti)e issued under su! se)ti'n >: the

!'$rd i it is s$tisied th$t the .ut$/$**i is the n'ti)e /i**in 'r is n't )$&$!*e ' e;e)utin the

/'r%s reuired t' !e e;e)uted in ter.s ' the n'ti)e : it .$" : /ith the &ri'r $&&r'#$* ' the

'#ern.ent : t$%e '#er the &r'&ert" : )*e$r it :' $ !ui*din 'r the stru)ture there'n : /hi)h in the

'&ini'n ' the !'$rd is ne)ess$r" 'r the e;e)uti'n ' /'r%s $nd e;e)ute su)h /'r%s r'. the

/$% und 'r r'. the in$n)es /hi)h .$" !e r$ised 'n the se)urit" ' the &r'&erties ' the /$%

)'n)erned :$nd )'ntr'* $nd .$n$e the &r'&erties ti** su)h ti.e $s $** e;&enses in)urred !" the

!'$rd under this se)ti'n: t'ether /ith the interest there'n :the e;&enditure 'n .$inten$n)e '

su)h /'r%s $nd 'ther *eiti.$te )h$nes in)urred 'n the &r'&ert" $n re)'#ered r'. in)'.e

deri#ed r'. the &r'&ert",

In Indi$ there 5&*$)es h$#e their '/n /$% !'$rds &'ssessin dierent &'/ers $nd un)ti'ns,

(0


18/22

Andhr$ @r$desh W$% B'$rd

Ass$. W$% B'$rd

Bih$r Sunni Shi$ W$% B'$rd

Chh$ttis$rh W$% B'$rd

De*hi W$% B'$rd

Gu($r$t W$% B'$rd

H$r"$n$ W$% B'$rd

Hi.$)h$* W$% B'$rd

8h$r%h$nd W$% B'$rd

K$rn$t$%$ W$% B'$rd

Ker$*$ W$% B'$rd

M$dh"$ @r$desh W$% B'$rd

M$h$r$shtr$ W$% B'$rd

M$ni&ur W$% B'$rd

Meh$*$"$ W$% B'$rd

Odish$ /$% B'$rd

@un($! W$% B'$rd

R$($sth$n B'$rd ' Mus*i. W$%s

T$.i*n$du W$% B'$rd

Tri&ur$ W$% B'$rd

Utt$r$%h$nd W$% B'$rd

U,@,Sunni Shi$ W$% B'$rd

(1
http://www.apswb.org/http://www.delhiwakfboard.org/http://www.karwakf.org/http://www.keralastatewakfboard.org/http://mahawakf.com/http://www.tnwakfboard.org/index.htmhttp://www.delhiwakfboard.org/http://www.karwakf.org/http://www.keralastatewakfboard.org/http://mahawakf.com/http://www.tnwakfboard.org/index.htmhttp://www.apswb.org/


19/22

West Ben$* W$% B'$rd

And$.$n Ni)'!$r W$% B'$rd

Ch$ndi$rh W$% B'$rd

L$%sh$d/ee& W$% B'$rd

D$dr$ N$$r H$#e*i W$% B'$rd

@'ndi)herr" W$% B'$rd,

(2


20/22

TESTING OF HY@OTHESIS

1, Yes : $ n'n-.us*in )$n )re$te /$% under $ .us*i. *$/,

5, N': On)e $ #$*id W$% is )'nstituted: it )$nn't !e re#'%ed, When the W$% reser#es t'

hi.se*: the riht ' re#'%in the W$%: su)h $ W$% /'u*d !e #'id=, Yes : A &$rd$n$shin *$d" .$" !e $ )'.&etent W$% Su)h $ *$d" h$s riht t' .$%e $ W$%

' her &r'&erties &r'#ided she &'ssesses the reuired )$&$)it" $nd riht,

>, Yes : i..'#$!*e &r'&ert" is $ su!(e)t .$tter ' /$%, It in)*udes *$nd: ie*ds: $rden $nd

$*s' the !ui*dins $nd trees st$ndin 'n the *$nd,

,

)3


21/22

CONCLUSION

Criti)$**" e;$.inin ' this &r'(e)t /i** )*e$r*" hih*iht )ert$in $s&e)ts $!'ut the instituti'n '

/$%: in the &resent ti.es, The 're.'st ' these $s&e)ts is th$t /$% is 'n*" 'r re*ii'us

&ur&'se $nd is &er.$nent in n$ture: it )$nn't !e $ te.&'r$r" institute, A*s' $n" $in deri#ed 'ut

' $ /$% h$s t' !e use 'r the !eneit ' the .$n%ind,

It )$n !e unhesit$tin*" s$id th$t the en$)t.ent ' the W$% A)t, 17>: .$de $ *$nd.$r% in the

hist'r" ' /$% $d.inistr$ti'n in Indi$, B" )'nstitutin un'i)i$* B'$rds #ested /ith

)'nsider$!*e $uth'rit" $nd &'/ers: !" i.&'sin $ &re)ise '!*i$ti'n u&'n .ut$/$**is $nd

.$%in their #i'*$ti'n $ &en$* 'en)e: !" $ss')i$tin the St$te G'#ern.ents in the su&er#is'r"

res&'nsi!i*it" $nd !" )'nerrin $uth'rit" 'n the Centr$* G'#ern.ent t' *$" d'/n the &'*i)ies t'

!e $d'&ted !" the B'$rds: the A)t h$s *$id d'/n $ s'und $d.inistr$ti#e stru)ture t' ensure

&r'&er $d.inistr$ti'n ' /$%s in the )'untr", Wh$te#er *$)un$e 'r /e$%nesses e;isted in the

A)t h$#e !een re.'#ed !" the W$% A.end.ent A)t: 14> $nd the A)t $s $.ended is $ #er"

s'und &ie)e ' *eis*$ti'n,

C'nsiderin their nu.!er $nd res'ur)es: /$% )$n !e)'.e $ str'n instru.ent n't 'n*" 'r the

&reser#$ti'n ' re*ii'us $nd )h$rit$!*e instituti'ns: !ut $*s' 'r the edu)$ti'n$* $nd e)'n'.i)

de#e*'&.ent ' the )'..unit", W$%s )'nstitute $ n$ti'n$* $sset 'r $ #er" *$re nu.!er '

these su&&'rt s)h''*s: )'**ees: te)hni)$* institute: *i!r$ries: re$din-r''.s: )h$rit$!*e

dis&ens$ries $nd Mus$ir%h$n$s: et),: /hi)h !eneit the &u!*i) irres&e)ti#e ' their re*ii'n 'r

)reed, It is ' ut.'st i.&'rt$n)e: there're: th$t /$%s sh'u*d !e .$int$ined &r'&er*" $nd their

res'ur)es sh'u*d !e uti*ised 'r the '!(e)ts $nd the &ur&'ses ' dedi)$ti'ns,

)(


22/22

RECOMMENDATIONS ? SUGGESTIONS

$, M$tters re$rdin /$% &r'&erties &endin in )'urts 'r se#er$* "e$rs,

!, L$)% ' &r'&er su&er#isi'n ' /$% *$nd $nd &r'&erties,), Need t' ensure &r'&er &'ssessi'n ' /$% &r'&erties,

d, Further $.end.ent in /$% A)t $nd *e$* &r'te)ti'n,

e, W$% &r'&erties !e !r'uht 'ut ' the &ur#ie/ ' the Rent C'ntr'* A)ts,

, A** /$% &r'&erties .ust h$#e !'und$ries,, W$% *$nd !e used 'r the /e*$re ' the &e'&*e,

h, We*$re?S')i$* We*$re $nd De#e*'&.ent instituti'ns 'r 'r$nis$ti'ns !e set u&

'n /$% *$nd,

i, @er'r.$n)e ' the /$% !'$rd !e /$t)hed )'nst$nt*"

(, Gr$!!in ' /$% &r'&ert"

A!'#e .enti'ned $re the &r'!*e.s $)ed !" /$% !'$rd $nd the" sh'u*d !e t$%en )$re ',

))

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