richard close four stroke engine parts and trouble shooting storyboard v7

Four-‐stroke Engines: Cycles, Parts and Troubleshoo;ng

Richard C. Close Masters Instruc;onal Design and Technology

Full Sail University Date:

12/16/14 17:46 2014

NOTE: This is a DRAFT, images

Date: 12/16/14 17:46

Green track = Course flow Red track = Knowledge check Black track = naviga;on links

Name: Four Stroke Engines – Cycles, Parts and Troubleshoo;ng

Module: Four Stroke Home Page

Slide # 1.0 Date: 12/16/14 17:46

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Welcome to our lesson on Four Stroke engines, cycles, parts and troubleshoo;ng.

Media Informa;on Naviga;on Informa;on

1.  Anima;on on ;tle entry 2.  Audio Four stroke lawnmower starts and stalls a]er narra;ve

No bu^on Auto page advance with end of sound clip

Name: Four Stroke Engines – Parts and Troubleshoo;ng

Module: Four Stroke Credit Page

Slide # 1.2 Date: 12/16/14 17:46

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Links for credits when appropriate. NEXT: go to menu page 1.1

next


Module: Main Menu Slide # 1.1 Date: 12/16/14 17:46

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OK not all four-‐stroke engines sound like a 485 Farrari, however the same four stroke engineering of your lawnmower is in the soul of the Farrari. Welcome to our introduc;on to the four stroke engine, cycles, parts and troubleshoo;ng. This course consists of three short modules followed by a test. If you are already familiar with four stroke engines, parts and troubleshoo;ng, feel free to test out. You must receive and 85% to test out of this lesson. If you are taking this to look up a piece of informa;on you will be allowed to jump around to review or explore the features of four stroke engines.


Movie is a an anima;on GIF of the four stroke cycle Sound clip starts at the same ;me as GIF anima;on A]er Narra;on stops so does GIF Student can link to topics of interest or hit next Note: This is the page the “menu bu^on” links to

Next Bu^on to page 2.0 Hyper links to: Four Cycles to page 2.0

Four Cycles Puzzle page 2.x Engine Parts to page 3.0

Engine parts Puzzle page 3.x Trouble Shoo;ng to page 4.0

Trouble Shoo;ng Plugs Puzzle page 4.x Test to page 5.0


Module: Four Strokes -‐ Introduc;on

Slide: 2.0 Date: 12/16/14 17:46

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Four stroke engines are gas engines that create power through four stroke cycles. Each stroke is marked by a series of parts that must be ;med to work in an exact sequence. That sequence is: 1.  Intake 2.  Compression 3.  Power and 4.  Exhaust.


Anima;on GIF of engine Intake shape ;med with intake phase of anima;on Compression shape ;med with compression cycle of anima;on Power shape ;med with power cycle of anima;on Exhaust shape ;med with exhaust cycle of anima;on

NEXT: Linked to page 2.1 MENU: Link to page 1.1 BACK: Link to page 2.0


Module: Four Strokes -‐ Intake

Page: 2.1 Date: 12/16/14 17:46

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Fundamentally, four-‐stroke engines setup a controlled explosion in the cylinder and then diverts the energy from the explosion to keep the engine running and then delivers spinning power for whatever use we want. The four cycles: Take fuel in, compress it, explode it and then push the waste out all by various parts using the energy from the explosion. This must be done with perfect ;ming and thousands of revolu;ons per minute. In the Intake cycle (or stroke), the piston moves down to pull gas vapors into the cylinder.


Image is a s;ll Narra;ve in sync with step down anima;on (appear) points



Module: Four Strokes -‐ Compression

Page: 2.2 Date: 12/16/14 17:46

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The Gas and Air in cylinder are already explosive however the piston moves back up to compress it to the point it is ready to explode. The spinning of Crank Sha] drives the ;ming of the en;re four stroke process. When you turn on the car starter it starts the spinning of the crank sha] and the ;ming of four stroke cycles.





Module: Four Strokes -‐ Power

Page: 2.3 Date: 12/16/14 17:46

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When gas air vapor is at it’s highest pressure the ;ming of the engine delivers a spark for the explosion. This is also called an igni;on stroke. This is called the power stroke, because the parts of the engine transfer the power of the explosion into the spinning of the crank sha] that sends the forces through the drive-‐train to the car’s wheels. We will see later in this course that how your spark plug wears can be the best diagnos;c tool for how your engine is performing. From this stroke we can see why keeping an engine properly lubricated and cooled is cri;cal to engine life and performance.





Module: Four Strokes -‐ Exhaust

Page: 2.4 Date: 12/16/14 17:46

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Once the engine has absorbed the explosion’s power it must push out the wasted gas (exhaust) and then set the engine up for the intake cycle. Note that the spinning of the crank sha] makes the ;ming of all four strokes of the piston iden;cal. Also note that there are two sets of downward and upward strokes of the cycle for two different purposes. 1.  The downward strokes are for intake and

power. 2.  The upward strokes are for compression

and exhaust. So to complete four strokes it takes only two revolu;ons of the cranksha]. Simple yet brilliant engineering.





Module: Four Strokes -‐ Puzzle

Page: 2.5 Date: 12/16/14 17:46

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Here are all four strokes. Place the right name under the right stroke. When you finish this you will move onto learning the part names involved in each stroke.


Simple overlay non graded quiz Mistakes have an op;on to link back to that page for review Unlimited chances to pass Reset bu^on for this page only When they get 100% there is a dragster sound and to next page Failure provided motor stalling sound.



Module: Parts -‐ Parts Introduc;on

Page: 3.0

Date: 12/16/14 17:46

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The trick to four stroke engines is the ;ming and condi;on of all the running parts. Understanding the names of the parts involved in each stroke will help you in the assembly of the engine and in the diagnosing of problems. Let’s breakdown the parts by their purpose in detail. You can explore and review this sec;on by following the links or simply click the NEXT bu^on.


Image is a s;ll (This image is for placement only) Bullet points step down with narra;ve. Links allow explora;on of different pages

NEXT: Linked to page 3.1 MENU: Link to page 1.1


Module: Parts -‐ Intake

Page: 3.1 Date: 12/16/14 17:46

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To start any explosion we must first “intake” fuel and air. The carburetor mixes gas and air into a vapor. The rota;ng cam pushes an intake valve open to let the gas vapor into the cylinder. The Piston with its rings against the cylinder wall is pulled down by the rota;ng crank sha]. This pulls the gas vapor into the cylinder.


Image is a s;ll (This image is for placement only) Bullet points step down with narra;ve. Links allow explora;on of different pages Objec;ve is to learn parts in rela;onship to one another’s purpose.



Module: Parts -‐ Compression

Page: 3.2 Date: 12/16/14 17:46

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We know gas and air is explosive but not explosive enough. Let’s build up some pressure. The rota;ng cam releases the intake value so the value spring shuts it ;ght. The exhaust value is also ;ght. Spring pulls closed and cam pushes open. Now the engine’s spinning crank sha] pushes the piston rod up forcing the piston rings to create pressure on the gas un;l it is ready to explode. The Piston also has an oil ring that uses oil to make a ;ght seal and lubricates the hot cylinder walls so fric;on does not melt metal making the engine freeze or seize.





Module: Parts -‐ Power

Page: 3.4 Date: 12/16/14 17:46

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Now that we have pressure on the gas vapor all we need is a small spark for an explosion. Timing is everything. When the engine’s crank sha] has the piston at the top of its cycle and pressure is most intense the spark plug’s igni;on system is ;med to ignite it. You can see ;ming is cri;cal the rota;ng cam must have released the values so the spring holds them shut. The crank sha] must have the piston all the way up and ready to spin back down. If the ;ming is off, we have big problems. Bang we have a explosion, the vapor instantly expands forcing piston down making the piston rod spin the crank sha].





Module: Parts -‐ Exhaust

Page: 3.5 Date: 12/16/14 17:46

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The exploded vapor filled cylinder is now useless and must be forced out with the iden;cal speed as the intake and power cycles. Again it is all in the ;ming. The spinning value cam now pushes the exhaust value open. The con;nued forces from the spinning cranksha] from the energy of the power stroke keeps the cranksha] turning.


Image is a s;ll (This image is for placement only) Bullet points step down with narra;ve. Links allow explora;on of different pages Objec;ve is to learn parts in rela;onship to one another’s purpose. Harley Sound clips:h^p://www.sscycle.com/media/muffler-‐sounds/



Module: Parts -‐ Puzzle

Page: 3.6 Date: 12/16/14 17:46

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Simple overlay non graded quiz Mistakes have an op;on to link back to that page for review Unlimited chances to pass Reset bu^on for this page only When the get 100% Dragster sound and to next page Failure provided motor stalling sound.



Module: Trouble Shoo;ng -‐ Introduc;on

Page: 4.0 Date: 12/16/14 17:46

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Spark plugs can tell you a lot about what is going on inside an engine. By analyzing the color, gap and deposits found on the firing end of a plug, you can determine the overall “health” of an engine and diagnose its problems. Explore the common symptoms, causes and remedies for four stroke engines by observing how spark plugs react to the inner workings of your engine. Spark plugs should be checked yearly, and replaced whenever needed. When you do change them you can spot engine problems before serious or fatal engine damage takes place.


Anima;on: 1.  Links step down with narra;ve 2.  Clouds image apear with narra;ve Bullets link to their pages so student can explore

NEXT: Linked to page 4.1 MENU: Link to page 1.1 NEXT bu^on takes them through the sequence of the course.


Module: Trouble Shoo;ng -‐ Introduc;on

Page: 4.1 Date: 12/16/14 17:46

Screen Shot 2014-‐12-‐15 at 9.06.25 AM

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Right temperature, size and placement of igni;on is cri;cal. This is why they build hot and cold spark plugs -‐ a longer insulator ;p makes the plug ho^er and short insulators run cooler. The spark plug is the best diagnos;cs tool showing your engine is burning fuel and mechanically opera;ng. All parts of the engine react to one another and must be func;oning properly. When something is off or worn like ;ming or piston rings, the spark plug is the first to know about it. Lets look at a few common issues we can diagnose from looking at a spark plug.


S;ll image Anima;on Ligh;ng bolts wrap in with narra;ve Objec;ve: To learn about the importance of temperature and engine wear.


h^p://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Spark_plugheat.svg/2000px-‐Spark_plug_heat.svg.png


Module: Trouble Shoo;ng -‐ Normal

Page: 4.2 Date: 12/16/14 17:46

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Spark plug takes a fair amount of abuse. Here we see a normal one. You can see it is in good shape and clean. Look for Symptoms or Engine Grayish-‐tan to white color is what we want For Trouble Shoo;ng No Trouble. Correct heat and cylinder is healthy Remedy Simply Replace them on schedule


Anima;on: boxes apear in sync with narra;on Objec;ve: To iden;fy a properly worn spark plug Develop a methodical approach to diagnosing engine problems



Module: Trouble Shoo;ng -‐ Oil Fouled

Page: 4.4 Date: 12/16/14 17:46

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This another common looking plug in an older or high millage cars that is burning a lot of oil. This is another plug you do not want to see in your car. Chances are you changing the plug to see why it is smoking in the morning. There may be a number of reasons that will need to be checked. Look for Symptoms or Engine Hard star;ng, Misfiring, Black exhaust smoke For cause Rich mixture, Retarded igni;on, Low compression, Too cold spark plug Remedy Check: Float level, choke, igni;on ;ming, air cleaner, compression, replace plug with right heat


S;ll image (Image on white background) Anima;on: boxes apear in sync with narra;on Objec;ve: To iden;fy the symptoms of worn engine parts and poor maintenance Develop a methodical approach to diagnosing engine problems



Module: Trouble Shoo;ng -‐ Overheated

Page: 4.5 Date

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Chances are you are looking at this plug because of the symptoms. It’s embarrassing on a date to turn the car off and it is s;ll running then dies with a clunk. Again, there may be a number of reason that will need to be checked. Look for Symptoms or Engine “Pinking” under accelera;on or climbing hills, Engine run-‐on a]er switch off Cause Lean mixture, Advanced igni;on ;ming, Too hot a spark plug Remedy Check: jets are not clogged, float level, igni;on ;ming. Replace sparkplug with correct heat range


S;ll image(Image on white background) Anima;on: boxes apear in sync with narra;on Objec;ve: To iden;fy the symptoms of worn engine parts and poor maintenance Develop a methodical approach to diagnosing engine problems



Module: Trouble Shoo;ng -‐ Damaged

Page: 4.6 Date

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A plug like this means serious damage and engine noise. This cylinder is not firing with this kind of damage. If you are holding this plug in your hand you have a lot of work ahead of you. Again, there may be a number of reason that will need to be checked. Look for Symptoms or Engine Misfiring, Loss of power, Hard star;ng, Noise in engine Cause Foreign par;cles inside cylinder, Broken or Damaged valve. Remedy Replace spark plugs Remove foreign or damaged components


S;ll image (Image on white background) Anima;on: boxes apear in sync with narra;on Objec;ve: To iden;fy the symptoms of worn engine parts and poor maintenance Develop a methodical approach to diagnosing engine problems Damage engine sound h^p://www.shockwave-‐sound.com/sound-‐effects/car-‐sounds/damaged%20car%20engine.wav



Module: Trouble Shoo;ng -‐ Worn

Page: 4.7 Date: 12/16/14 17:46

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Usually you see something between this an normal plug. If you are holding this plug in your hand chances are it has been a long ;me since your last tune up and the car is losing significant horse power. A very thorough tune up with oil filters and plugs all changed is in order. Look for Symptoms or Engine Misfiring, Loss of power, Hard star;ng, Noise in engine Cause Foreign par;cles inside cylinder, Broken or Damaged valve. Remedy Replace spark plugs Remove foreign or damaged components


Anima;on: boxes apear in sync with narra;on (Image on white background) Objec;ve: To iden;fy the symptoms of worn engine parts and poor maintenance Develop a methodical approach to diagnosing engine problems



Module: Four Stroke Troubleshoo;ng -‐ Puzzle

Page: 4.8 Date: 12/16/14 17:46

Narra;ve Script None

None


Simple overlay non graded quiz Mistakes have an op;on to link back to that page for review Unlimited chances to pass Reset bu^on for this page only When the get 100% Dragster sound and to next page Failure provided motor stalling sound.

NEXT: Linked to page 4.9 MENU: Link to page 1.1 BACK: Mistake link back to appropriate page 4.X


Module: Trouble Shoo;ng -‐ Worn

Page: 4.7 Date: 12/16/14 17:46

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None


No anima;on Students in class or online can return to the menu to review the material before taking the test.

MENU: Link to page 1.1 TEST: Link to page 5.0

TEST menu

CONGRATULTIONS! YOU COMPLETED THE LESSON ON FOUR STROKE ENGINES, CYCLES

PARTS AND TROUBLE SHOOTING.

We recommend you review the spark plug troubleshooPng and puzzles.

You can go back and review or move on to pass

the test. Get 85% or more for a cerPficate:


Module Test Test pages 1-‐20

Page: 5.1 -‐20 Date: 12/16/14 17:46

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Tes;ng is a self contained area like a classroom test. There is no linking back into course. In the puzzles students can link back into content. This is similar to studying for Microso] Cert. programs. NEXT: Links to next page RESET: resets page BACK allows review of test ques;ons

next back Reset

Test


Module Test Test pages 1-‐20

Page: 5.21 Date: 12/16/14 17:46

Narra;ve Script


Tes;ng is a self contained area like a classroom test. There is no linking back into course. In the puzzles students can link back into content. This is similar to studying for Microso] Cert. programs. NEXT: Links to next page RESET: resets page.

next menu

Test Results


Module: Test -‐ Cer;ficate

Page: 5.21

Date: 12/16/14 17:46

Narra;ve Script


Cer;ficate should embed name if on an LMS PRINT: Sends file to printer

Cer;ficate

PRINT

Credits

richard close four stroke engine parts and trouble shooting storyboard v7

Education

stroke engines parts

stroke cycles

stroke engines cycles

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stroke engines setup

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