ripe ncc world ipv6 launch tutorial
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
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IANA IPv4 Pool
1
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 20110%
10%
20%
30%
40%
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IANA IPv4 Pool
1
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 20110%
10%
20%
30%
40%
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IPv6 TutorialWorld IPv6 Launch
Amsterdam Science Park
Ferenc Csorba
Nathalie Trenaman
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Agenda
• The Registry System
• IPv4?
• IPv6 Basics
• Getting It
• Creating an Addressing Plan
• Transitioning Mechanisms
• Deployment Statistics
• More Information
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RIPE / RIPE NCC
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RIPEOpen communityDevelops addressing policiesWorking group mailing lists
RIPE NCCLocated in AmsterdamNot for profit membership organisationOne of five RIRs
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Who makes policies?
5
AfriNIC RIPE NCC ARIN APNIC LACNIC
ARINcommunity
proposalproposal proposal proposal proposal
RIPEcommunity
AfriNICcommunity
APNICcommunity
LACNICcommunity
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Who makes policies?
5
AfriNIC RIPE NCC ARIN APNIC LACNIC
ARINcommunity
proposalproposal proposal proposal proposal
RIPEcommunity
AfriNICcommunity
APNICcommunity
LACNICcommunity
ICANN / IANA
ASO
Reach consensus across communities
Global Policy Proposal
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RIPE NCC Tasks
• IP addresses- IPv4 eg. 193.0.0.203- IPv6 eg. 2001:db8:240:11::c100:1319
• Autonomous System Numbers (ASN)
• Other public services- Training Services- RIPE Database - K-root name server - Measurement tools- E-learning
- RIPE Labs- RIPE Stat- RIPE Atlas
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The five RIRs
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Registration
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Conservation
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Aggregation
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IPv4 Address Distribution
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Allocation PA Assignment PI Assignment
IANA
End User
LIR
RIR
/0
/21
/8
/25/23 /24
/0
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IPv6 Address Distribution
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Allocation PA Assignment PI Assignment
IANA
End User
LIR
RIR
/3
/32
/12
/56/48 /48
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IPv4?
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IPv4 exhaustion phases
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time
IANA pool exhausted
IPv4 still available. RIPE NCC continues
normal operation
Each of the 5 RIRs received
a /8
RIPE NCC reaches final /8
Final /8 policy triggered
RIPE NCC pool
exhausted
RIPE NCC can only distribute IPv6
now
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“Run Out Fairly”
• Gradually reduced allocation and assignment periods
• Needs for “Entire Period” of up to... - 12 months (January 2010)- 9 months (July 2010)- 6 months (January 2011)- 3 months (July 2011)
• 50% has to be used up by half-period
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Allocations From the Final /8
• When the RIPE NCC reaches the final /8:– Every member can get a /22 (1024 addresses)
– Only if they already have IPv6 addresses
– Only when there is justified need
• Current policy does not allow for PI assignments– Policy proposal 2012-04 under discussion
– Intends to allow for PI assignments
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IPv4 Address Transfers
• Transfers allowed between RIPE NCC Members– Only if they are not in use
– Receiver can prove he needs them
– Minimum size is a /21
• Inter RIR transfers are being discussed– policy proposals 2012-02 and 2012-03
– Change the allocation period back to 24 months
– Allow transfers to and from the RIPE NCC region
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RIPE NCC IPv4 Pool
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IPv6 Basics
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Internet Protocol Version 6
• Developed by the IETF in the early nineties
• Became a standard in 1995
• Uses 128 bit addresses– Instead of IPv4’s 32 bits
• IPv4 and IPv6 are not compatible– They can’t talk to each other without help
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340282366920938463463374607431768211456(4294967296)
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22
IPv4 vs IPv6 (rounded off)
4x109 2x1019
2x106 4x109
2048 4x109
in each allocation: in each allocation:
IPv4 IPv6
addresses
addresses
allocationsto members
subnets
subnets
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Address Notation
2001:0db8:003e:ef11:0000:0000:c100:004d
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Address Notation
2001:0db8:003e:ef11:0000:0000:c100:004d
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2001:db8:3e:ef11:0: c100:4d0:
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Address Notation
2001:0db8:003e:ef11:0000:0000:c100:004d
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2001:db8:3e:ef11:0: c100:4d0:
2001:db8:3e:ef11: :c100:4d
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Address Notation
2001:0db8:003e:ef11:0000:0000:c100:004d
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2001:db8:3e:ef11:0: c100:4d0:
2001:db8:3e:ef11: :c100:4d
0 0 0 11 1 1 11 1 1 0 0 0 0 1
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Quiz 1
• How do you correctly compress the following IPv6 address:
2001:0db8:0000:0000:b450:0000:0000:00b4
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A 2001:db8::b450::b4B 2001:db8::b450:0:0:b4
C 2001:db8::b45:0000:0000:b4D 2001:db8:0:0:b450::b4
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Answer
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A 2001:db8::b450::b4B 2001:db8::b450:0:0:b4C 2001:db8::b45:0000:0000:b4D 2001:db8:0:0:b450::b4
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IPv6 Subnetting
• Subnets follow CIDR rules:– A subnet boundary can be anywhere
– Subnet mask is noted with a “/”, e.g. /64
• The standard says every subnet must be a /64– Defines the host part of the address to be 64 bits
– Exception is /127 for point-to-point on routers
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0000:00002001:0DB8:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000
IPv6 Subnetting
/32 = 65536 /48/48 = 65536 /64
/52 = 4096 /64/56 = 256 /64
64 bits interface ID
/60 = 16 /64/64
Contact Training Services: [email protected] us on Twitter: www.twitter.com/TrainingRIPENCC
www.ripe.net
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Multiple addresses
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Addresses Range ScopeLoopback ::1 hostLink Local fe80::/10 link Unique Local fc00::/7 globalGlobal Unicast 2000::/3 global6to4 2002::/16 globalMulticast ff00::/8 variableTeredo 2001::/32 global
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Getting It
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Getting an IPv6 allocation
• To qualify, an organisation must:- Be a member of the RIPE NCC- Have a plan for making assignments
• Minimum allocation size /32
• Allocation size is based on customer numbers and growth, not on transition technique!
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Customer Assignments
• Every “end site” can be assigned up to a /48 without prior approval of the RIPE NCC
– That is 65536 subnets per site
– If you need more, ask for approval first
– Or make a sub-assignment
• Assignments for your own infrastructure– /48 per Point of Presence
– One additional /48 for the core network
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Provider Independent Assignments
• PI assignments in IPv6– Must have a contract with an LIR
– Minimum assignment size is a /48
– More if there is justified need
• No sub-assignments are allowed– Not even a single address for the connection
– If you have customers, you can not use PI for them
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Quiz 3
• How many /64-s in a /48?
• How many /64-s in a /56?
• How many /56-s in a /48?
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Answer
• How many /64-s in a /48?
• How many /64-s in a /56?
• How many /56-s in a /48?
34
65536
256
256
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Registration in the RIPE Database
• All sub-allocations and assignments must be registered to make them valid
• Large numbers of assignments can be grouped– Status “AGGREGATED-BY-LIR”
– Indicates multiple assignments
– Size indicated by “assignment-size”
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3e:ef11:
Reverse DNS
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2001:db8: :c100:4d
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3e:ef11:
Reverse DNS
37
2001: db8: :c100: 4d
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0 00 0000:0000 003e:ef11:
Reverse DNS
37
2001: db8: :c100: 4d
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.ip6.arpa
0 00 0000:0000 003e:ef11:
Reverse DNS
37
2001: db8: :c100: 4d
8 b d 0 1 0 0 2. . . . . . .
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.ip6.arpa
0 00 0000:0000 003e:ef11:
Reverse DNS
37
2001: db8: :c100: 4d
8 b d 0 1 0 0 2. . . . . . .
d.4.0.0.0.0.1.c.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.1.1.f.e.e.3.0.0.8.b.d.0.1.0.0.2.ip6.arpa PTR yourname.domain.tld
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.ip6.arpa
0 00 0000:0000 003e:ef11:
Reverse DNS
37
2001: db8: :c100: 4d
8 b d 0 1 0 0 2. . . . . . .
d.4.0.0.0.0.1.c.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.1.1.f.e.e.3.0.0.8.b.d.0.1.0.0.2.ip6.arpa PTR yourname.domain.tld
d.4.0.0.0.0.1.c.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.1.1.f.e.e.3.0.0.8.b.d.0.1.0.0.2.ip6.arpa PTR yourname.domain.tld
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Reverse DNS in the RIPE Database
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domain: 8.b.d.0.1.0.0.2.ip6.arpa descr: Yourname Reverse Domain org: Yourdomain Ltd admin-c: XY123-RIPE tech-c: NT1031-RIPE zone-c: NT1031-RIPE nserver: alpha.yourdomain.tld nserver: beta.yourdomain.ltd mnt-by: GAMMA-MNT mnt-lower: BETA-MNT changed: [email protected] 20110428 source: RIPE
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Route6 object:
Aut-num object:
IPv6 in the Routing Registry
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aut-num: AS65550mp-import: afi ipv6.unicast from AS64496 accept ANYmp-export: afi ipv6.unicast to AS64496 announce AS65550
route6: 2001:db8::/32origin: AS65550
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Creating an Addressing Plan
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Why Create an IPv6 Addressing Plan?
• Mental health during implementation(!)
• Easier implementation of security policies
• Efficient addressing plans are scalable
• More efficient route aggregation
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IPv6 Address Management
• Your Excel sheet might not scale– There are 65.536 /48s in a /32
– There are 65.536 /64s in a /48
– There are 16.777.216 /56s in a /32
• Find a suitable IPAM solution
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Addressing Plans for ISPs
• A /48 per pop can be used- separate blocks for infrastructure and customers- document address needs for allocation criteria
• Use one /64 block (per site) for loopbacks- One /128 per device- One /64 contains enough /128s for 18.446.744.073.709.551.616 devices
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Administrative Ease
• If possible assign on 4 bit boundaries– Matches a hexadecimal digit
– Easier to read and remember
– Aligns with reverse DNS zones
• Possibly follow the structure of the network or organisation
– Can aid in access control and troubleshooting
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Point-to-Point Connections
• How much space for point-to-point connections?- RFC4291: Interface IDs are required to be /64- RFC3627: Use of /127 between routers considered
harmful - RFC6547: RFC3627 to Historic Status- RFC6164: Using /127 on Inter-Router links
• Be safe: reserve a /64, assign a /127 per point-to-point connection
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Making Customer Assignments
• Don’t be too conservative
• Assign a generous amount of subnets
• /56 is a popular size for residential– Allows for 256 subnets
– Future proof
• Business customers often get a /48
• You don’t want to renumber later on
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“Smart” Addresses Example
• Assume you got 2001:db8:1234::/48
• In your subnet 2001:0db8:1234:XYZZ::/64– X can represent a location, i.e. “north building”
– Y can represent a function, i.e. “workstations”
– ZZ can represent the specific subnet (number)
• 2001:0db8:1234:1316::/64 could mean:– South building, printers, area 16 (accounting)
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Customers And Their /48
• Customers have no idea how to handle 65536 subnets!
• Provide them with information– https://www.ripe.net/lir-services/training/material/IPv6-for-LIRs-Training-Course/IPv6_addr_plan4.pdf
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Transition Mechanisms
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Transitioning: Two Main Methods
• Transporting IPv6 in IPv4– 6in4
– 6to4
– Teredo
– 6RD
• Translating IPv6 into IPv4– NAT64/DNS64
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6in4
• Manually configured tunnels towards a fixed tunnel broker like SixXS, Hurricane Electric or your own system
• Stable and predictable but not easily deployed to the huge residential markets
• MTU might cause issues
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6in4
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!"#$
%&'()*+',*( "*-#+.,* !/0,*/,0
!"#1
"*+#20,!"#1
!"#
!"#$
!"#1!"##$%&$'($'
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6to4 and Teredo
• 6to4– “Automatic” tunnel, system can configure itself
– IPv4 address is part of the IPv6 address
– Requires a public IPv4 address
– Uses anycast to reach a nearby server
– Return traffic might choose another server
• Teredo– Uses UDP to encapsulate packets
– Works across (most) NAT implementations
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6to4 and Teredo
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!"#$
%&'()*+',*( "*-#+.,* !/0,*/,0
!"#1
"*+#20,!"#1
!"#
!"#$
!"#1 !"##$%&$'($')
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6RD
• Quite similar to 6to4– Encodes the IPv4 address in the IPv6 prefix
• Uses address space assigned to the operator
• The operator has full control over the relay
• Traffic is symmetric across a relay– Or at least stays in your domain
• Can work with both public and private space
• Needs additional software for signaling
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6RD
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!"#$
%&'()*+',*( "*-#+.,* !/0,*/,0
!"#1
"*+#20,!"#1
!"# !"#$
"*+#20,!"#1
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!"#$
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NAT64/DNS64
• Single-stack clients will only have IPv6
• Translator box will strip all headers and replace them with IPv4
• Requires some DNS “magic”– Capture responses and replace A with AAAA
– Response is crafted based on target IPv4 address
• Usually implies address sharing on IPv4
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NAT64/DNS64
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!"#$%&'#(&$ )&*+',(& -./(&.(/
-)+0-)+1
-)+1
!"#
!"#$%
-)+1
-)+1
&!'$%
-)+1
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Deployment Statistics
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IPv6 RIPEness
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• Rating system:- One star if the member has an IPv6 allocation
- Additional stars if:
- IPv6 Prefix is visible on the internet
- A route6 object is in the RIPE Database
- Reverse DNS is set up
- A list of all 4 star LIRs: http://ripeness.ripe.net/
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IPv6 RIPEness: 8201 LIRs
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4 stars18%
3 stars11%
2 stars6%
1 star14%
No IPv651%
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IPv6 enabled ASNs
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0
15
30
45
60
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
NL
DEBE
GBALL
NO
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More Information
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RIPE NCC IPv6 Training Course
• Open to all members free of charge
• One day course in which you learn:– How to create a deployment plan for your organisation
– How to make an addressing plan
– How to make assignments
– How to deploy alternative transitioning techniques
• See http://www.ripe.net/lir-services/training
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RIPE-554 Document
• “Requirements for IPv6 in ICT Equipment”
• Best Current Practice describing what to ask for when requesting IPv6 Support
• Useful for tenders and RFPs
• Originated by the Slovenian Government– Adopted by various others (Germany, Sweden)
• Updated yesterday!
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IPv6 CPE Survey
• Originally it was very hard to get IPv6 ready CPE
• Things have changed quite a bit– Lot of vendors produce IPv6 ready CPE
• Working on an updated version– Will ask vendors for the latest status
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IPv6 Act Now
• Dedicated website about IPv6 Deployment– http://www.ipv6actnow.org
• [email protected]– One contact point for IPv6 matters
– Feedback, suggestions and comments
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Also useful
Websites
• http://www.getipv6.info/
• http://www.ipv6actnow.org
• http://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/v6ops/
• http://www.ripe.net/ripe/docs/ripe-554.html
Mailing lists
• http://lists.cluenet.de/mailman/listinfo/ipv6-ops
• http://www.ripe.net/mailman/listinfo/ipv6-wg
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Follow Us
69
@TrainingRIPENCC
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Questions?
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