rifle scopes & optics€¦ · •most scopes are pre-set to be parallax free at 100-200 yds...
TRANSCRIPT
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Rifle Scopes & OpticsWednesday, May 15th, 2019
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Seminar Topics
•Design Factors• Scope Types
• Body
• Reticles
• Focal Planes
• Adjustment Ranges
• Turrets & MOA/MIL
• Parallax Adjustment
• Magnification
• Field of View
•Design Factors Continued• Lenses
• Objective Lenses
• Focus – Ocular Lens
• Exit Pupil
• Eye Relief
•Selecting the Best Scope• For your Purpose
• For your Rifle
•Red Dot Optics
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Design Factors
Scope Types Specifications
•Fixed Focus
•5x30, 9x40
•Variable Focus
•1-4x32, 3-9x40
•Night Vision Focus
•Magnification
•5x30, 3-9x40
•Objective Lens Diameter
• 5x30, 3-9x40
•Exit Pupil
• Lens mm / Magnification
•Eye Relief
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Design Factors
Body
•Three Common Sizes
•1”
•30 mm
•34 mm
•Larger Size
•Greater Range of Adjustments
•Slightly Higher Mount above Barrel
• Parallax Error
•Solid Continuous Tube
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Design Factors
Reticles Duplex Reticle
• Selection Important esp for Long Range Shooting
• “Duplex” Reticle most common
• May be MOA or MIL (MRAD)
• Calibration MUST match Turrets
• Should have Elevation & Windage calibration scales
• May have BDC (Bullet Drop Compensator) scale
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Design Factors
MOA vs MIL• 1/4 MOA = .25” at 100 yds
• 1/10 MIL = .36” at 100 yds
• Allow use of Holdovers for both Windage & Elevation
• Generally Viewed as Comparable
• MIL Calibration more Common MOA MIL
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Design Factors
Nikon BDC Reticle
• Good for Medium Range Shooting (<800 yds)
• NOT Good Long Range
• Set for 1 Particular Load & Cartridge
• Nikon Smart Phone App Compensates for Particular Cartridge
Nikon BDC Reticle
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Design Factors
Horus Reticle• Ability to perfectly calibrate wind dots to
ballistics of your choice.
• Speed Shooting range: from 0 to 600 meters.
• Horus Grid range: from 0 to extreme long range.
• Reticle hold points subtending to 0.2 mil.
• Precise calibration of measurements to within less than 0.5%.
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Design Factors
Focal Plane
• First Focal Plane
• Reticle changes with change in magnification
• Dots/Hash Marks always 1 MOA or 1 MIL apart
• Second Focal Plane
• Reticle remains same size
• Most Scopes are First Focal Plane
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Design Factors
Second Focal Plane
• Second Focal Plane Reticle
• “Christmas Tree” Reticle
• Usually calibrated to be accurate at Full Magnification
• Advantages and Disadvantages to both
• Expect Dual Focal Plane Scopes in the near future
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Design Factors
Adjustment Ranges - Turrets
• Ability to Adjust Turrets on the fly is very desirable
• Finger Adjustment a Plus
• Coin or Screwdriver Adjustment a Negative
• Long Range Shooting may require 50-100 MOA Adjustments
• .308 can drop 50” at 500 yds
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Design Factors
Parallax Adjustment• Relative movement of the
reticle in relation to the target when the eyes move off center of the sight picture
• Most scopes are pre-set to be parallax free at 100-200 yds
• Parallax gets worse when the magnifications are high.
• Nikon has some rifle scopes that use a side turret for parallax correction
• Vortex Crossfire II 6-18x44 AO Adjustable Objective Lens
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Design Factors
Magnification
• High Power >20x
• Big Open Spaces – Long Shots
• Limited Field of View
• Over 10x = Supported Position
• Prone or Bench Shooting
• Expensive
• Eye Relief – Exit Pupil
• Almost always an overkill!
• Long Range – 1000 yds +
• 30x – 40x Power
• Medium Range – 500 yds
• 16x – 20x Power
• Short Range
• 3.5x – 9x Power
• Recreational Hunters – Target Shooting
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Design Factors
Field of View• FOV Measured in Feet at 100 yds
• Inversely Proportional to Magnification
• Magnification Increases – FOV Decreases
• 3x – 30 ft @ 100 yds
• 9x – 14 ft @ 100 yds
• FOV Related to Construction of Eyepiece
• Objective Lens Diameter HAS NO EFFECT ON FOV!
• Only affects Brightness of Image
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Design Factors
Lenses
• Lens Coatings Critical for
• Maximum Light Transmission
• Minimal Reflection
• Magnesium Fluoride
• Critical in Low Light Conditions to see Detail
• Tends to be Expensive
• “Good Glass”
• Coated: Has a single layer of coating on at least one lens surface.
• Fully Coated: Has a single layer on all air to glass surfaces.
• Multicoated: Has more than one layer of coating on at least one lens surface.
• Fully Multicoated: Has multiple layers of coating on all air to glass surfaces.
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Design Factors
Objective Lenses• Transmits light to Ocular Lens
• Objective Bell
• Larger Objective Bell must be mounted higher on rifle
• More Parallax Error
• Cheek Weld may Suffer
• At Long Distances:
• Weight a Factor
• Image Brightness
• Exit Pupil
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Design Factors
Exit Pupil• Usable Exit Pupil is Critical
• Circle of Light You see in the Ocular Lens
• Calculated by Obj Diam mm divided by magnification
• 40mm / 16x = 2.5 mm
• Eye Pupil
• 2 mm Bright Daylight
• 7 mm Low/Dark Lighting
• Conversely
• 3-9x50 – 50/3 = 16.67 mm
• Wasted Image = Wasted Expense
• 4-16x50 – 50/10 = 5 mm
• Great for Most People
• Larger Objective Lens NOT Always Better!
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Design Factors
Eye Relief
•Standard is 3-3 ½”
• Sub 500 yds, Light Kick
•Need 6”+ on Powerful Rifles due to Recoil
• Inverse to Magnification
•Need Clearance on Bolt Action Rifle
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Design Factors
Benefits of Small Objective Lens < 28mm• Моrе еffісіеnt wіth lоw
роwеrеd ѕсореѕ
• Рrоvіdеѕ а lоw рrоfіlе mоunt
• Еnаblеѕ а ѕuffісіеnt аndсоmfоrtаblе сhееk аnd wеldmеthоd
• Саn bе mоrе lіght-wеіght аndсоmрасt, wеіghіng аrоund thе 10 – 13 оunсе rаngе
• Соnѕtruсtеd оn 1 іnсh tubе bоdу – thе ѕmаllеr ѕіzе рrеvеntѕ unіntеntіоnаl bаngѕ аnd bumрѕ whіlе іn uѕе
• Ѕmаllеr ѕurfасе ѕіzе hаѕ lеѕѕ сhаnсе оf rеflесtіng lіght thаt gіvеѕ аwау уоur роѕіtіоn
• Сhеареr thаn оthеr ѕсореѕ wіthlаrgеr dіаmеtеr ѕіzеѕ
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<28mm
Design Factors
Drawbacks of Small Objective Lens < 28mm
• Uѕе fоr сlоѕе rаngе huntіng оnlу
• Еffісіеnt fоr lоw роwеrеd ѕсореѕ
• Теndѕ tо bе fоr fіrеаrmѕ wіthlіttlе tо nо rесоіl ѕuсh аѕ а .22 rіmfіrе оr аіr gun
• Nоt іntеndеd fоr rесоіl аbuѕе frоm hіghеr саlіbеr rіflеѕ аndbullеtѕ
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Design Factors
Benefits of Large Objective Lens > 50mm• Еffісіеnt fоr lоng rаngе аnd
ехtrеmе lоng rаngе dіѕtаnсе ѕhооtіng
• Uѕеаblе ехіt рuріlѕ fоr lоw lіghthuntіng
• Іmрrоvеd іmаgе quаlіtу іn lоw lіght соndіtіоnѕ
• Аbіlіtу tо uѕе hіghеr mаgnіfісаtіоnѕ lоngеr аѕ аvаіlаblе lіght dіmіnіѕhеѕ
• Mаkеѕ hіgh mаgnіfісаtіоnѕ mоrе uѕеful аnd іmаgе quаlіtу brіghtеr
• Flехіbіlіtу tо fіnd ѕwееt ѕроt fаѕtеr wіth lаrgеr ехіt рuріl
• Wіdеr аnd brіghtеr fіеld оf vіеw rеduсіng еуеѕtrаіn
• Моrе соmmоnlу соnѕtruсtеd оn а 30 mm tubе fоr аddеd adjustability аnd durаbіlіtу
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Design Factors
Drawbacks of Large Objective Lens > 50mm• Неаvу, bulkу, аnd саn bе
іmрrасtісаl fоr уоur huntіng ѕtуlе
• Маkеѕ ѕсоре tор hеаvу
• Моrе ехреnѕіvе fоr lаrgеr dіаmеtеr ѕіzе
• Nееdѕ hіghеr mоuntіng rіngѕ
• Can affect comfortable cheek and weld method
• Саn аffесt рrореr еуе аlіgnmеnt
• Lаrgеr ѕurfасе ѕіzе саn rеflесt lіght thаt gіvеѕ аwау уоurроѕіtіоn
• Lаrgеr ѕіzе саn соllесt mоrе dіrt аnd muсk іn hаrѕh соndіtіоnѕ оbѕсurіng vіеw
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Design Factors
Scope Mounts
•Mind Body Diameter
• 1”, 30mm, 34mm
•Rings
•Quick Disconnect
• Re-Zero
•Clear Objective Bell
• Riser
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Selecting the Right Scope
For your Purpose• Are you buying the rifle scope
first and then an appropriate rifle to match?
• Are you buying a rifle scope for a rifle you already own?
• How much are you willing to spend?
• What are you using your weapon for?
• Competition shooting
• Mid to long range hunting
• Extreme long range hunting or target shooting
• Varmint hunting or close range property protection
• Plinking / Target Shooting
• Home Defense
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Selecting the Right Scope
For your Purpose•Consistent Ranges
• Fixed Magnification
• Less Expensive
• Gain Familiarity
•Variable Ranges
• Distance
• Field of View
•Match Rifle Quality
•Match Typical Lighting Conditions
•Match Distance Short –Medium – Long Range
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Selecting the Right Scope
For your Rifle – Ruger 10/22
Simmons Truplex .22 Mag Riflescope
• Magnification & Objective (mm): 3–9 x 32
• Field of View (at 100 yards): 31.4’ / 10.5’
• Eye Relief (in) 3.75
• Exit Pupil (mm): 10.7 / 3.6
• Weight (oz): 10
• Click Value: ¼ MOA
• Adjustment Range (in at 100Y): 60 MOA
$40
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Selecting the Right Scope
For your Rifle – Ruger 10/22
BARSKA 3-9x32 Plinker-22 Riflescope• 3-to-9X magnification
• One-inch tube diameter
• 10.7-3.6 millimeter exit pupil
• 3.5”- inch eye relief
• FOV = 36’ at 3x
• FOV = 13’ at 9x
• ¼ MOA inch click value
$42
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Selecting the Right Scope
For your Rifle – Ruger 10/22
$120
Nikon Prostaff Rimfire II 4-12x40 BDC Precise .25" @ 50 yard adjustments.
• Spring-loaded instant Zero-Reset Turrets.
• Parallax-free @ 50 yards
• Fully multicoated optics
• Waterproof/Fogproof
• Eye Relief = 3.7” - 3.7”
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Selecting the Right Scope
For your Rifle – Ruger 10/22
Nikon Prostaff Rimfire II 4-12x40 Scope BDC 150
• The Prostaff Rimfire II is optimized for use with Nikon “Spot On” Ballistic Match Technology.
• “Spot On” allows you to discover all of the exact aiming points on your scope’s reticle at various yardages for your specific ammunition
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Selecting the Right Scope
For your Rifle – AR-15
$106
UTG 3-12X44 Compact Scope, 36-color Mil-dot Reticle• 30mm Tube
• Multicoated Lenses
• ¼ MOA Adjustment
• Side Turret for Parallax
• FOV 32’ – 10’
• Eye Relief 3.4” – 3”
• Exit Pupil 13.0 – 3.9 mm
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Selecting the Right Scope
For your Rifle – AR-15
Bushnell AR Optics, Drop Zone Reticle Riflescope with Target Turrets, 1-4x24
• 30 mm Tube
• Fully Multicoated FFP
• Fast Focus Eyepiece EP 13.1mm
• BDC - Caliber Specific Reticle
• 0.1 Mil Adjustments
• FOV 36’ – 110’
• Eye Relief 3.6”
$163
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Selecting the Right Scope
For your Rifle – AR-15
Vortex Optics Diamondback 2nd Focal Plane Riflescope
• 1.75-5x32 Dead-hold BDC
• Eye Relief 3.5”
• FOV 68.3” – 23.1”
• Fully Multicoated
• Water – Fog Proof
$177
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Selecting the Right Scope
For your Rifle – AR-15
Nikon P-Tactical .223 3-9X40 BDC• Fully Multicoated
• Water, Fog, Shock Proof
• ¼ MOA Adjustment
• BDC Reticle
• Consistent Eye Relief = 3.6” - 3.6”
• Excellent FOV @ Low End
• Exit Pupil = 4.4mm – 13.3mm
$193Best Mid-Range
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Summary
Rifle Scopes
•Match to your Purpose & Typical Use
•Match to your Rifle
•Do not Overkill
•Critical Factors
•Magnification
•Lens Coatings
•Eye Relief
•Exit Pupil
•Objective Lens
•Focal Plane
•Range of Adjustment
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AR-15 Red Dot Optics
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• Much easier to aim
• Nothing to line up
• Major improvement in accuracy
• Quicker Target (Re)Acquisition
• One focal point
• Usable in low light
• Both Eyes Open
AR-15 Red Dot Optics
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Red Dot LED Sight
•Simplicity
•Durability
•Cost
Holographic Sight
•Versatility
•Ease of Use
•No Parallax Error
AR-15 Red Dot Optics
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Differences VS LED
•Reticle Etched into Glass
•Incredible Battery Life
•Polarized Light
•Recoil Resistant
•Zero Parallax Error
•Can be More Costly
Holographic Sights
65 MOA
1 MOA
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AR-15 Red Dot Optics
Dagger Defense DDHB Red Dot Reflex Sight
•Both Red & Green Dot
•Hooded – Less Sun Reflection
•FOV 15.8’
•4 Reticles
•Continuous Fade$40
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AR-15 Red Dot Optics
Bushnell Trophy TRS-25
•3 MOA Dot
•11 Brightness Settings
•Water, Fog Proof
•Unlimited Eye Relief
•Multicoated Lenses
•½ MOA Adjustment $56
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Red Dot Optics
Ledsnipertactical Holographic Red / Green Reflex
•Water, Fog Proof
•Hooded Less Sun Reflection
•Multicoated
•No Parallax Error
•4 Reticles
•Wide Field of View
$99
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AR-15 Red Dot Optics
Sightmark SM26005 Ultra Shot M-Spec
•Digital Controls
•Parallax Corrected
•Night Vision Modes
•Auto Shutoff
•Waterproof
•Quick Detach Weaver $129
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Flip Up Magnifiers
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Flip Up Magnifiers
Hammers 30mm Tube 3x Magnifier Scope
•30 mm Tube
•Full Multicoated Lenses
•Excellent for Low Light
•Elevation & Windage Adj. Without changing Zero
•Eye Relief = 3” $50 $21
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Flip Up Magnifiers
Sightmark 7X Tactical Magnifier Pro
•Objective Lens = 32 mm
•Eye Relief = 53 mm (2.1”)
•FOV = 3.3 degrees (17.8’)
•Slide to Side Mount
•Multicoated Optics
•Reticle Alignment Adj.
$139 7x
$108 5x
$89 3x
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Flip Up Magnifiers
Vortex Optics VMX-3T Magnifier with Built-in Flip Mount
•Push-button Disengagement
•Fully Multicoated
•Eye Relief 3.25”
•FOV 38.2’
•Red Dot Centering Screws
•Co-witness with Iron Sights $199
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Summary
Rifle Red Dots
•Go Holographic 100%
•Go Green (vs Red)
•Consider Adding 3x or 6x Flip Up Magnifier
•Tubular or Hooded Reflex
•Consider Co-Witness
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