I

J

THE BUDDHIST GODDESS V ASUDHARA

Ratna Handurukande

In his book on Indian Buddhist iconography mainly based on the 5adhanamala and Cognate Tantric Texts of Rituals, I Benoyto�!h Bhattacharyya gives information about the Buddhist goddess Vasudhara., Bearer of Wealth or Treasure, whose worship is believed to bring great prosperity to her worshippers.

In the pantheon of the Northern Buddhists, Vasudhara figures as the con­sort of lambhala, the Buddhist god of wealth, an emanation of Dhyani Buddha Ak�obhya or Ratnasambhava.2 Vasudhara herself bears the image of either Ak�obhya or Ratnasambhava on her crown.3 However,lambhala and Vasudhara were known long before the concept of Dhyani Buddhas came into existence.4 The five Dhyani Buddhas along with their female counterparts were known in crica 300 A.D. the time of the introduction of

the Guhyasamaja tantra/' chapter one of which is entirely devoted to the formation of the Dhyani Buddha mal!9ala.(i

The SadhanamCiI[t7 which contains four short texts x describing Vasudhara and prescribing the procedure for her worship is a heterogeneous collec­tion of sadhanas or rituals for worshipping deities, composed by different authors. It is a Buddhist tantric text belonging to the branch of Mahayana called Vajrayana. Tantras, a class of texts containing esoteric teachings, are said to have been handed down from spiritual preceptors called guru to disciples in the most secret manner possible during a long period of nearly three hundred years, from the time of Asanga who is said to have flour­ished in the first half of the fourth century down to the time of Dharmakirti who probably belonged to a period between 600-650 A.D.')

Three of the four short texts dealing with the worship of Vasudhara in the Sadhanamaia called Vasudhara- sadhana'o describe her form, while the

Dhamma- Vinaya: Essays in Honour of Venerable Professor Dhammavihari (Jotiya

Dhirasekera), Sri Lanka Association for Buddhist Studies (SLABS), 2005.

Ratna Handurukande

fourth, Vasudhtirti-dhtira':lyupadesa, II gives instructions about the man­ner of reciting the dharat:ll, the mystical charm or prayer for worshipping her. These four texts are of unknown authorship.

Tibetan translations of the Vasudhara texts of the Stidhanamtila are found in the Rgyud-�grel (tantra commentary) section of the Bstan-�gyur in the Tibetan Canon.12 Translations of other texts relevant to the worship of Vasudhara included in the same section are the Arya-vasudhtira-ntima­d ha ra�'lfn, S rf-vasudhti rti-stidhana, 14 Srf-vasudha rti-stot ra, 15 S rf­vasudharti-pra':lidhtina, J(i Vasu,!ldhtiri1Jf-kalpa 17 and the Arya- vasudhtira-ntima-a�!ot tara- satakalX, the Sanskrit text and an English translation of j which is presented at the end of this paper.

Vasudhara descibed in the Siidh,?namiiliihas one face and is two-armed. In her left hand she carries a bunch of corn on a vessel showering a variety of gems, while her right hand exhibits the varada-mudra, the gesture of con­ferring boons. Yellow in complexion, Vasudhara is decked with all kinds of ornaments and garments. She is in the prime of youth and surrounded by many female friends. She bears the image of Ratnasambhava on her crown. Bhattacharyya who says that this form of Vasudhara is not generally met with in sculpture reproduces a N€palese drawing of the goddess in his book, The Indian Buddhist Iconography. He also notes that images of Vasudhara are found in Tibet but not in China.19

A representation of a one-faced and six-armed Vasudhara described by Bhattacharyya is as follows. "In the three right hands she exhibits the Namaskiira Inudra, the Varada mudrii and the ears of corn.· The first left hand has the book, the second the ears of corn, and the third on the left carries the vessel containing jewels. Her hair rises upwards in the shape of a flame. She is beautifully decked in ornaments and her expression is truly peaceful." A representation of this variety of the goddess from Nepal de­scribed as a fine spectmen of Newari art and a reproduction of a beautiful bronze image of Vasudhara in the Baroda museum are also included in Bhattacharyya's book.2()

A Nepalese metal image (c. 13th century A.D.), 10.3 cms. high, in the possession of the Museums Branch of the Archaeological Survey of India, Calcutta, has been identified by Makar Mitra as that of Vasudhara in her six-armed form, in a publication in 1986,21 which contains a Plate illustrat­ing the image.22 Mitra's description of the .goddess is as follows.

112

I

The Buddhist Goddess Vasudhara

"The single-faced and six-armed goddess is seated in the laJjtasana posture on a double-petalled lotus (visvadalapadma) the pendant right feet (sic.) being placed on another lotus. She is richly adorned with ornaments including a conspicuous crown. Of her right hands, the topmost exhibits the vandanamudra( Tathagata-vandanalnudra), the second carries the ratna- lnaiijaJi and the third, placed on the right leg, displays the varadalnudra and bears a jewel (nidhi). The topmost left hand carries a book, the middle one (broken) obviously held the ears of corn and the third, resting on the lap, carries the auspicious pot (bhadragha.ta). She bears a calm and benign facial expression. "

Commenting on the image Mitra says, "From the attributes in the six-armed Vasudhara it appears that she was not only the goddess of wealth but was also conceived as the goddess of learning. The ears of corn and the gha/a show her con­nection with abundance and prosperity and the jewel and ratnaJnaiJ J�lJi are in keeping with her conception as the goddess of wealth. The manuscript in the uppermost left hand stands for prajiiapustaka and reveals the aspect of the goddess as the embodiment of learning and knowledge Unana)."

According to Mitra, the dhyana of the six-armed form of Vasundhara is available in some manuscripts like the Vasundaroddesa (13th _14th centu­ries A.D.), Vasundhara-vratotp,7ttyavadana (18th century A.D.) and Vasundharanalna{i/ottllrasataIn (18th centry A.D.). �3

In 1990, I was able to copy by hand and make notes of copies of three manuscripts of a work called Arya-sli-vasudharaya nanJa,s/ottarasataln, two of which are kept in the M.E. Saltykov- Shchedrin State Public Library in St. Petersburg (formerly Leningrad)24 and the third in the Oriental Depart­ment of the State Library in BerIin25. The text presented here followed by a translation is based on these three manuscripts designated by me as A20.Bn.

and C�X for facilitating reference to selected variants.

Arya-srj-vasudharaya nama�tottarasata Namah�') srlvasudharayai. divyarupl surupl ca saumyarupl varaprada /

vasudharl vasudhara30 vasusrl srikari vara II 1 II

113

Ratno Hondurukande

dharaJ)i dharal)r�' dhata saral)ya bhaktivatsala I

prajfiaparamita devi prajfiasribuddhivardhani II 2 II

vidyadhari siva suk�ma santa sarvatra maq'ka I

tarul)i tarul)rn devi vidyadanesvaresvari II 3 II

bhusita bhutamata ca sarvabharanabhusita:n I . . .

durdantatrasani bhima ugra ugraparakrama II 4 II

danaparamita34 devi var�al)i divyarupini I

nidhani35 sarvamangalya kirtilak�miyasaI:tsubha3n II 5 II

dahani maranrn candi savari sarvamatrka I . . . .

krtantatrasani3X raudri3<J kaumari visvarupini II 6 II

viryaparamita devi jagadanandalocani I

tapasi ugrarupi ca rddhisiddhivaraprada II 7 II

dhanya40 pUl)ya mahabhaga41 ajita jitavikrama I

jagadekahitodyukta4:; sarp.grame43 taril)i44 subha II 8 II

k�antiparamita devi s11ini45 dhyanadhyayini4() I

padmini padmadhari47 ca47 padmam asanam asini4X II 9 II

suddharupi mahateja hemavarl)aprabhakari I

cintamal)idhari devi prajfiapustakadharil)i4<J II 1011

nidhanaku�am aruc;lhaso dhanyagaradhanapriya I

traidhatukamahas, ac;lhya52 divyabharal)abhu�il)i II 11 II

matari sarvabuddhanam ratnadhatvesvaresvari53 /

sunyatabhavini devi bhavabhavavivarjini II 12 II

vainayaki54 vineta ca sada55 klesavicchedani5n I

bhindani57 sarvamaral)arp. saptapatalaksobhal)i II 13 II

brahmal)i vedamata ca ..... 5X guhyavasini /

sarasvati visalaksi caturbrahmaviharinp<J II 14 II

tathagati maharamya vajril)i dharmadhariJ).i60 II

kamadhatvesvarinl vidya62 visvajvalagramal)9ali63 II 15 II

bodhani sarvasattvanarp.64 bodhyangakrtasekhari6S I

114

The Buddhist Goddess Vasudhara

dhyanadhimuktisampannafifi advayadvayabhavinifi7 II 16 II

sarvarthasadhani bhadra strirupafi� mitavikramafilJ darsanFo buddhamargaI,1arp na��amargapradarsani71 II 17 II

vagisvari mahasanti goptrF2 dhatri73 dhanarpdada74 I

strirupadharaI)i75 siddha yogini yoginIsvarFfi II 18 II

manohari77 mahakantF� subhaga7lJ priyadarsani I

sarthavahaIq-padr��i�() sarvatathagatatmaki II 19 II

namasHI te' stu�Q mahadevi sarvasattvarthadayani I

namas�n te divyarupi ca vasudhara namolW stu�5 te II 20 II

a��ottarasatarp nama trikale�fi yal)H7 pa�hed imam I

prapnoti niyatarp. siddhimHx ipsitarthamanoratha�HlJ II 21 II

yad ajfian�krtarp.lJ() paparp anantaryasudaruI,1amlJ' I

tat sarvarp. - k�apayaty asulJ2 smaraI,lanlJ3 namabhadrakamlJ411 22 II

athava sIlasampanna� saptajatismarolJ5 bhavet I

priyas cadeyavakyasl)(i ca rupavan priyadarsanal) II 2 3 II

viprak�atriyakule�ulJ7 adeyam upajayatel ante bhumisvararp. prapta� pascat prapta� sukhavatimlJ� II 24 II

AryasrivasudharayalJlJ nama��ottarasatarpIOO buddhabha�itarp.'o, samaptam 102 II

Translation of the Arya-srl-vasudharaya nama�tottarasata

Homage to the glorious Vasudhara. I. Divine in form, exceedingly beautiful, gentle in manner, giver of boons,

possessor of wealth, bearer of treasures, resplendent with riches, radi­ating lustre, noble,

2. bearer, supporter, creator, yielder of refuge, devotedly pious, goddess of the perfection of wisdom, one who increases wisdom, prosperity and intellect,

3. blessed with learning, benign, subtle, calm, a mother at all places, young and youthful, a goddess presiding over knowledge, liberality and lord­ship,

4. adorned, the mother of beings, embellished with all ornaments, fright­·ening the ill-tamed, formidable, fearful, ferociously powelful,

5. the goddess of the perfection of generosity, raining (riches), bearing a divine form, possessing treasures and all blessings, endowed with re-

115

Ratnc[ Handurukollde'P:: -----------------------------------

nown, wealth, fame and splendour, 6. scorching, slaying, violent, savage, the mother of all (beings), terrLfy­

ing the god of death, fierce, youthful, bearing all forms, 7. the goddess of the perfection of effort, possessing eyes that bring hap­

piness to the world, an ascetic fierce in form, granting power, success and boons,

8. opulent, virtuous, fortunate, invincible, winner of prowess, solely con­cerned with the welfare of the world, a capable saviour in battles,

9. the goddess of the perfection of patience, pious, absorbed in religious meditation. possessing a lotus, holding a lotus, seated on a lotus seat,

10. pure in form, great in majesty, emanating a radiance of the colour of gold, the goddess bearing the gem that gratifies all desires, carrying the book of wisdom,

II. she who has ascended the peak of a treasure, attached to the riches in a treasury of wealth, powerful in the three worlds, affluent, adorned with divine ornaments,

12. the mother of all Buddhas, a mistress presiding over the sphere of wealth, the goddess meditating on emptiness avoiding the states of existence and non-existence,

13. a leader, a guide, always destroying defilements, shattering all obsta­cles, causing agitation in the seven nether regions,

14. belonging to the brahman caste, the mother of the veda scripures, ... the goddes of speech, large-eyed, practising the four sublime states,

I S. a female Buddha, most pleasing, bearing the vajra thunderbolt, prac­tising the Law, goddess of the sphere of desire, (goddess of) learning, possessing an excellent circle of all-pervading light,

16. enlightening all beings, bearing the factors of enlightenment as a dia­dem, endowed with contemplation and zealous application, conscious of the non-duality of what is non-dual,

17. promoting the welfare of all, good, bearing the form of a female, walk­ing with measured steps, showing the path of the Awakened, pointing OLit the way to those who have lost track,

18. goddess of speech, most tranquil, protector, creator, giver of wealth, bearer of a female form, possessing super-natural power, a contempla­tive saint, a queen among ascetics,

19. attractive, lustrous, charming, lovely to look at, casting a compassion­ate eye on merchants, blessed with the character of all Buddhas.

20. Homage to you, great goddess w'ho grants the needs of all beings. Hom­

age to you of divine form. Homage to. you, Vasudhara,. the bearer of

1 16

2

2

s

The Buddhist Goddess Vasudhara

treasure. 21. He who recites the one hundred and eight names three times(in the

morning, at noon and in the evening) shall surely gain success, desires and wishes.

22. Sinful deeds committed through ignorance, most dreadful(sins) that bring about immediate results--one destroys all such evil speedily calling to mind the good names.

23. Further, blessed with virtue, he will recall seven past births. Beloved, of acceptable speech, handsome, pleasing to the eye,

24. he will be born and well- received in families of brahmins and kings. Finally, he will become a ruler of the earth and later reach the Sukhavati heaven.

The One hundred and eight names of the noble and blessed Vasudhara recited by the Buddha is concluded.

As its title indicates, the Aryasrfvasudharaya nama�!ottarasata should contain 108 names of Vasudhara. However, it is not easy to distinguish the names of the goddess from epithets describing her. I give below a tentati ve list of the possible names of Vasudhara listed in the text.

l. varaprada 2. vasudharI

20. bhlitamata Q..

21. durdanttrasanI "

3. vasudhara 22. bhIma 4. vasusrI 23. ugra 5. srIkarI 24. ugraparakrama 6. dharanI 7. dhara;J

25. danaparamita devI 26. nidhanI

8. dhata 27. sarvamangalya � 9. saral).ya 28. klrtilak�mlyasa�subha :. 10. praHaparamita devI � 1 1. prajfasrIbuddhivardhanI

12. vidyadharI

29. dahanI 30. maranI 31. candI

13. siva 32. savarI 14. sliksma 33. sarvamatrka 15. santa 34. krtantatrasanI 16. malrka 35. raudrI 17. tarunI 36. kaumarI

..

18. tarunI 37. visvarupinI 19. vidyadanesvaresvarI 38. vIryaparamita devI

1 17

...

'r"

Ratna Handurukande

39.

40.

41.

42.

4 3.

44.

45.

46.

47.

48.

49.

50.

5l.

52.

5 3.

54.

55.

56.

57.

58.

59.

60.

6l.

62.

6 3.

jagad�nandalocanl tapas(,. ugrarupl

rddhisiddhi varaprada dhanya pUI!ya mahabhaga ajita jitavikrama sarpgrame tariI!i k�antiparamita deVl sTlinI dhyanadhyayinI padminI padmadharI suddharilpI mahateja hemavarI!aprabhakarI cintamanidharI pra�apustakadhariI!I nidhanakiltamarildha . .

dhanyagaradhanapriya traidhatukamaha ac;lhya divyabharaI!abhil�iI!I

64. sarvabuddhanam matarI 65. ratnadhatvesvaresvarI 66. silnyatabhavinI 67. bhavabhavavivarjinI 68. vainayaki 69. vineta 70. klesavicchedani 71. sarvamaranam bhindani 72. saptapatalak�obhaI!l 7 3. brahmani

74. vedamata 75. guhyavasini r

76. sarasvati 77. caturbrahmaviharini 78. tathagati 79. vaJ flI! 1

80. dharmadharini 81. kamadhatvesvari 82. vidya 8 3. visvaj val agrama1!c;lali 84. sarvasattvanam bodhani 85. bodhYaI1gakrta

'sekhari

86. dhyanadhimuktisampanna 87. advayadvayabhavini 88. sarvarthasadhanl 89. bhadra 90. strirupa 91. mitavikrama 92. buddhamargaI!arp darsanl 9 3. na��amargapradarsan i 94. vaglsvari 95. mahasanti 96. goptrl 97. dhatri 98. dhanamdada 99. strlrupadhara1!i

100. siddha 101. YOgInl 102. yoginisvari 10 3. manohari

104. mahakanti 105. subhaga 106. priyadarsani 107. sartha vahakrpadr�F 108. sarv atathagatatmak 1

118

The Buddhist Goddess Vasudhara

Notes

I.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

x.

I).

10.

II.

12.

13.

14.

Bhattacharyya, Benoytosh. (1958), The Indian Buddhist Iconography. Sec­ond edition. Revised and Enlarged with 357 Illustrations: Calcutta. K.L. Mukhopadhyay. The first edition of this book was printed in 1924. Ibid. p. 237. Ibid. p. 244. Ibid. p. 237. Ibid. p. 47. Ibid. p. 45. Siidhanamiilii Volumes I and II edited by Benoytosh Bhattacharyya. Vol. 1.

Baroda 1925; Vol. II. Baroda 1928 (Gaekwad's Oriental Series. Nos. 26 and 41). Siidhanamiilii Vol. II. Nos. 21 3- 216 on pages 421-423. Ibid. Introduction pp.xiv, xxii, xxvii. Ibid. Nos. 21 3,21 4,21 5. Ibid. No. 216. The Tibetan Trip4aka Peking edition kept in the library of the Otani Univer-sity, Kyoto edited by Daisetz T. Suzuki, Tokyo-Kyoto. Tibetan Tripi�aka Re­search Institute 1957. Vol. 80 No. 40 58. Nor-rgyunmaJ;i sgrub-thabs, trans­lated by Abhaya and Tshul-khrims rgyal-mtshan is a translation of Siidhanamiilii

No.21 3; Vol.80 No. 40 59. Nor-rgyun-maJ;j sgrub-thabs, translated by A(bhaya) and Tshul-khrims rgyal-mtshan, Vo1.80 . No. 4170. Lha-mo nor­rgyun-gyi sgrub-thabs, translated by Don-yod-rdo-rje and Ba-ri-lo-tsa-ba, Vo1.81. No.4426 Nar-rgyun-maJ;j sgrub-thabs, translated by Grags-pa rgyal­mtshan, and Vol. 81 . No. 447 8 Lha-mo nor-gyi rgyun-maJ;i-sgrub-thabs, the translator's name of which is not given in the text,are translations of Siidhanamiilii No.21 4; Vol. 80. No.4060. Nor-rgyun-maJ;j-sgrub-thabs, trans­lated by Danasrijflana and Tshul-khrims rgyal-mtshan and Vol 81. No. 4427. Nor-rgyun-maJ;i sgrub-thabs, translated by Grags-pa rgyal-mtshan are trans­lations of Siidhanamiilii No. 21 5; Vo1.80. No.4061. Nor-rgyun-maJ;j gzulis-kyi man-liag translated by Da(nasrijflana) and Tshul-khrims rgyal-mtshan and Vol 81 . No . 4428. Nor-rgyun-maJ;j gzuns-kyj-man-liag translated by Grags­pa rgyal-mtshan are translations of Siidhanamiilii No.216. Tjbetan Trip4aka op.cit. Vol. 7. 341: ljphags-pa nor- gyj- 19yUl1 ces-bya-baJ;j gzuns.

Ibid. Vol. 81 . No. 4523: Dpal nor-rgyun-maJ;j sgrub-thabs. 15.

Ibid. Vol. 81. No. 4526: Dpal nor-rgyun-maJ;i bstod-pa. 16.

I Ibid. Vol. 81 . No. 4525: DpaJ nor-rgyun-maJ;j smon-lam.

I: .. Ibid. Vol. 87. No. 51 27: Nor-J:1dsjn-maJ;j rtog-pa.

Ibid. Vol. 81. No. 4524: IfJ)hags-ma 110r-rgyun-maJ;i mtshan-brgya-rtsa­brgyad-pa.

119

Ratna Handurukande

19.

20.

21.

24.

25.

2f1.

27.

2K.

,0.

31.

32.

33.

35.

36.

37.

3K.

39.

40.

41.

42.

43.

44.

45.

46.

Bhattacharyya, Benoytosh (1958) op. cit. pages 245, 290. Ibid. p. 245 and figures 187 and 188 on page 291.

Mitra, Makar. Two metal Images from Nepal. Article No. 21 on pages ],,27 and 128 in RLipafijaJi, a volume published in memory of O.C. Gangoly, edited by Kalyan Kumar Ganguli and S.S Biswas. Published by the O.C. Gangoly

Memorial Society. Calcutta 1986.

Plate 61 in R iipat1jaIi, the publication listed above.

Mitra, Makar op. cit. p.128 cites the publication of B.N. Mukhe�jee, Vtlsudhara

(Bengali journal), Vaisakha 1367 (Bengali year), 4th year No. 1 pp. 4 and 5 as the authority for this statement. However, the version of the Vasudhara­nama.s!ottarasata, the text and translation of which I give in this paper does

not contain a clear description of the six-armed form of Vasudhara. Mironov, N.D. Catalogue of Indian Manuscripts in the Russian Public Li­

brary. Collection of l.P Minaev and some others. Compiled by N.D. Mironov.

Fascicule I Published by the Russian Academy of Sciences. Petro grad 1918.

(This catalogue lists the manuscripts under sections: I Brahmanica, II Jinica

and III Buddhica). Nos. 277 and 303.

Klaus L. Janert herausgegeben, verzeichnet von N. Narasimhan Poti. Verzeichnis der Orientalischen Handschriften in Deutschland. Band 11,9. Indische

Handschr(ften Teil 9. Franz Steiner verlag GMBH Wiesbaden Stuttgart 1987 p. 3. 3752 A Hs. Or. 8181. Staatsbibliothek Preussischer Kulturbesitz Berlin. Mironov, N.D. op. cit. No.277. folios Ib-4b. The script is Newari. Ibid. No. 303. folios 1 b-4b. Script Newari. Date N. SaJTlvat 827 (1707)

Klaus L. Janert op. cit. Hs. Or 8181. folios I b-4b. Folio 1 b contains a mini­

ature painting of a goddess, probably of Vasudhara.

AC oJTlnamo bhagavatye alyasrivasudharayaj mss. ()dhara ca.

A dharinj B dharc7ni.

A tarani.

A °bhtJsjnjB bhtJsani.

B sadanft A njdhana C njdhanam.

A yasasubhaB yasa!zbhabha. A maJini.

B krtantatra"

A raudrih B bhima. B vana. B adds: padmjni padmtldhiira{11 padmiisanamiisani. A jagadaIkahl'tye vjdya B jagadalkahjta.

A °ramo.

AB tar ani.

A si!anj B sah'ni.

A dhyanadheyjni B °dhyayani.

120

7

J

47.

4X.

4'!.

50.

51.

52.

53.

54.

55.

57.

5X.

(>I .

63.

04.

ri6

6X.

70.

71.

74.

75.

7fl.

77.

7X.

7l).

xo.

XI.

X2.

X3.

X4.

X.',.

X7. ,.

xx.

Xl).

B omits.

A asam'B asani A (Jdharani A arudhi.

ABC taidhatLI'.

A adi

AB °dh[lte.sv[l(J.

C vaineyakf. A dipini B dipini

AB klesncchedani

B bhindini A guhynral BC gllhyarad.

ABC cEltllbrL1) B ° viharn/11� C °dhartl11i

ABC kannndhiP.

A vis va.

A ()jvaiabhamd)·. B sarvamaranam. A °k.rtaspa�£?{1i B (Jkrtase�a{1i. B dhyanyadllnukti' C dhanyadimukti(). A advayodvaya B advaynbhaVEl11i

B IniiJpa. A.flla.

B darsnnam. A (JprmnardL?ni

A gopti.

B omits.

B dlul1wdada. B tririJparjha!jni CstiriJpadhara{lI�

A yogamisvnri B mahahari BC (Jli C s;/Ubhagyn.

A (J vahak.1pav(sta!1 B ° vahacak!pav!tai.

A n::Lnwhs. A til BC stu. A n(lIJwhs. A nmmziJ. ABC stu. C Inkaiam. Aya. C siddhi!:

The Buddhist Goddess Vasudhtirti

A jpsjtarthamanorathat B ipsjtmpsumanorathaz11.

121

Ratna Handurukande

l)O.

lJl.

lJ2.

l)3.

l)4.

l)5.

n.

l)X.

l)l)

I(X).

101.

102.

B ajfiiiniitlq-taJp. B antaryyiisusudiirunarp. A. sarvacchedayai piipam B. sarvvaiifijayayiftati

A smaranii B smaraniit. . .

A "bhaktikam.

B sa vajiitP .

A ciindeyaviikas. sic. mss. metre! A adds: idam avocad bhagaviin. vajapani bhiifitam abhyanandan.

A "dharii B °dhiiriiyiifJ C sriiiryavasudhariiyii.

C sarva kfapayaty iisu.

A niimiistotarEfl B astottarasatanama C °satakam.

B omits. A Upta B llptaf7 C parisamiiptarp B adds: ye dharmmii hetuprabhavii hetu

tefii tathiigata hy avad8t tefafi ca yo nirodh8 eVllvadi mahaSrllva[111rp/I.

Bibliography

I. Bhattacharyya, Benoytosh The Indian Buddhist Iconography. Second edi­tion. Revised and Enlarged with 357 Illustrations Calcutta. K.L. Mukhopadhyay. 1958 (I Sl edition 1924).

2. SadhaJ1llmiilii Volumes I and II edited by Benoytosh Bhattacharyya. VoU Baroda 1925; Vol. II Baroda 1928 (Gaekwad's Oriental Series, Nos. 26 and 41 ).

3. The Tibetan Trip4aka Peking edition kept in the library of the Otani Univer­sity, Kyoto edited by Daisetz T. Suzuki, Tokyo-Kyoto. Tibetan Tripitaka Re­search Institue. 1957.

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