rice stink bug management : a program in transition michael stout, bryce blackman, jason hamm &...
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Rice Stink Bug Management:
A program in transition
Michael Stout, Bryce Blackman, Jason Hamm & Natalie Hummel
Life Cycle and Biology• Adults begin overwintering in October and
emerge from overwintering in March/April• Populations in spring and early summer build
up on alternate grass hosts
SprangletopSignalgrass
Crabgrass
Barnyard grass
Life Cycle and Biology• Females lay rows of 20-30 eggs • Laid over 900 in lab tests • Eggs turn black as they age
Life Cycle and Biology• Nymphs hatch in 4-11 daysNymphs hatch in 4-11 days• Five instars before adulthoodFive instars before adulthood
Life Cycle and Biology• Adults and nymphs suck fluid from Adults and nymphs suck fluid from
developing grainsdeveloping grains
Economic ImportanceEconomic Importance• Potential for yield lossesPotential for yield losses• Feeding introduces fungi that causes peckFeeding introduces fungi that causes peck• Leads to discoloration and broken kernelsLeads to discoloration and broken kernels• Reduces grade and overall value of grainReduces grade and overall value of grain
Current Research Information System
Item No. 1 of 1 ACCESSION NO: 0219171 SUBFILE: CRIS PROJ NO: LAB03993 AGENCY: NIFA LA.B PROJ TYPE: SPECIAL GRANT PROJ STATUS: NEW CONTRACT/GRANT/AGREEMENT NO: 2009-34103-20018 PROPOSAL NO: 2009-00835 START: 01 SEP 2009 TERM: 31 AUG 2012 FY: 2009 GRANT YR: 2009 GRANT AMT: $60,898 INVESTIGATOR: Stout, M.; Hummel, N.; Groth, D.; Machtmes, K.; Bernhardt, J.; Tindall, K.; Way, M. PERFORMING INSTITUTION: Entomology LOUISIANA STATE UNIVERSITY BATON ROUGE, LOUISIANA 70893 REVISING MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS FOR THE RICE STINK BUG IN SOUTHERN RICE
Survey work – Dr. Hummel
Insecticide used to control rice stink bug in
2009 in Louisiana and Texas
Percentage (%)
LA
Percentage (%)
TX
Malathion57% EC 29 8
Sevin 80S 0 0
Sevin 4F 0 0
Methyl 4 EC 19 36
KarateZ 67 48
Mustang Max 38 56
Prolex 3 0
Proaxis 0 0
Tenchu 20SG 1 40
Other 0 12
Components of a RSB management program
• Scouting and population monitoring• Thresholds for insecticide applications• Insecticide applications• Alternative management tactics
For each component of the RSB management program…
• What is the current practice?• What are the weaknesses of the current
practice?• What are we doing about it?• What should we be doing about it?
Components of a RSB Management Program
• Scouting:
• Thresholds:
• Insecticides:
• Alternatives to insecticides:
Scouting / population monitoringScouting / population monitoring
• Begin at 50 – 75% headingBegin at 50 – 75% heading• Sweep net -- 15 inch diameterSweep net -- 15 inch diameter• 180˚ every step, at least 10 sweeps at 10 180˚ every step, at least 10 sweeps at 10
locationslocations
What are the weaknesses of this scouting method?
• Standardization / consistency among samplers
• Labor intensive• How efficient?
Description:Dr. Roger Leonard demonstrates how to effectively use a sweep net in a soybean field for insect scouting.Primary Audience:GeneralResource Updated:5/4/2010 8:52:14 AM
File TypeUsing a Sweep Net-Dial-Up WMVUsing a Sweep Net-Broadband WMVTo save, right click on file
and select "Save Target As..."
Using a Sweep Net for Insect Scouting
Number of RSB “seeded” in 20 ft plot
Num
ber o
f RSB
reca
ptur
ed
% Response
6040
5248
4456
67 33
0 100100 5050 7575 2525
Methyl Salicylate
Caryophyllene
Linalool
Limonene
Control
* P < 0.05
Control
Control
Control
*
Odor Source
Prospective Technology
• Electronic nose– Handheld volatile analysis computer– Tested on stink bugs in cotton
Components of a RSB Management Program
• Scouting: Extension efforts to standardize sampling methods; research on attractants
• Thresholds:
• Insecticides:
• Alternatives to insecticides:
Components of a RSB Management Program
• Scouting: Extension efforts to standardize sampling methods; research on
attractants
• Thresholds:
• Insecticides:
• Alternatives to insecticides:
Current Thresholds
• First two weeks of heading: 3 bugs per 10 sweeps (30 per 100)
• After first two weeks: 10 bugs per 10 sweeps (100 per 100)
Potential weaknesses of these thresholds
• Origin of thresholds unknown; has not been updated for 25+ years to account for new varieties, etc
• Thresholds in TX recently increased• Growers satisfied with thresholds, but are
we spraying too much?• Thresholds for different varieties, ratoon?
RSB Cage Study
• 2010- Four replications
• Cages infested with RSB at 50-75% heading
• Cages removed after 11 days
• Plots sprayed biweekly thereafter until grain hardening
RSB Cage Study
• Treatments: 0, 1, 2, 5, or 10 stink bugs per 6.67 sq ft cage
• Corresponds (roughly) to 0.8, 1.6, 4, and 8 x threshold
RSB Cage Study
• 2010-Cage Study Yield (grams)
Rep 1 Rep 2 Rep 3
0 358.14 606.61 446.15
1 392.55 422.85 461.26
2 444.67 555.22 397.53
5 451.06 537.82 437.50
10 472.83 581.68 468.79
Components of a RSB Management Program
• Scouting: Extension efforts to standardize sampling methods; research on
attractants
• Thresholds: Revise thresholds
• Insecticides:
• Alternatives to insecticides:
Components of a RSB Management Program
• Scouting: Extension efforts to standardize sampling methods; research on
attractants
• Thresholds: Revise thresholds
• Insecticides:
• Alternatives to insecticides:
Currently registered insecticidesCurrently registered insecticides
• Pyrethroids (Karate, Mustang Max, Pyrethroids (Karate, Mustang Max, Declare, Prolex)Declare, Prolex)
• Organophosphates (malathion, methyl Organophosphates (malathion, methyl parathion)parathion)
• Sevin (carbaryl)Sevin (carbaryl)• Neonicotinoids (dinotefuran – Section 18 Neonicotinoids (dinotefuran – Section 18
in Texas)in Texas)
What are the shortcomings of our current arsenal of insecticides?
• Some options ineffective• Short residual activities• Loss of methyl parathion• Concerns about resistance
EPA has received requests from the registrants to voluntarily cancel all product registrations containing methyl parathion, a restricted use organophosphate insecticide and acaricide used
primarily on cotton, corn, and rice, as well as on other agricultural crops. These requests would terminate the last
methyl parathion products registered for use in the U.S., effective December 31, 2012. End-use products will not be sold after August 31, 2013, and end-use products cannot legally be
used after December 31, 2013.
Location LC50 (μg) 95% CILA 2001-2002 0.63 0.47-0.84TX 2009 1.41 0.09-98.61 Round Mott 3.51 Ganado 2.80 East Bernard 1.05 Beaumont 0.67AR 2009 0.53 0.27-0.99 LA 2009 0.86 0.61-1.23MO 2009 0.65 0.34-1.34
Location LC50 (μg) 95% CI
LA 2001-2002 0.63 0.47-0.84
Arkansas 2010 0.44 0.19-0.96
Amagon 0.20 0.01-1.29
Gus – 1st collection 0.19 0.00-0.45
John Bernhardt 0.96 0.15-20.09
Mississippi 2010 0.16 0.10-0.21
Location 1 0.19 0.09-0.27
Location 2 0.14 0.06-0.21
Missouri 2010 0.54 0.20-1.73
Wardell 0.43 0.03-2.60
Lee Farm 0.56 0.43-0.69
Marsh Farm 0.35 0.26-0.44
Louisiana 2010 0.17 0.09-0.29
Texas 2010 0.44 0.15-0.81
Beaumont 0.16 0.10-0.22
Gandado 1.55 0.93-2.25
Kendelton 0.50 N/A
Round Mott 1.79 1.24-2.57
New alternatives
• Declare, generic pyrethroids• Tenchu (dinotefuran), Section 18 submitted
for Louisiana 2011• Other neonicotinoids and pyrethroid/neonic
mixes• Some of these new products expected to
have longer residual activities, but no evidence for this yet
• Tank mixes with fungicides?
Days after treatment
0 1 2 3 4 5Ric
e st
ink
bug
adul
ts p
er 1
0 sw
eeps
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Untreated controlTenchuEndigo lowEndigo highKarateCentric
Components of a RSB Management Program
• Scouting: Extension efforts to standardize sampling methods; research on
attractants
• Thresholds: Revise thresholds
• Insecticides: Evaluate new insecticides and cooperate in registration efforts
• Alternatives to insecticides:
Components of a RSB Management Program
• Scouting: Extension efforts to standardize sampling methods; research on
attractants
• Thresholds: Revise thresholds
• Insecticides: Evaluate new insecticides and cooperate in registration efforts
• Alternatives to insecticides:
RSB vs Weed Density
RSB Variety Tolerance Trials• 2010- four experiments planted at different
times, each with 4 reps– 1CL 151, 2CL161, 3Cocodrie, 4CL 131
• Top 4 long grain varieties in 2009
– 5Neptune, 6Jupiter (replaced w/ Bengal)
• Medium grain varieties
– 7CLXL723
• Hybrid
– 8Kaybonnet and 9Lagrue
• Displayed tolerance in previous tests
RSB Variety Tolerance Trials
Components of a RSB Management Program
• Scouting: Extension efforts to standardize sampling methods; research on attractants
• Thresholds: Revise thresholds
• Insecticides: Evaluate new insecticides and cooperate in registration efforts
• Alternatives to insecticides: Host-plant resistance and cultural practices
Questions and comments: What Questions and comments: What should we be doing?should we be doing?
• Scouting video? New sampling Scouting video? New sampling approaches?approaches?
• Revise thresholds?Revise thresholds?• Evaluation of insecticides?Evaluation of insecticides?• Host-plant resistance research? Cultural Host-plant resistance research? Cultural
practices?practices?
