rich d etector for the eic’ s f orward r egion p article i dentification (rd2013-4) f. barbosa, w....
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RICH DETECTOR FOR THE EIC’S FORWARD REGION
PARTICLE IDENTIFICATION (RD2013-4)
F. Barbosa, W. Brooks, M. Contalbrigo, A. Datta, M. Demarteau,J.M. Durham, D. Fields, X. He, H.van Hecke(co-PI), J. Huang,
M. Liu, J. McKisson, Y. Qiang(co-PI), P. Rossi, M. Sarsour,R. Wagner, W. Xi, L. Xue, Z. Zhao, C. Zorn
an EIC R&D Proposal – July 21, 2014
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EIC R&D RD2013-4 EIC-RICH Yi Qiang 2
Changes from Previous Proposal
More collaboration institutions
Refined research goals
Complete list of manpower devoted to the project
… The proponents are highly accomplished and respected members of the community with the relevant experience to execute the work proposed. … Each proposing institution is a National Lab with significant technical resources and personpower, however the amount of personpower that can be assigned to carry out this work, beyond the personpower requested, is absent from the proposal. … With the addition of a full accounting of the personpower available to carry out the work proposed, the Committee would welcome a resubmission of this proposal.
– Report of the EIC Detector Advisory Committee
7/21/2014
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EIC R&D RD2013-4 EIC-RICH Yi Qiang 3
Overview
Motivation for a RICH detector
Choice of technologies
An exploratory two-year plan
Budget request and summary
7/21/2014
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EIC R&D RD2013-4 EIC-RICH Yi Qiang 4
EIC PID Requirements
• Very rich physics program:◦ Nucleon tomography and spin
structure
◦ Quark hadronization
◦ Spectroscopy
◦ Many more …
7/21/2014
• Dedicated EIC machine and spectrometer◦ Hermetic detector system
◦ Large momentum range
◦ Multi-particle detection in final states
Chere
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Magnet
RIC
H D
ete
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EM
Calo
rim
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EM
Calo
rim
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r Barrel EM Calorimeter
Tracking
9 m
TOF/DIRC
Ionbeam
electronbeam
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EIC R&D RD2013-4 EIC-RICH Yi Qiang 5
Hadron Identification in SIDIS
• Semi-Inclusive Deep-Inelastic Scattering (SIDIS)◦ Golden channel to study spin-orbital correlation through transverse
momentum-dependent parton distributions (TMDs)
• K/π identification in Forward(Backward) region:◦ 0 – 15 GeV, 4-σ separation
7/21/2014
K/π ratio
Forward
Backward
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EIC R&D RD2013-4 EIC-RICH Yi Qiang 6
Choice of Technologies
• Multiple technologies are needed
• 0 – 3 GeV: Time-of-flight
• 3 – 10 GeV: Aerogel RICH (Used in HERMES, LHCb, AMS, BELLE …)
7/21/2014
• 10 – 15 GeV: heavy gas
◦ C4F10/C4F8O RICH
▪ good light yield
◦ CF4 threshold
counter
▪ needs aerogel to veto protons
▪ can cover much higher range as RICH
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EIC R&D RD2013-4 EIC-RICH Yi Qiang 7
Dual Radiator Concepts
• MEIC design geometry constraint: ~150 cm length
• Focusing RICH◦ Aerogel RICH: 3 – 10 GeV
◦ C4F10: 10 – 20 GeV
◦ Focused by a Fresnel lens
▪ absorbs scattered UV lights
◦ Readout resolution: < 2 mm
• Proximity Focusing◦ Aerogel RICH: 3 – 10 GeV
◦ CF4 threshold counter: 8 – 17 GeV
▪ signals from readout window mixed with photons from CF4
◦ Readout resolution: < 4 mm
7/21/2014
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EIC R&D RD2013-4 EIC-RICH Yi Qiang 8
Modular Concept
• Focusing aerogel RICH
◦ Compact size
▪ 10 ~ 20 thick, fits the eRHIC design
◦ Single aerogel radiator
▪ covers 3 – 10 GeV
▪ needs to be paired with another gas RICH (e.g. RD6)
◦ Focusing Fresnel lens
◦ Readout resolution: < 0.5 mm
• Modular design
◦ Can be tiled to cover different geometries for various experiments
7/21/2014
Aerogel
10 ~ 20 cm
Lens Photosensor
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EIC R&D RD2013-4 EIC-RICH Yi Qiang 9
Status of Aerogel Development• Aerogel strongly scatters UV lights
• Major developing groups
◦ Novosibirsk, Russia – hydrophilic
◦ Chiba, Japan – Hydrophobic
◦ Aspen, US
• Slowly being improved
◦ Russia – more stable
◦ Japan – needs more tuning
7/21/2014
Transmittance: Scattering length:
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EIC R&D RD2013-4 EIC-RICH Yi Qiang 10
MCP-based LAPPD
7/21/2014
ALD MCP1.2 mm20 μm pore
large area photocathode
vacuum transfer system
transmission line readout
15 GS/s waveformsampling DAQ
20×20 cm2
6×6 cm2
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EIC R&D RD2013-4 EIC-RICH Yi Qiang 11
TOF Coverage using LAPPD
• Excellent time resolution provides additional PID coverage for low momentum
◦ Single photon time resolution < 44 ps
◦ Cherenkov lights from both radiators and window glass
7/21/2014
Expected TOF resolution ~ 20 ps
4-σ separation up
to 4 GeV
−−− K/π−−− K/p
time (ns)
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EIC R&D RD2013-4 EIC-RICH Yi Qiang 12
GEM-based Readout
• Photosensitive GEM◦ Good position resolution for
modular RICH design
◦ CsI-coated GEM detector developed for hadron blinded-detector (HBD) and gas RICH (RD6)
▪ CsI only sensitive to UV light, not suitable for aerogel
◦ Bi-alkali coating possible, very sensitive to operating gas – development needed
• Promising group of III-V semiconductor materials◦ Tunable wavelength range
◦ Stable in air
◦ May also be applied to LAPPD !7/21/2014
… … … …
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EIC R&D RD2013-4 EIC-RICH Yi Qiang 13
Center for High Tech Materials at UNM
7/21/2014
crystal growth – MBE system
first samples received!
current seen !
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EIC R&D RD2013-4 EIC-RICH Yi Qiang 14
Goal and Major Tasks
• An exploratory two-year project
◦ Determine the optimal detector technology and provide a conceptual
design of a RICH detector for the EIC
7/21/2014
EIC
-RIC
H
Detector simulation
Study of MCP-based LAPPD
Development of photosensitive GEM readout
Selection of aerogel tiles
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EIC R&D RD2013-4 EIC-RICH Yi Qiang 15
Detector Simulation
• Goals
◦ Obtain requirements on various components of the RICH detector in a realistic EIC environment
◦ Aid the development of the conceptual design
• Participants – 1.3 FTE
◦ JLab: one postdoc (25%), Yi Qiang (10%)
◦ GSU: Liang Xue (25%), one graduate student (50%)
◦ JLab/ODU: Zhiwen Zhao (10%)
◦ BNL: Jin Huang (10%)
• Remarks
◦ Use existing MEIC-GEMC framework with author’s support
7/21/2014
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EIC R&D RD2013-4 EIC-RICH Yi Qiang 16
MCP-based LAPPD• Goals
◦ Investigate the applicability of LAPPD units▪ photodetection efficiency, dark rate, resolution, rate capability, radiation, field etc.
◦ Improve performance if needed▪ rate capability, readout ambiguity etc.
• Participants – 1.75/2.05 FTE
◦ JLab: one postdoc (45%), Yi Qiang (30%), Carl Zorn (20%), Fernando Barbosa (0/10%), Jack McKisson (0/10%), Wenze Xi (0/10%)
◦ ANL: Jingbo Wang (20%) and Robert Wagner (10%)
◦ UTFSM: one graduate student (50%)
• Remarks
◦ Testing facilities, radiation sources, magnets available at JLab
◦ LAPPD R&D facilities available at ANL
◦ Common interests with JLab’s GlueX-DIRC project
◦ Benefit RD2013-5 (TOF), RD2011-3 (DIRC)
7/21/2014
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EIC R&D RD2013-4 EIC-RICH Yi Qiang 17
Photosensitive GEM
• Goals
◦ Investigate and tuning the performance of different photocathode materials: semiconductor, bi-alkali
◦ Determine the feasibility of applying these photocathode on GEM and LAPPD
• Participants – 1.8 FTE
◦ UNM: one postdoc (50%), one graduate student (100%), Douglas Fields (10%)
◦ LANL: Hubert van Hecke (10%), Matt Durham (10%)
• Remarks
◦ Dedicated crystal growth facilities available at UNM’s CHTM
◦ Benefit RD2013-5 (TOF)
7/21/2014
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EIC R&D RD2013-4 EIC-RICH Yi Qiang 18
Aerogel Tiles
• Goal
◦ Working closely with different aerogel research groups, Novosibirsk,
Chiba, Aspen etc. to choose the optimal aerogel tiles for the EIC RICH
detector
• Participants – 0.7 FTE
◦ JLab: one postdoc (30%), two summer students (20%), Yi Qiang (10%)
◦ INFN: Marco Contalbrigo (10%)
• Remarks
◦ EIC-RICH project will motivate continuing research on aerogel with
good optical qualities
7/21/2014
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EIC R&D RD2013-4 EIC-RICH Yi Qiang 19
Summary of Manpower and Cost
7/21/2014
Task Simulation LAPPD GEM Aerogel
InstitutionsJLab, GSU, BNL,
ODUJLab, ANL, UTFSM LANL, UNM JLab, INFN
Staff/Prof.Qiang (0.1), Huang (0.1)
Qiang (0.3),Zorn (0.2),
Barbosa (0/0.1),McKisson (0/0.1),
Xi (0/0.1),Wagner (0.1),
Wang (0.2)
van Hecke(0.1),Durham (0.1),
Fields (0.1)
Qiang (0.1),Contalbrigo
(0.1)
PostdocZhao (0.1), JLab
(0.25), Xue (0.25) JLab (0.2+0.25) UNM (0.5) JLab (0.3)
Student GSU (0.5) UTFSM (0.5) UNM (1) JLab (0.2)
Total Labor 1.3 FTE 1.75/2.05 FTE 1.8 FTE 0.7 FTE
Labor Cost $ 55k / 55k $ 25k / 25k $ 69k / 69k $ 30k / 30k
MS & Equip $ 4k / 0 $ 30k / 25k $ 20k / 15k $ 40k / 10k
Travel $ 6k / 6k $ 20k / 20k $ 5k / 5k $ 5k / 5k
Subtotal $ 65k / 61k $ 75k / 70k $ 94k / 89k $ 75k / 45k
blue – supported by research, operations or other sourcesbold – Leading personnel
Total Cost: $ 309k / 265kOverhead included (year 1/year 2)
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EIC R&D RD2013-4 EIC-RICH Yi Qiang 20
Summary
7/21/2014
• An aerogel-based RICH detector is proposed to provide necessary hadron identification in the EIC’s forward region
• A two-year joint effort is planned to investigate various technologies, find optimal solution and provide a conceptual design for such a detector
◦ Two design options will be evaluated: dual-radiator RICH for maximum coverage and modular aerogel RICH for maximum flexibility
◦ Two economical novel readout options will be studied: MCP-based LAPPD and GEM-based readout
• The success of the project will become the base of the development of an EIC-RICH prototype
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EIC R&D RD2013-4 EIC-RICH Yi Qiang 21
Backup Slides
7/21/2014
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EIC R&D RD2013-4 EIC-RICH Yi Qiang 22
Options for Readout
MaPMT SiPM MCP-PMT GEM
Cost ~ $1M/m2 ~ $1M/m2 Low Low
Position resolution ~ mm ~ mm ~ mm ~100 µm
Time resolution fair good very good poor
Dark rate low high low ? fair
Single photon detection fair good fair ? poor
Rate capability good good fair ? good
Radiation hardness good poor good ? good
Field sensitivity poor very good fair ? good
7/21/2014
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EIC R&D RD2013-4 EIC-RICH Yi Qiang 23
Budget (overhead included)
• Most of the staff time is covered by Lab’s research funding or base operation
7/21/2014
Task FY2015 FY2016
Simulation $65k $61k
LAPPD $75k $70k
GEM $94k $89k
Aerogel $75k $45k
Total $309k $265k
Institution FY2015 FY2016
JLab $137k $100k
LANL $25k $20k
ANL $25k $25k
INFN $5k $5k
BNL $2k $2k
UNM $69k $69k
GSU $34k $34k
UTFSM $10k $10k
ODU/JLab $2k $0
Total $309k $265k
By tasks
By institutions
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EIC R&D RD2013-4 EIC-RICH Yi Qiang 24
ALD Functionalized MCP
7/21/2014
micro-channel plate (MCP)
Conventional Pb-glass MCP
single material (Pb-glass): • higher cost• fragile
• limited lifetime
glass substrate + functionalized
ALD layers
Glass Substrate by INCOMBorosilicate, 20 μm pores
1 mm thick
atomic layer deposition (ALD)
ResistiveLayer
ConductiveLayer
EmissiveLayer
• good performance
• lower cost• longer lifetime
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EIC R&D RD2013-4 EIC-RICH Yi Qiang 25
Solution to Forward PID
• Multiple radiators are needed to cover the broad kinematic range
◦ TOF + high-n radiator (aerogel) + low-n radiator (gas)
◦ Can we combine them into one detector?
7/21/2014
SIDIS Event Efficiency
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EIC R&D RD2013-4 EIC-RICH Yi Qiang 26
Background rate in ALD-MCP
• Background rate of a 33 mm
ALD-MCP with 20 μm pores
and 1.2 mm thickness
measured at 7×106 gain
◦ 33 mm diameter
◦ 20 μm pores, 1.2 mm thickness
◦ 0.84 counts/cm2/s, comparable
with comic ray
• More test needed for full
assembly with photocathode
7/21/2014
Background hits over 3000 s
33 mm
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EIC R&D RD2013-4 EIC-RICH Yi Qiang 27
Magnetic Field Tolerance of MCPs
7/21/2014
Typical field response of Hamamatsu MCP-PMTs
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EIC R&D RD2013-4 EIC-RICH Yi Qiang 28
Gain of MCP with different rates
Measurement of an older 10 μm pore ALD-MCP with MgO emission layer
7/21/2014
Performance of Hamamatsu MCP-PMTs106 gain → 300 kHz/cm2 – 15 MHz/cm2
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EIC R&D RD2013-4 EIC-RICH Yi Qiang 29
Lifetime of ALD-MCPs
• Significant improvement with preconditioning over traditional MCPs
◦ Possibility due to cleaner glass substrate with much less contamination to create ion backflow
7/21/2014
Conventional MCPs
ALD-MCP
Lifetime of an older ALD-MCP pair
(20 μm pore, MgO emission layer,
60:1 L/d, 8○ bias) compared with
conventional MCPs
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EIC R&D RD2013-4 EIC-RICH Yi Qiang 30
Characterizating Aerogel Tiles
7/21/2014
Thickness mapping Spectrophotometer as light source
Prism method for chromatic dispersion Gradient method for uniformity
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EIC R&D RD2013-4 EIC-RICH Yi Qiang 31
Ring Images in Modular Design
7/21/2014
Normal Incident Off-center Incident Tilted Incident
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EIC R&D RD2013-4 EIC-RICH Yi Qiang 32
Dual-Radiator RICH Simulation
7/21/2014
Simulation in GlueX Environment
Cherenkov hits from 3 cm aerogel Cherenkov hits from 40 cm C4F10 and 0.5 mm glass
5 GeV pions
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EIC R&D RD2013-4 EIC-RICH Yi Qiang
EIC Data Flow
Event GeneratorModel Simulation
(GEMC)Smearing
Calibration
CookedData
Reconstruction(JANA)
Text file(LUND)
RawData
DetectorPhysics
EVIOEVIO
EVIOEVIO
EVIO
Analysis
EVIO
33
dual-solenoid in common cryostat4 m coil
EM
calo
rim
ete
r
e/π
th
resh
old
Ch
ere
nkov
RICH
EM calorimeter
EM
calo
rim
ete
r
barrel DIRC + TOF
(top view)
2 m deep1 m deep
3 m
5 m3 m
Si-pixel vertex +
diskscentral tracker
forward tracker
forward tracker
Coil
wall
7/21/2014