rf planning bible

7/18/2019 RF Planning Bible

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RF Planning Bible: TP RF - Central

RF Planning Bible

The Few, The Proud

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Chapter 1: CELL SITE PLANNING...............................................8

Chapter 2: SITE DATABASE CREATION...................................24

Chapter 3: RF ROLLOUT.............................................................34

Chapter 4: PRE-LAUNC OPTI!I"ATION...............................#2

Chapter #: INDOOR SOLUTIONS...............................................$%

Chapter $: PROPAGATION !ODEL TUNING...........................8$

Chapter &: FRE'UENC( PLANNING........................................))

Chapter 8: FRE'UENC( RETUNING * REDESIGN................11$

ATTACE!ENTS......................................................................122

LN+S:..........................................................................................124

ABBRE,IATIONS:....................................................................12#

REFRENCES:..............................................................................12&

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List of Figures:

Fig 1.1 Cell Site Planning Process................................................................................ 8

F 1.2: C/0erae Pret/ e5/re p6a /0erae e66 7te ................................. 1%

F 1.3: C/0erae Pret/ a5ter p6a /0erae e66 7te .................................... 11

F 1.4: G//6e 0e 7h/ /0erae e66 7te ......................................................... 11

F 1.#: !apI5/ 0e /5 Capat9 p6ae 7te7 ......................................................... 13

F 1.$: G//6e Earth ,e /5 Capat9 P6ae Ste7 ................................................. 14

F 1.&: C/0erae here I a; Te;p6ate 7heet ............................................................. 1$

F 1.8: !apI5/ ,e /5 DCS /69 Ste .................................................................... 1&F 1.): G//6e Earth ,e /5 DCS /69 Ste .............................................................. 18

F 1.1%: !apI5/ 0e 5/r Ste De7 Fa6t>re ......................................................................................... 2$

F 2.3: Ce667 prate ................................................................................................ 2$

F 2.4: Ce66 Patter ....................................................................................................... 2&

F 2.#: ter5eree ....................................................................................................... 28

F 2.& C*A .................................................................................................................... 2)

F 2.8: GS! 7pe5at/7 5/r C*I a C*A ................................................................ 2)

F 2.): Fre=>e9 Re->7e Patter .................................................................................3%

F 3.1: ,e /5 SAR 0a6at/ Caate7 ............................................................... 3$

F 3.2: G//6e Earth ,e /5 SAR 0a6at/ Caate7 .......................................... 3&

F 3.3: Ura area C/0erae ........................................................................................ 42

F 3.4: Ura !ap I5/ ,e .......................................................................................43

F 3.#: Ura G//6e Earth ,e ................................................................................ 43

F 3.$: S>-Ura area C/0erae ................................................................................ 44

F 3.&: S>>ra !ap I5/ ,e ................................................................................. 4#

F 3.8: S>>ra G//6e Earth ,e ........................................................................... 4#

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F 3.): R>ra6 area C/0erae ......................................................................................... 4$

F 3.1%: R>ra6 !ap I5/ ,e ...................................................................................... 4$

F 3.11: R>ra6 G//6e Earth ,e ............................................................................... 4&

F 3.13: R/a7 !ap I5/ ,e .....................................................................................48

F 3.14: R/a7 G//6e Earth ,e .............................................................................. 48

F 3.1#: !ap I5/ 0e ................................................................................................ #%

F 3.1$: G//6e Earth 0e .......................................................................................... #%

F 4.1: Pre-La>h Opt;p6er7 ................................................................................................ $)

F #.$: C/>p6er7 Spe5at/7 ................................................................................... &%

F #.8: At0e 7/6>t/ 6a9/>t .......................................................................................&1

F #.): Ba7e 7tat/ !a7ter Ut .................................................................................. &2

F #.1%: ,A! ............................................................................................................... &2

F #.11: RF C/;er !/>6e ..................................................................................... &3

F #.12: RSSI /5 55eret 7er0er7 th 56//r p6a7 ......................................................

F #.13: Pr/rt9 area ;ar@ 5/r a //r 7te 6/at/ ........................................... &$

F #.14: I;pr/0e;et //r /0erae .................................................................. &&

F #.1#: L@ B>et Ca6>6at/7 ............................................................................... 81

F #.1$: RF //r P6a 5/r a 56//r .............................................................................. 82

F #.1&: !ea7>re;et7 5/r Ca6e 6eth7 .................................................................... 82

F #.18: Atea Tree ara; .................................................................................... 83

F #.1): I//r E=>p;et L7t ................................................................................... 84

F #.2%: R?-Le0e6 I6e ;/e ........................................................................................ 8$

F #.21: R?-'>a6 Deate ;/e ............................................................................... 8$

F #.22: Sp66ae ........................................................................................................... 8&

F $.1: Pr/paat/ !/e6 para;eter7 0a6>e7 ............................................................. )1

F $.2: Pr/paat/ !/e6 para;eter7 .........................................................................)2

F $.3: Ste Se6et/ .................................................................................................... )4

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F $.4: C !ea7>re;et pr/e77 ................................................................................ )$

F $.#: E=>p;et >7e ................................................................................................ )&

F $.$: !/e6 t> pr/e77 ....................................................................................... ))

F $.&: Aa6977 .......................................................................................................... 1%%

F $.8: Err/r 07 L/ Graph Be5/re .......................................................................... 1%%

F $.): Err/r 07. L/ Graph A5ter .......................................................................... 1%1

F $.1%: R?Le0 07. L/ 7tae-Be5/re ................................................................. 1%1

F $.11: R?Le0 07. L/ 7tae-A5ter .................................................................... 1%1

F &.1: Fre=>e9 P6a ........................................................................................1%4

F &.2: C/7t !atr? eht-ae ................................................................................. 1%$

F &.3: ILSA ara; ................................................................................................. 1%&

F &.4: ILSA Set>p ..................................................................................................... 1%&

F &.#: A77 arrer7 ........................................................................................... 1%8

F &.$: Neh/>r P6a Ste Dataa7e ....................................................................1%)

F &.&: Neh/>r7 !ap / .......................................................................... 11%

F &.8: ILSA Fre=>e9 P6aer ................................................................................ 111

F&.): ILSA Fre=>e9 P6aer P6a L7t / .............................................. 112

F &.1%: ILSA P6a Stat>7 ......................................................................................... 112

F &.11: P6a C/7t S>;;ar9 ..................................................................................... 113

F &.12: ILSA FP Re7>6t ............................................................................................ 113

F &.13: Creat Arra97 .............................................................................................114

F &.14: /r7t Iter5erer .............................................................................................11$

F &.1#: ILSA C/7t*Iter5eree Graph ......................................................................11$

F 8.1: Pre- P/7t-At0t9 Ct9 C/0erae a R? Le0e6 ........................................ 12$

F 8.2: R?'>a6 P6/t /5 the G>raa6a t9 e5/re a a5ter the at0t9 ..................12$

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Dedicated to:

RF Planning Central

The Few TheProud.pdf

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Chapter 1: CELL SITE PLANNIN

Every cellular network needs cell ste plannn! n order to ensure

covera!e re"ure#ents$ to #a%#&e capacty re"ure#ents and toavod nterference. The cell plannn! process conssts of #any d'erent

tasks$ all to!ether #akn! t poss(le to acheve a well workn!

network. The #a)or actvtes nvolved n the cell plannn! process are

represented (elow*

Fig 1!1 Cell Site Planning Process

"h# Cell Site Planning$+ cell #ay (e de,ned as an area of rado covera!e fro# one -T

antenna syste#. /t s the s#allest (uldn! (lock n a #o(le network

and s the reason why #o(le networks are often referred to as cellular

networks. 0ell ste plannn! can (rey (e descr(ed as all theactvtes nvolved n deter#nn! whch stes should (e used for the

rado e"up#ent$ whch e"up#ent should (e used$ and how the

e"up#ent should (e con,!ured. To ensure covera!e$ to cater the

capacty re"ure#ents and to avod nterference$ each cellular network

needs 0ell te Plannn!.


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No%inal Sur&e# Point Identi'cation

The cell ste plannn! process s started (y a covera!e analyss$capacty analyss and custo#er feed(ack. 0overa!e analyss dent,es

the poor covera!e locatons and capacty analyss provdes the h!h

trac cells n the cellular network. ales and str(uton tea# also

plays a #a)or role n analy&n! the covera!e and capacty ssues (y

provdn! the su(scr(er forecast of low covera!e areas and !rowth

rate dstr(uton of populated areas. 0overa!e holes and poor covera!e

areas are dent,ed wth the help of +ET predctons +/809:

(ased tool used for covera!e analyss; and a suta(le no#nal survey

pont lon!tude$ lattude; s chosen for detaled area pro,ln! vst


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F! 1.2* 0overa!e Predcton (efore plannn! covera!e cell ste

8F Plannn! Tea# updates the +sset data(ase wth the latest 9n +r

and Planned stes. Then$ Path >oss Predctor s de,ned accordn! to there"ure#ents lke ,lters$9n +r or Planned;$ radus$ area and resoluton

of the #ap to (e used. +ll these re"ure#ents can (e de,ned wth the

help of +sset. The le!end of the covera!e for the selected ran!es can

also (e de,ned. Path >oss predctor s then run and the (est server

covera!e s dsplayed. The (est server covera!e predcton s then

e%ported n .#f or .ta( for#at and can (e vewed n :ap/nfo

Professonal. The feas(lty of the new ste s then evaluated fro#

covera!e holes or poor covera!e areas and no#nal surveys detaled

area pro,ln! vsts; are carred out to know the !eo!raphcal terran

and e%pected capacty trac load;.F! 1.2 shows the covera!e hole n

the cellular network whle ,! 1.3 shows the covera!e predcton after

plannn! new cell ste.

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F! 1.3* 0overa!e Predcton after plannn! covera!e cell ste

F! 1.4* @oo!le vew shown! covera!e cell ste

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Capacit# Planning

9ne of the (ass for cell ste plannn! s the trac de#and$ .e. how

#any su(scr(ers use the network and how #uch trac they !enerate.

The Erlan! E; s a unt of #easure#ent of trac ntensty.

To #eet the capacty re"ure#ents$ 8F Plannn! Tea# #ontors the

trac stats of the network on weekly (ass avera!ed for one week;

and dent,es the

h!h trac cells. The trac stats are e%tracted for (oth C


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GH?$89


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F! 1.6* @oo!le Earth Kew of 0apacty Planned tes

The cell ste :@?1 and :@?21 are planned as a capacty stes to

share the trac of ne!h(orn! cells :@?142 and :@?162 havn!

T0A utl&atons !reater than 1??J. The no#nal locatons of these

planned stes are decded (y #ontorn! ther T+ stats fro# the tat

:on Tool.

Erlan! - Ta(le.pdf

Feed )ac( * Co%plaints

+ feed(ack or co#plant s usually rased (y


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8F plannn! tea# con,r#s of any covera!e hole or poor covera!e.

9nce the covera!e ssue s con,r#ed$ the 8F Plannn! tea# analy&es

the ne!h(or ste des!n to check f the area can (e served (y e%stn!

ste$ f not t s surveyed wth #arket sales tea# or corporate relaton

tea# for a feas(lty of new ste. /f the area s feas(le$ new ste s

planned and placed n (u'er so that t s re released when new stes

are to (e planned. For capacty ssue$ cell utl&aton s checked$ f the

utl&aton s 1??J then$ the con,!uraton s taken nto account. /f

there s no roo# for an addtonal T8M$ .e. s% rados n the cell$ a new

ste s planned (y usn! T+ stats$ and f not$ e%panson s perfor#ed (y

ncre#entn! the nu#(er of rado (y 1$ untl the ssue s resolved. The

tea# #akes sure that the pro(le# s resolved and also reBcon,r#s the

status wth the co#planer. 0apacty co#plants can (e rased fro#

network user or other depart#ents specally 8F 9pt#&aton.

Co&erage "here a% I$

0overa!e where a# / s a )ont tool for 0o##ercal and Techncal

tea#s to dentfy #portant locatons natonwde and #ontor pro!ress

#ade a!anst provdn! covera!e at these locatons on #onthly (ass.

0o##ercal tea# puts forward ther feed(ack or co#plants of the

covera!e ssues n the network and wants to know the 8F co##ents

over these ssues. 8F tea# then provdes the covera!e status of those

areas and evaluates the feas(lty of new ste. +ll ths feed(ack s

#antaned n the for# of an E%cel sheet. 8F tea# co##ents arere"ured n Coverage Status, Priority, Site Status, Site Name,

New Site Count, Type- Timeliness and Comments ,elds of the

E%cel sheet$

; The .Coverage Status',eld should only have follown!

values* Covered, Partially Covered & Not

Covered! /f a locaton lke :otorway :1 re"ures several

stes$ t wll (e consdered NPartally 0overedN untl all the

planned stes are onBar. The status wll chan!e to N0overedN

when no #ore new stes are needed.; The 'Site Status',eld should only have follown! values*

Planned, On-Air, On-Hold Not Planned%The reasons for

N9nBAoldN stes should (e #entoned n N0o##entsN ,eld.

+lso$ the detals a(out the planned stes sta!es T done$

+8F released$ etc; can (e #entoned n N0o##entsN ,eld.

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; The Priority ,eld should only have follown! values* P!,

P" & P#. The de,ntons of these are as follows.

P? H A!hest prorty. te needed #ost ur!ently.

/nfrastructure s co#plete or near co#pleton and people

trac s present.P1 H te needed. /nfrastructure s co#plete or near

co#pleton and people trac s present.

P2 H /nfrastructure wll take 1B2 years n co#pleton O

trac s not present.

v; The $Site Name ,eld contans the na#e of the servn!

stes n that area.

v; The $New Site Count ,eld contans the nu#(er of

planned stes n that area.

v; The $Type ,eld contans the type of the 9n +r stes or the

type of the stes to (e nstalled.

v; The $Timeliness ,eld shows the co#pleton perod to

provde covera!e n that area.

F! 1.7* 0overa!e here / a# Te#plate sheet

T tea# wll update the Q0overa!e here / a#Q sheet dentfyn! the

status of stes n the dent,ed locatons. Ths sheet wll (e updated

every 2; #onths for all re!ons. :onthly #eetn! wll (e held a#on!

all stake holders to revew pro!ress status. The NCommentsN n the

sheet wll specfy updated ste status o(taned fro# 8eal Estate tea#$

n case f t s facn! any ac"uston related ssues. Task force fro# te

+c"uston wll push for early resoluton of ssues on stuck stes.

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0o##ercal tea# wll also dentfy resources fro# ther sde to

facltate release of stuck stes.

Special Case: 1/00 23 4nl# Sites

8F Plannn! Tea# uses the 0overa!e Predctons$ Trac tats +nalyss

and corporate co#plants feed(ack to #ark pro(a(le locatons

capacty"ualty; on a #onthly (ass. /n case of a capacty ste$ 8F

plannn! tea# dent,es the cells carryn! h!h trac fro# latest trac

stats and su(scr(er forecast provded (y O. For des!n$ the /nter

te dstance fro# all the ectors; #ust not (e #ore than 6??# O

@9 R ?.5J n ense r(an O r(an envron#ent. /n case of a "ualty

ste$ 8F plannn! analy&es the statstcal reports and or the forecasted

yearly su(scr(erB(ase (y O. 8F plannn! tea# uses covera!e

predctons to dentfy poor covera!e locatons whch should not (e#ore than 2??# n the e%stn! network n ense r(an and r(an

envron#ent to provde deep ndoor covera!e.


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F! 1.=* @oo!le Earth Kew of 0 only te

F! 1.= shows the 0 only ste :9S?1? n dense ur(an area to sharethe h!h trac of ts ne!h(orn! cells. @oo!le Earth vew of the sa#earea s shown! the dense area and the ste auths for #eetn! the

capacty re"ure#ents.

RF S5R6E7 REP4RTIN

+ rado fre"uency 8F; ste survey s the ,rst step n the deploy#ent of

a reless network and the #ost #portant step to ensure desred

operaton. + ste survey s a taskB(yBtask process (y whch the

surveyor studes the faclty to understand the 8F (ehavor$ dscovers

8F covera!e areas$ est#ates for 8F capacty re"ure#ents$ checks for

8F nterference and deter#nes the approprate place#ent of reless

e"up#ent./n a reless network$ #any ssues can arse whch can prevent the

rado fre"uency 8F; s!nal fro# reachn! all parts of the faclty.

E%a#ples of 8F ssues nclude #ultpath dstorton$ shadown! e'ect$

t#e dsperson and t#e al!n#ent ssues. /n order to address these$

you need to ,nd the re!ons where these ssues occur. + ste survey

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helps you to do ths. + ste survey helps de,ne the contours of 8F

covera!e n a partcular faclty. /t helps to dscover re!ons where

#ultpath dstorton can occur$ areas where 8F nterference s h!h and

,nd solutons to el#nate such ssues. + ste survey that deter#nes

the 8F covera!e area n a faclty also helps to choose the nu#(er of

reless devces that a ,r# needs to #eet ts (usness re"ure#ents. +

ste survey should also deter#ne the e%pected su(scr(ers forecast. +

proper ste survey provdes detaled nfor#aton that addresses

covera!e$ nterference sources$ e"up#ent place#ent$ power

consderatons and wrn! re"ure#ents.

8F Plannn! tea# #akes a consoldated e%cel sheet of no#nal 8F

survey ponts !eo!raphcal coordnates; on the (ass of the covera!e$

capacty and feed(ack ssues n the network. +fterwards$ the no#nal

ste surveys are splt accordn! to the !eo!raphcal vcnty a#on! 8F

resources. -ased on the "uantty of coordnates$ !eo!raphc terranand dstance fro# (ase$ 8F urvey schedule s #ade.

Perfor%ing Sur&e#

+ rado fre"uency planner should (e e"upped wth a laptop$ :ap/nfo$

@oo!le Earth$ @lo(al Postonn! yste# E"up#ent @P;$ 0o#pass$

!tal 0a#era$ -noculars$ :ap ource and @lo(al :apper optonal;

for perfor#n! the 8F survey. -efore !on! out for the 8F survey$ latest

covera!e predcton should (e analy&ed for a covera!e survey andTrac stats and T+ trend for the ne!h(orn! stes should (e analy&ed

for a capacty survey and @oo!le earth should (e used for rou!h

est#atons and drectons. Track :ode of @P should (e n 9< state.

0overa!e urveys are carred out n the areas where there s poor

covera!e and n these knds of surveys t s all a(out e%plorn! the area

to the #a%#u# and ,ndn! out !ood populatons. 0apacty surveys

are carred out for the cells where there s h!h T0A utl&aton or h!h

0 (lockn!. 0apacty surveys are all a(out to dentfy the h!h trac

!eneratn! areas.The cells whch are h!hly utl&ed or n whch thereare h!h (lockn! that cells foot prnt covera!e area; should (e

surveyed for potental populatons$ whch are the canddates for

capacty stes.

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Follown! 9(servatons should necessarly (e #ade on no#nal 8F

survey.

+ny town$ Klla!e or cty vsted should (e pro,led wth na#e$

populaton and avala(le #o(le operators n the area.

naps should (e taken fro# the center of the vlla!e fro#

avera!e (uldn! he!ht takn! true north as a reference wth the

help of #a!netc co#pass and snaps should (e taken wth

!tal 0a#era that are separated apart wth 45 de!ree an!le.

naps of the roads leadn! towards #a)or towns or h!hways of

the area should (e taken.

+vera!e -uldn! he!ht should (e noted.

+ll the vlla!es of the area should (e pro,led wth a(ove

#entoned detals.

+fter perfor#n! the no#nal 8F surveys$ I.MF ,le of #arked

wayponts and tracks s e%tracted fro# @P wth the help of :ap

ource and s #ported to :ap/nfo. Then$ I.T+- ,le of :ap/nfo s #ade

wth the help of collected data and I.MF ,le.

Reporting Sur&e# including !Ta8 'le

+ll 8F Planners prepare ther ndvdual survey Ta( ,le after perfor#n!

the surveys. Preparaton of Ta( ,le ncludes the tracks$ poly!ons$

locaton na#es and ts appro%#ate populaton alon! wth other useful

nfor#aton and land#arks. nnecessary ponts$ lnes andor te%t

should (e avoded whle preparn! urvey Ta(s as ths wll ncrease the

,le s&e. /f t contans any unwanted ponts$ lnes and any overlappn!

enttes$ the Ta( ,le should (e cleaned to s#plfy the !eo#etry. The

(asc ,le set for vewn! the :ap/nfo Ta( ,le conssts of a #n#u# of

four ,les$ the I.+T$ I.T+-$ I./ and I.:+P. /f any one of these s#ssn!$ the Ta( ,le wll fal to open n :ap/nfo.

Site Design Finali3ation

2?


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+ll 8F Planners report and dscuss ther 8F survey ,ndn!s wth the

senor tea# #e#(ers. The senor tea# #e#(er analy&es ther

,ndn!s$ I.T+- ,les and snaps of the vlla!es and #ake decsons for

plannn! new stes of the perfor#ed surveys. The (est locaton for new

ste s then selected for provdn! the !ood covera!e and (alancn! the

trac load of ne!h(orn! cells. +ntenna type$ te type$ +ntenna

auths$ +ntenna he!hts and +ntenna tlts are then decded wth the

#utual dscusson of 8F surveyor and senor tea# #e#(er dependn!

upon the clutter type and populaton spread of the area under

consderaton.

F! 1.1?* :ap/nfo vew for te es!n Fnal&aton

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F! 1.11* @oo!le Earth vew for te es!n Fnal&aton

F! 1.11 shows the detaled area pro,ln! vst


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The no#nal cell ste plan contans all the ste data wthout ste /s. +

cell ste na#e conssts of seven letters and un"ue throu!hout the

network. The 1stletter ndcates the plannn! phase of the ste andthe

2ndletter ndcates the plannn! re!on of the ste. For 3rd$ 4thand 5th

letters for ste na#e$ unversal ste na#n! sheet wth all the ste

na#es n the network s ,ltered out n ascendn! order to ,nd the

un"ue ste na#e. The 6th and 7thletter of the ste na#e should (e

d!ts.The selected te /s and e!#ent na#es are then added n the

no#nal cell ste plan sheet.The ,nal&ed no#nal cell ste plan sheet

contans the Site &a'e, Seg'ent &a'e, Pha(e, )ongitu!e, )atitu!e,

Search Ring, Cit* &a'e, +i'uth, Tilt, +ntenna eight, +ntenna T*pe,

Site T*pe, Date Relea(e!, Categor*, Toer T*pe and Cell( to be

relie.e! ,elds n t. +ll these ,elds are then appended n the last

release #aster plan. The /ee!er cable length$ and nu'ber o/ antenna(

re"ured for one ste are also added n #aster plan sheet. Fnally$ thesteprioritie(are added n #aster plan sheet and the new verson of

the #aster plan s oated to the concerned depart#ents.

No%inal Sites Data8ase


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Chapter : SITE DATA)ASE CREATI4N

/ntroducton

te ata(ase creaton for new tes

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Introduction:

te data(ase s process of creatn! fre"uency para#eters of new stes

whch are re"ured as (y @: archtecture.

/n @: Fre"uency plannn! s #portant to #n#&e the interference

whch #proves the "ualty whle !vn! the covera!e and capacty.

9()ectve s to use the allocated fre"uency spectru# ecently. There are

l#ted fre"uences avala(le to Telenor Pakstan ; ARFCN for use %eans that t?o radio channels ?ithin the sa%enet?or( can use e@actl# the sa%e pair of fre=uenciesprovded that

there s a sucent !eo!raphcal dstance the fre"uency reuse dstance;

(etween the# so they wll not nterfere wth each other. The t!hter

fre"uency reBuse plan$ the !reater the capacty potental of the network.

Telenor reuen*y .and

F! 2.1* Telenor Fre"uency (and

"h# Fre=uenc# Planning is I%portant/n theory$ he%a!ons are used to represent cell 0overa!e area;$ stes

can (e planned 9#n or drectonal 2$ 3$ 4 ectors; antennas.

"h# 2e@agons:

The (order (etween the covera!e area of two cells s the set of ponts

at whch the s!nal stren!th fro# (oth antennas s the sa#e. /n realty$

the envron#ent wll deter#ne ths lne$ (ut for s#plcty$ t s

25


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represented as a stra!ht lne. /f s% -Ts are placed around an or!nal

-T$ the covera!e area U that s$ the cell U takes on a he%a!onal shape.

F! 2.2* Ae%a!onal tructure

4%ni directional cell: +n 9#nBdrectonal cell or 9#n cell; s

served (y a -T wth an antenna whch trans#ts e"ually n all

drectons 36? de!rees;.

Sector cell:+ sector cell s the area of covera!e fro# an antenna$whch trans#ts$ n a !ven drecton only. For e%a#ple$ ths #ay (ee"ual to 12? de!rees or 1? de!rees of an e"uvalent 9#nB drectonalcell. 9ne -T can serve one of these sector cells wth a collecton of-Ts at a ste servn! #ore than one$ leadn! to ter#s such as twoB

sectored stes and #ore co##only$ threeBsectored stes.

F! 2.3* 0ells n practce

/n realty$ he%a!ons are e%tre#ely s#pl,ed #odels of rado covera!e

patterns (ecause rado propa!aton s h!hly dependent on terran and

other factors. The pro(le#s of path loss$

26


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hadown! and #ultpath fadn! all a'ect the covera!e of an area. For

e%a#ple$ t#e dsperson s a pro(le# caused (y the recepton of rado

s!nals$ whch are reected o' far away o()ects. The carrerBtoB

reecton 08; rato s de,ned as the rato (etween the drect s!nal

0; and the reected s!nal 8;.

+lso$ due to the pro(le# of t#e al!n#ent the #a%#u# dstance an

: can (e fro# a -T s 35 k#. Ths s the #a%#u# radus of a @:

cell. /n areas where lar!e covera!e wth s#all capacty s re"ured$ t s

poss(le to allocate two consecutve T:+ t#e slots to one su(scr(er

on a call. Ths ena(les a #a%#u# dstance fro# the -T of 7?k#.

Cell si3e %ainl# depends on the a%ount of trac the# are

e@pected to carr# so for cell patterns the %aBor contri8uting

factor is the population densit#!

F! 2.4* 0ell Pattern

Interference

Fre"uency reBuse s essental not only (ecause of provdn! capacty (utalso for provdn! "ualty./f there are two carrers wthn the sa#e cell covera!e area t wll lead to

cause nter sy#(ol nterference //;. /nterference can (e avoded (yconsdern! the follown! factors.

0areful fre"uency allocaton to new cell ste

Proper choce for ste locaton

+ntenna nstallaton plannn!

Fre"uency hoppn!

27


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Power control

TM

F! 2.5* nterference

There are two #a)or types of nterference whch are e%planed (elow*

Co>Channel Interference C9I0oBchannel nterference s caused (y the use of a fre"uency close to the

e%act sa#e fre"uency. The for#er wll nterfere wth the latter$ leadn! to

the ter#s nterfern! fre"uency /; and carrer fre"uency 0;.

Ths 0/ rato s nuenced (y the follown! factors*

The locaton of the :

>ocal !eo!raphy and type of local scatters

-T antenna type$ ste elevaton and poston

F! 2.6 0/

2


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AdBacent>Channel Interference C9A:+d)acent fre"uences +;$ that s fre"uences shfted 2?? kA& fro# the

carrer fre"uency 0;$ #ust (e avoded n the sa#e cell and prefera(ly n

ne!h(orn! cells also. +lthou!h ad)acent fre"uences are at d'erent

fre"uences to the carrer fre"uency they can stll cause nterference and

"ualty pro(le#s.

F! 2.7 0+

S Speci'cation for C9I and A9I:

The @: spec,caton reco##ends that the carrerBto nterference 0/;rato s !reater than = dec(els d-;.

The @: spec,caton states that the carrerBtoBad)acent rato 0+;

#ust (e lar!er than B=d-.

F! 2.* @: spec,catons for 0/ and 0+

Fre=uenc# Re>use

2=


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The reBuse patterns reco##ended for @: are the 412 and the 3=

pattern. 412 #eans that there are four threeBsector stes supportn!

twelve cells usn! twelve fre"uency !roups.

+'ected (y nterference (etween cells

Type of !eo!raphc terran rado propa!aton condtons;

+ntenna he!ht tltn!

+ntenna types

9#n drectonal antenna

12? de! rectonal

6? de! rectonal

Trans#sson output power

8ado >nk 0ontrol features

Fre"uency Aoppn! yna#c Power 0ontrol

TM K+

F! 2.=* Fre"uency 8eBuse Pattern

Site Data8ase Creation for Ne? Sites:

3?


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te data(ase creaton for new stes s ntated (y creatn! cell ds for newcells.

Current Cell IDs for dierent region are %aintained inseparate 'les for reference!

The last character of 0ell / represents the sector U t should (e 1$ 2$ 3$

or 4 for sectors 1$ 2$ 3 O 4 respectvely on =??. For 1??$ the last

character should (e 5$ 6$ 7 O for sectors 1$ 2$ 3 O 4 respectvely.

+ppend respectve d!t to new ste code to #ake 0ell / for sectors.

0heck for newly ass!ned 0ell / to (e un"ue$ f t s notL reB

ass!n 0ell / to #ake t un"ue.

Fre"uency Para#eters .e. -00A$ -/0 and A


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The avala(le ran!e of -/0 of Telenor s 3? U 37 and 4? U 47

o ass!n -/0 to the new ste n the way that thereNs no co -00A and

co -/0 n the surroundn! area$ otherwse t wll cause the pro(le# when

don! ne!h(or cell plannn!.

onNt for!et to check the -/0 of the retuned e%stn! ste too. The new

-/0 allocaton #ay (e needed n order to avod co -00A and co -/0.

The ne%t step s to plan A< for new ste.

The avala(le ran!e of A< s ? U 63$ ? s for cyclc hoppn! pattern and

1 U 63 s for rando# hoppn! pattern nor#ally 1 U 31 and 33B63 s used

for FA;.

For all cell n the sa#e ste the sa#e A< s used. The only d'erent s

the :+/9 o'set the startn! fre"uency to do hoppn!;

For the surroundn! ste plan the A< n the way that thereNs no co A and :+/9 o'set s as followed

:+> 11 s used for 1?5 s used for

41 s used for e#ens @:=?? ste all cells and :+> 51$ 52$

53 s used for e#ens @:1?? ntra ste d'erent cell.

:+/9 o'set 1$ 3$ 5 s used for e#ens @:=?? ntra ste

d'erent cell and :+/9 o'set ?$ 1$ 2 s used for e#ens

@:1?? ntra ste d'erent cell

Neigh8ours for target sites are planned 8# RF planningtea%

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Frst ass!n all ntraBste cells as the ne!h(or cell of the newcell.

+ss!n the surroundn! cell that pont to the sa#e area as thenew cell as the ne!h(or cell.


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Chapter : RF R4LL45T

/ntroducton

+8 Kaldaton

Techncal te urvey cheduln!

Perfor#n! T

te es!n Fnal&aton

8F ata(ase pdate

ork Packa!e Ker,caton

34


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Introduction:

The rollout process s to #ake -T stes co#e 9nB+r wth t#elness

and #eetn! all the "ualty re"ure#ents. /t ensures clean process ow

(etween d'erent stakeholders such as 8eal Estate$ Pro)ect 0ontrol and

/#ple#entaton Tea#s. The -T stes are selected and constructed nsuch a #anner that they ful,ll all the capacty and covera!e

re"ure#ents. +fter the release of 8F :aster Plan$ the stes are

dstr(uted a#on! d'erent su(Bcontractors te +c"uston and

0onstructon Kendors; (ased upon ther "ualty of work and ther

prevous perfor#ance. Ths dstr(uton s done (y 8E depart#ent.

SAR 6alidation:

+8 te +c"uston 8eport; s a docu#ent su(#tted (y the u(Bcon

to the Pro)ect 0ontrol tea# after huntn! of d'erent canddates for a

partcular cell ste. The P0 tea# then su(#ts ths docu#ent to the 8F

Plannn! tea# for valdaton.

+8 valdaton s a carred out to check the detals of varous

canddates hunted for a ste$ prort&n! and evaluatn! these

canddates so as to select the #ost approprate locaton for a cell ste.

+8 valdaton process starts wth Pro)ect 8eportn! tea# provdn!

+8 for revew. te s evaluated whether t s a


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Panora#c pctures

ector +uth Pctures etc.

9nce these are ver,ed$ the 8F 0o##ent heet s ,lled. /f a canddate

#eets 8F re"ure#ent$ t s NAcceptedN. /n case #ore than onecanddates are accepta(le$ the preferred one s #arked .Accepted

and preferred.. /f decson could not (e #ade usn! :ap/nfo$ @oo!le

Earth and panora#c pctures$ then .Decision to 8e %ade at ti%e of

TSS. whle .Conditionall# accepted for TSS. ndcates that a

canddate s accepta(le f certan condtons are #et. Ths s depcted

very clearly n the (elow pctures of :ap /nfo and @oo!le Earth vews.

The @reen color astersk s for .Accepted and preferred.$ -lue s for

NAcceptedN$ Vellow s for .Conditionall# accepted for TSS.and 8ed

s for ReBected*

F! 3.1* Kew of +8 valdaton 0anddates

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F! 3.2* @oo!le Earth Kew of +8 valdaton 0anddates

8ecord of the +8 canddate s updated n the +8 Trackn! heet.

+fter evaluaton$ response s sent (ack to Pro)ect 8eportn! Tea# for

further nt#aton to u(B0on.

/n case of dicult site* cult ste s a ter# used to dentfy a stewhere canddate cannot (e easly ,nal&ed. Ths #ay (e due to a

nu#(er of reasons lke +rport or 0anton#ent area$ no proper

ownershp docu#ents$ stay or court case e%sts$ no electrcty

avala(le$ nor#al cvl works not poss(le or (order8an!ers area. pon

+8 su(#sson$ check the prevous record of any canddate su(#tted

for ths partcular ste n the +8 Trackn! heet. /f prevous canddates

are found$ check the reason of re)ecton. 'erent stuatons are

poss(le. o#e of the cases are dscussed (elow*

Canton%ent 9 Airport Funnel Area:

0heck whether the canddate falls e%actly n front of funnel area or n

area of l#ted he!ht. /f t s n front of the Funnel$ the canddate s

useless.


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canddates and ,nal&e accepta(le one.

No 4?nership Docu%ents:

/f ownershp docu#ents are not avala(le for a partcular canddate$

+8 for another canddate wthn the earch 8adus wth proper

ownershp docu#ents s to (e su(#tted. /f t falls n the @overn#ent

land$ the pro(a(lty s that no one wll have ownershp docu#ents. /n

such case check the optons at the ed!es of the @overn#ent land.

Sta#9Court Case:

/f there s a stay or court case a!anst the land$ u(con should ensure

whether t wll (e settled shortly or s t a prolon!ed stay. /f the stay slon!Bter#$ other alternatves need to (e consdered.

No Po?er Suppl#:

o#et#es electrcty s not avala(le n the vcnty or t cannot (e

e%tended to the ste due to con!ested populaton or other le!al ssues.

/n such a stuaton the ste has to (e #oved to wthn 2k# of the

nearest locaton where electrcty s avala(le.

Rangers9)order Area:

/n stuatons where a canddate falls n 8an!ers area or near -order$

the ,nal locaton s to (e decded n a )ont vst wth the 8an!ers or

-order ecurty Force.

+ccordn! to Pakstan Teleco##uncaton +uthorty PT+; rules and

re!ulartes*

Vou cannot nstall a ste wthn the 1?S# dstance fro#

nternatonal (order. The !nal should not penetrate n the ?2 S# radus of the

/nternatonal (order.

Ci&il "or(s Issue:

/n con!ested populaton$ there s a chance that proper access s not

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possi8leor plot s&es are not ade"uate wthn earch 8adus. /n such

stuaton$ the cvl tea# has to check whether 0o#pact des!n s

poss(le. /f not poss(le$ u(con s to (e drected to hunt new

canddate. /f nor#al foundaton s not poss(le due to h!her water

level under the land$ ple foundaton s re"ured$ (ut t should (e

avoded to ts #a%#u# as ts a costly soluton.

The re#ann! procedure s as for the


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also (e asked whle scheduln!. The 8E representatve resolves all the

le!al ssues at the t#e of T.

/n case of harn! tes wth other operators$ Pro)ect 0ontrol tea# has

to coordnate wth that operators concerns ,rst so that ther resources

are al!ned t#ely. Then$ the tentatve plan s oated to 8F Plannn!

tea#. +fter recevn! T schedule fro# 8F Plannn! tea#$ the P0

tea# has to oat ths schedule to the host operators concerns as well

alon! wth the #entoned earler for nor#al stes.

The whole process of scheduln! T shall (e co#pleted wthn 4

hours t#e. /t s preferred to schedule the stes for the co#n! week on

Frday of each week.

Perfor%ing TSS:

T s a process to select the (est suted canddate for the

constructon of planned cell ste fro# 8F as well as cvl and

#ple#entaton perspectve.

-efore !on! to the T vst$ 8F Plannn! en!neer notes down all the


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populaton trend;. The dense populaton has pro(a(lty of !eneratn!

#ore trac$ so the ste should (e type 3 or 4. The ste should type 2

for less dense$ scattered and rural populaton as well as for roads. The

covera!e re"ure#ents n ur(an$ su(ur(an$ rural areas and on roads

are d'erent. /n ur(an areas stes are very #uch close to each other$ so

he!hts of antennas are kept low usually (etween 2?#B3?#;. /n su(B

ur(an areas populaton s (t scattered$ hence stes are a dstance and

also antenna he!hts are #ore as well usually (etween 25#B35#;. /n

rural areas and on roads populatons s "ute scattered$ so stes are at

consdera(le dstance an antenna he!hts are also h!h usually

(etween 3?#B45#;. The covera!e n all these d'erent cate!ores can

(e dstr(uted as shown / ,!ures (elow*

5r8an Areas

Su8 5r8an Areas

Rural Areas

Roads * 2igh?a#s

5r8an Area:

41


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F! 3.3* r(an area 0overa!e

Site Sharing:Please see the attach#ent for the te harn! process O the 8F forshared tes (elow*

te harn! B9perators as Aost.v

te harn! BTelenor as Aost.vsd

Won! 8F>>8143C0B>A8B6356.

SSRF forshared Sites

42


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F! 3.4* r(an :ap /nfo Kew

F! 3.5* r(an @oo!le Earth Kew

43


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Su8 5r8an area

F! 3.6* u(Br(an area 0overa!e

44


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F! 3.7* u(ur(an :ap /nfo Kew

F! 3.* u(ur(an @oo!le Earth Kew

45


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Rural Area:

F! 3.=* 8ural area 0overa!e

F! 3.1?* 8ural :ap /nfo Kew

46


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F! 3.11* 8ural @oo!le Earth Kew

Roads * 2igh?a#s:

F! 3.12* 8oads 0overa!e

47


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F! 3.13* 8oads :ap /nfo Kew

F! 3.14* 8oads @oo!le Earth Kew

4


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The canddate s selected such that cell ste should #eet all 8F

o()ectves lke (en! wthn the radus etc. /f there s an o(stacle

present near the hunted canddate then ts nfor#aton lke

coordnates$ he!ht should (e carefully #easured. /f the o(stacle s far

than dou(le the dstance of tower he!ht$ then t wouldnt cause any

pro(le#s. /f t s wthn that dstance and n front of any of planned

auths$ t wll cause severe (lockn!. Aence$ that canddate s

re)ected and the vendor s asked to hunt the new one. 0anddate /

should (e ver,ed wth 8E (efore (en! recorded to avod confuson n

future.

Site Design Finali3ation

8eturnn! fro# T vst$ the Plannn! !uy checks the purpose of ste

as covera!e or capacty ste. ecdes the desred dstance of covera!eand check whether the planned he!htsantenna types are suta(le for

desred covera!e. Ae!hts should (e such that nterference s

#n#&ed. +lso$ check whether the planned auths are suta(le to

provde covera!e and cater the nulls or h!h utl&ed areas whle

avodn! unnecessary overlaps. For e%a#ple$ whle plannn! a new ste

:@??4$ the sector 1 s planned to cover the populaton n null of

:@??3$ sector 2 covers null of :@??5 and sector 3 for catern!

:@?12 null populaton. Ths can (e seen fro# pctures (elow*

4=


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F! 3.15* :ap /nfo vew

F! 3.16* @oo!le Earth vew

#larly$ antenna tlts are used n ur(an areas to prevent overshoot.

Tlts are ad)usted f re"ured. +ll these evaluatons and ad)ust#ents are

#ade usn! +ET the 8F Plannn! Tool;. /f chan!es were #ade n thedes!n$ then update the es!n 0han!es colu#n n T pdate heet.

8F Plannn! tea# then sends the T +cceptance8e)ecton status (y

noon the ne%t day and the ,lled T8 after dscusson wth es!n

Fnal&aton 8espons(le person; wthn 2 workn! days of the T

perfor#ed to The Pro)ect 0ontrol Tea#. The P0 tea# forwards the T8

of the accepted stes to the /#ple#entaton depart#ent for te

constructon.

The ,nal te des!n s co#pared wth the -T ste type (efore ,lln!

the detals n the :aster plan.

teTypesTe#plate.%ls

5?


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RF Data8ase 5pdate:

8F plannn! tea# #e#(er ,lls the - heet for the ste data and

se!#ent data of newly valdated stes. The for#at of such sheets can(e seen fro# the te#plate.

4*XPlannn!X4ata(aseXa#ple 4-

/nputs lke Tower he!ht$ Phase$ te Type and 0on,!uraton re

!athered fro# the latest central no#nal sheet. hereas$ te coB

ordnates$ +cceptance status$ ate of T$ TP and Kendorrepresentatves$ 0anddate accepted etc are taken fro# the T

update sheet. The se!#ent ata nfor#aton s ,lled after dscusson

wth the person who went on the T or fro# the ,lled T8. For

antenna Power$ we are currently usn! only 2 values .e. 41 d- for @:B

=?? and 3.5 for 0B1??. 0lutter and ca(net type s de,ned on the

(ass of area pro,le and des!n (en! used. :ostly ca(net type used s

9utdoor$ whereas$ :ap/nfo@oo!le EarthT /nfor#aton s used for

clutter de,nton. /t s #portant to note that for ual (and stes

havn! (oth @:B=?? and 0B1?? +ntennas;L se!#ent data

nfor#aton for sectors 5$ 6$ 7 has to (e entered as well. /f ste s only

0 (and$ t wll have se!#ent data nfor#aton for only sectors 5$ 6$ 7

and $ whereas$ no nfor#aton for sectors 1$ 2$ 3$ and 4 wll (e edted.

9nce the 8F - update s co#pleted t s oated to 8F -

ad#nstrator for weekly ,le updaton.

"or( Pac(age 6eri'cation:

ork packa!e Ker,caton s a procedure for evaluaton of the ,nal&ed

8F des!n for a partcular ste (efore #ple#entaton. The tea#s

nvolved n ths process are 8F Plannn!$ Pro)ect 0ontrol$ te es!n

and /#ple#entaton. Ths process s to ensure on t#e #ple#entaton

51


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of the planned stes hence avodn! any unnecessary delays n the

overall rollout.

The 8F Plannn! tea# sends the T8 to Pro)ect 0ontrol tea#. The P0

tea# forwards the T8 to u(con who prepares the work packa!e

contann! the co#plete des!n of that partcular ste and sends t to

the P0 tea#. The P0 tea# then sends the work packa!e to the te

es!n for des!n ver,catons. +fter ver,caton$ te des!n tea#

provdes the work packa!e of the accepted canddate for ,nal revew

to 8F tea#. The 8F T report s e%tracted fro# the work packa!e for

ver,caton. The 8F Plannn! tea# ver,es the ste na#e and canddate

na#e wth latest :ap/nfo weekly ,les. /n case$ any concerned ste s

not present n weekly ,les$ consult the latest 8F data (ase.

The lon!tude and lattude present on T8 and on :ap/nfo weekly

,les are carefully ver,ed. +ll other 8F para#eters lke ste type$ tower

he!ht$ antenna type$ antenna auths$ antenna he!hts$ antennatlts$ T date$ TP and vendor representatve and vendor are also

ver,ed. /n case$ f certan ,elds are not ver,ed$ consult the latest T

update sheet for the or!nal values and #ake the correctons n the 8F

data (ase or n the T8.

The response of the accepted work packa!es are provded to the ste

des!n tea# for #ple#entaton and re)ected response for nonBver,ed

work packa!es wll (e sent to ste des!n tea# for resu(#sson of

work packa!e. /f there s a need to chan!e certan para#eters lke

+ntenna auth$ he!ht or tlt then that partcular work packa!e s

re)ected and te es!n tea# s asked to send the #od,ed one.

Flown! (ack$ 8F Plannn! has to send the #od,ed T8 to Pro)ect

0ontrol Tea# whch then sends the updated verson to te es!n

tea# and afterwards the work packa!e reaches 8F Plannn! tea# for

ver,caton. 0orrectons #ade should also (e updated n the data (ase

as well as n the ne%t weekly :ap/nfo ,les.

The record of the work packa!e ver,caton s also #antaned. The

te#plate used for ths can (e seen n te#plate. Fll n the te /$

0anddate na#e$ Kendor$ ork Packa!e recevn! date$ 8esponse and

8esponse sendn! date and co##entsf any; colu#ns n ths sheet.

52


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4*XPlannn!X4ata(aseXork Pack

Chapter ;: PRE>LA5NC2 4PTIIGATI4N

PreB>aunch 9pt#&aton

/nternal /nterfaces

E%ternal /nterfaces

SP/ 0o##t#ent

escrpton of Feld +udt Testn!

te rve Test +nalyss Ta(le descrpton

53


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Pre>Launch 4pti%i3ation

Pre-Launch Optimization is done for the newly integrated sites that come on-air in

the cluster of already on-air sites.

The main responsibilities of the Pre-Launch Optimization include !onducting the Pre-Launch "ri#e Test completely which in#ol#es a thorough

chec$ing of the site elapsing for more than four hours.

!omplete testing of hardware is done so as to ensure that the upcoming site

does not create any trouble for the e%isting customers in the #icinity.

On-site Resolution of any issues that are encountered on a newly R!O site

with the help of implementation team.

Optimization of the &ite after "ri#e testing the site and putting it in &oft

Launch.

The PreB>aunch process nvolves (oth nternal and e%ternal nterfaceswhch are*

INTERNAL INTERFACES:

Fre=uenc# Planning tea% +Internal RF>Interface,Plannn! tea# s respons(le for fre"uency plannn!$ ne!h(or

creaton and necessary data(ase creaton re"uest at (oth Interface, Post launch opt#&aton s only nvolved n the acceptance of

the new stes fro# the preBlaunch tea# (ased on the SP/s and

)ust,catons.

ProBect Control 4ce +Internal I%ple%entation Interface,Pro)ect control tea# s nvolved n t#ely nt#aton of new stes

ready for T. Pro)ect control wll #ake sure that the stes sent for T

have the per#anent power or for that #atter enou!h fuel for the T

actvty. Ths tea# s also respons(le for har#on&n! the ste status

throu!hout the network.

Pre Launch 4pti%i3ation tea% +Internal RF>Interface,PreB>aunch tea# s respons(le for conductn! the T$ des!n

analyss$ reco##endaton O respons(le for preBlaunch SP/s for new

stes.

54


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EHTERNAL INTERFACES: NSN I%ple%entation tea%+E@ternal I%ple%entation>Interface,


56/135


/ Thi( ti'e i( .ariable on ca(e to ca(e ba(i(, here onl* the or(t ca(e ha( beenpro0ecte!% Moreo.er thi( ti'e 'a* !ela* e.en 'ore a( per the re1uire'ent o/ thei'ple'entation tea'%

F! 4.1* PreB>aunch 9pt#&aton Process Flow

Inti%ation

oon after the stes are receved fro# the pro)ect control oce$ ther T

plan would (e #ade and oated to all the concerned tea#


57/135


Acceptance

+ co#prehensve preBlaunch report would (e !enerated at the t#e of

acceptance. 9nce the ste s accepted (y the post launch opt#&aton

tea# the ste status would (e chan!ed to co##ercal launch (y pro)ect

control tea#.

PI Co%%it%ent

Follown! are the SP/ thresholds for ,eld testn!*

The HOS( 0Handover su**ess rate1 wth ,rst O second ter

ne!h(ors shall (e (etter than =7J de!radaton caused (y T0A

(lockn! wll not (e consdered;. +lso ths tar!et threshold wll (eonly consdered n cases where there s accepta(le overlappn!

covera!e (etween stes.

()2ualsa#ples* =5J of sa#ples wll (e wthn ran!e of ? to 4

and there s no e%ternal nterference and fre"uency spectru# s

clean n that partcular area provded that there s a covera!e

overlap (etween the new ste and ts e%stn! ne!h(ors;.

The Call Setup Su**ess rate 0CSS( 3SS1 shall (e (etter than=7J -locked calls due to crcut unavala(lty are e%cluded;

The ropped Call (ate 0C(1shall (e less than 1J provded

that there s a covera!e overlap n the T area;.

N4TE*+ll 'ea(ure'ent( # (tati(tic( (hall be ba(e! on !ri.e

te(ting u(ing po(t proce((ing tool pre/erabl* +cti$ or e1ui.alent

po(t proce((ing tool%

Follo?ing PI threshold need to 8e ensure fro% Stats +A&erage

of one ?ee(,:

The HOS( 04n*oming & outgoing1 shall (e (etter than =5J

con!eston ssues wll (e e%cluded;. +lso ths tar!et threshold wll

(e only consdered n cases where there s accepta(le

57


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overlappn! covera!e (etween stes.

TA samples* /ntally =5J of sa#ples wll (e wthn foot prnt of

the cells (ased on #orpholo!y class O nter ste dstance; and

the tar!et wll (e to have =J of sa#ples wthn foot prnt of the

cells after a perod of 4 weeks fro# co##ercal launch. Ths to

avod over shootn!.

The Call Setup Su**ess rate 0CSS( 3SS1shall (e (etter than

=7J con!eston ssues wll (e e%cluded;

The ropped Call (ate 0C(1shall (e less than 1.5J provded

that there s a covera!e overlap (etween the new ste and ts

e%stn! ne!h(ors;.

N4TE:+ll 'ea(ure'ent(#(tati(tic( (hall be ba(e! on (tat(

pro.i!e! b* regional RF-Po(t launch opti'iation tea'(

Description of Field Audit9Testing

RF>Design &eri'cation

PreBlaunch r!!ers would verfy des!n detals for each and every cell of

the respectve ste. +ny dscrepances fro# the planned con,!uratons

would (e escalated to #ple#entaton onBste tea# and rect,ed onB

ste.

Site Dri&e Test Anal#sis

Dri&e Route details

T would (e conducted for a cell tll the ne!h(orn! ste. /n case

ne!h(orn! ste cannot (e reached (y road


59/135


Full -00A (and can #ode testn! would (e done for each

cell. The route for scan #ode testn! would (e the sa#e as

for lon! call testn! and E@E@P8 dyna#c testn!. 8%B

>ev would (e analy&ed fro# ths test.

Long Call

>on! 0all would (e #ade for an n,nte perod n each sector

of a te. 8%Bual$ ropped calls$ (locked calls$ A9 +nalyss

would (e e%tracted fro# ths testn!

Short Call9ver the sa#e route of the lon! call$ short call testn! would

(e conducted. 5? or #ore short call would (e #ade n each

cell where each call would (e of 1? sec duraton wth 3 sec

nterval (etween the calls. Feld level SP/s lke 08$ (locked

calls would (e e%tracted fro# ths test.

TRH Test Callucent nu#(er of calls would (e #ade n a cell so as to

check each T8M for two scenaros na#ely$ #ute calls$

voce dstorton.

The ,eld test SP/ ta(le n te rve test analyss secton would (e a

su##aton of (oth >on! call O hort call testn!. The results of (oth the

testn! would (e ncorporated n the ta(le and the co#prehensve

detals for any dropped$ (locked call$ A9 falure found n any of the

tests would (e dscussed n the last secton of co##ents O reasons.

PS call testing

Two level P call testn! would (e perfor#ed at the t#e T na#ely*

Static %ode testing

plnk O downlnk throu!hput would (e ver,ed fro# ths test.

9nly FTP ,le uploadn! and downloadn! would (e tested. + 1 :-

,le would ,rst (e uploaded and then downloaded fro# the server.

ATTP would (e tested n the yna#c #ode testn! only.

5=


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D#na%ic %ode testing

#lar to the short call$ dyna#c #ode test would (e conducted

over the sa#e route as for the lon! call. Ths test would (e

conducted to check downloadn! fro# an ATTP server$ #ore than

1? :- ,le would (e downloaded fro# an ATTP server. :oreover> throu!hput wth the codn! sche#e usa!e alon! wth

E@@P8 terrtory would (e analy&ed fro# ths test as well.

Site Dri&e Test Anal#sis Ta8le Description

Each colu#n n ths ta(le s a su##aton of the call scenaros fro#

>on! 0all testn!$ short call testn! O T8M testn!. o n all total

nu#(er of calls esta(lshed whle testn! one cell would (e

ndependent fro# another cell. #larly all the ropped call$ (lockedcalls$ and A9 analyss would (e a su##aton of all the call scenaros

stated a(ove. Aandover analyss would (e a su##aton of ntra cell O

nter cell for se!#ent. #larly falures would (e the su##aton of

ntra O nter cell scenaros. 0o#prehensve descrpton of each falure

case would (e dscussed at the end of the report.

Feld test SP/s would (e e%tracted and reported for all the call

scenaros dscussed n the a(ove ta(le. etaled co##ents would (e

provded n case of falure to #eetn! any ,eld test SP/s.

Field Testing Plots

8%B>ev u( d(# O servn! cell plots would (e e%tracted fro# the scan

#ode testn!$ whle 8%Bual u( d(# would (e e%tracted fro# the lon!

call testn!. 0/ plot alon! wth all the P !raphs ncludn! E@E@P8

terrtory$ codn! sche#e usa!e and > throu!hput would (e reported

fro# the P dyna#c #ode testn!.

Pre>aunch8eportCte#plate.%ls

6?


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PreB>aunch

9pt#&aton Process

PreB>aunch 8edes!n+ctvty.vsd

61


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Chapter J: IND44R S4L5TI4NS

/ntroducton

/ndoor types

/ndoor +ntennas

+ctve /-

:arketn! de#and

/ntal 8F urvey O 8eportn!

/ndoor Path loss :odels

te +cceptance

62


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Introduction:

/ndoor stes are (ult to cater capacty and covera!e ssues n ndoor

co#pounds where outdoor #acro ste cant (e a !ood soluton ./n

dense ur(an clutter where (uldn!s structures and ndoor

envron#ent losses are "ute lar!e for #acro ste whch #akes ts an

napproprate soluton. @enerally oors under!round (ase#ents and

lower !round; have poor 8/. :a)or part of reectons takes place

fro# !round and (ecause of ths porton (elow !round have poor s!nal

covera!e.

9n the other hand oors a(ove thrd have "ualty and 08 ssues. ue

to fewer o(stacles n the >9 path$ path losses are less co#pared to

!round oors. There s a #ultservers envron#ent due to less path

losses and cells overshootn! whch leads to pn! pon! handovers and

nterference ssues./n ur(an areas there are (uldn!s that !enerate h!h trac loads lke

co##ercal (uldn!s$ ocesL shoppn! #alls #ay need ndoor

syste#s to take care of the trac de#ands. For such areas ndoor s

the ecent soluton re!ardn! cost$ covera!e and capacty.

/n ndoors downlnk s the crtcal lnk n the ar nterface. There s no

need to use the uplnk dversty n an ndoor syste# or use a#pl,ers

lke T:+ for #provn! the uplnk s!nal .:ultBantenna ndoor syste# s

provdn! dversty as uplnk s!nals receved (y several antennas.

Indoor )ase station 6ersus Repeaters*

8epeaters are #anly used for covera!e of dead &ones$ shadows$ n

(uldn! covera!e or other areas wth nade"uate s!nal stren!th. The

output power of the repeater s enou!h to cover an area whch s

shadowed or s an ndoor envron#ent. 8epeaters used a repeater unt

and dstr(uted antenna syste# whch #erely a#pl,es the outdoor

#acro ste s!nals. For an ndoor ste ndoor #etro -T alon! wth

dstr(uted antenna syste# s deployed. /ndoor ste s used to cater

capacty as well covera!e re"ure#ents whereas repeater only looksfor covera!e. 8epeaters are costBe'ectve soluton for s#all scale

covera!e ssues n s#all oces and parkn! etc.

Indoor T#pes:

icro Cells:

63


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:cro cells consttute #ost of the ndoors deployed for -T covera!e.

They are #ore costly and also on lar!e scale wth respect to Fe#to or

Pco cells. They consst of ndoor #cro #etro -T and dstr(uted

antenna syste# for s!nal propa!aton n ndoor envron#ent .sually

they have passve co#ponents (ut where lar!e dstance to (e re"ured

a#pl,ers especally optcal a#pl,ers are deployed.

Pico cells:

+ Pco cell s wreless co##uncaton syste# typcally covern! a s#all

area$ such as nB(uldn! oces$ shoppn! #alls$ tran statons$ etc.;$

or #ore recently nBarcraft. + Pco cell s analo!ous to a /F/ access

pont. /n cellular wreless networks$ such as @:$ the Pco cell (ase

staton s typcally a low cost$ s#all typcally the s&e of a sheet of +4paper and a(out 2B3c# thck;$ reasona(ly s#ple unt that connects to

a -ase taton 0ontroller -0;. :ultple Pco cell NheadsN connect to

each -0* the -0 perfor#s rado resource #ana!e#ent and handB

over functons$ and a!!re!ates data to (e passed to the :o(le

wtchn! 0entre :0; andor the @P8 upport


65/135


Passi&e I)S

:ostly passve /- s deployed as an ndoor soluton. Passve /-

contans spltters$ couplers$ attenuators$ co#(ners$ coa%al ca(le$ +

(ut there s no actve ele#ent nvolved.

Acti&e I)S

+ctve /- s !enerally used when the E/8P re"ured s #ore than the

avala(le. sually ths happen when dstance nvolve are lar!e and

antenna ele#ents are #ore as well. +ctve /- s actually a hy(rd /-

as t contans an actve co#ponent repeater; and passve /-.

Indoor Antennas:

Pr#ary +ntenna types n /- des!n are*

4%ni directional antenna

Directional antenna

Lea(# ca8le

4%ni Directional Antennas

Trans#ts s!nal n all drectons

>ow !an

Aor&ontal drecton patter n all over the place (ut vertcal

drecton concentrated so !an provded.

eneral speci'cations of 4%ni Antenna:

@an 2B3 d(

-ea# wdth 36? Polar&ed Kertcal

K8 R1.

65


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F! 5.1* 9#n rectonal +ntennas

Directional Antennas:

Trans#ts s!nal n a spec,ed drecton

A!h !an

@an 5 d-. @an 5d-.Aor&ontal - =? de!.Aor&ontal - =? de!.K8 R 2 K8R1.5Polar&edB KertcalPolar&edB Kertcal

F! 5.2* rectonal +ntennas

Lea(# Coa@ial Ca8le

Trans#ts s!nal alon! path of the coa%al ca(le

0ontans closely spaced slots n the outer conductor of the ca(le

to trans#t8eceve s!nals

66


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Losses in lea(# ca8le:

Two types of losses are there n leaky ca(le.

Z Feeder lossB ca(le attenuaton loss

Z 0oupln! lossB+vera!e s!nal level d'erence (etween the ca(le

and dpole antenna at dstance of 6# appro%.

F! 5.3* >osses n ca(les

Po?er Splitters

Z pltters are used to splt antenna feeder network power e"uallyover the output ports.

Z Two way$ three way and four way spltters are !enerally used.

Splitters Loss:

2Bay pltter >oss U around 3 d(

3Bay pltter >ossB around 5d(

4Bay pltter >ossB around 6d(

/nserton loss for these spltters s ? .2d(.

67


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F! 5.4* pltters pec,catons

Po?er Couplers:

Z 0ouplers are used to splt antenna feeder power une"ually

a#on! output ports.

Z 0ouplers have tapcoupln! loss and throu!h loss e.! 1??.5

coupler #eans ts coupln! loss s 1? whle throu!h loss s 5.

6


69/135


Z 0ouplers !enerally are avala(le n ratn!s of 3$ 6$ 7$ 1?$ 15 O 2?

d(.

F! 5.5* Power 0ouplers

6=


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F! 5.6* 0ouplerspec,catons

Attenuators:

+ttenuators are used to reduce E/8P at antennas where less

E/8P re"ured (ut the other antennas re"ured h!h E/8P.

+ttenuators are of values 3$ 5$ 7$ 1? etc.

F #.&: Atte>at/r7

7?


71/135


Acti&e I)S:

0overa!e syste#s for actve /- conssts of follown!

Z -ase staton :aster nt -:;

Z F(er optcs dstr(utonsZ 8e#ote unts 8;

2The (olution !i(cu((e! i( a .en!or (peci3c an! co'ponentna'e#(peci3cation 'a* .ar*, hoe.er /unction o/ 'ain co'ponentre'ain( the (a'e4

F! 5.* +ctve soluton layout

)ase Station aster 5nit:

Z /nterface (etween -T and 8e#ote unts

Z 0o#(nes 8F s!nals and converts the# to optcal !nals to (e

used (y re#ote unts.

71


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F! 5.=* -ase staton :aster nt

BMU con(i(t o/ /olloing part(:

Z Kara(le +ttenuator :odule K+:;

Z 8F 0o#(ner :odule 80:;

Z 9ptcal 0onverter :odule 90:;

Z F(er 9ptcs


73/135


RF Co%8iner odule

Z Passve 8F co#(nn! part of -:.

Z E"ual&es$ co#(nes and ,lter s!nal fro# each -T for

uplnkdownlnk

Per F9ayout sketch

8/ and 0/ of stron! servers n d'erent locaton of ndoor ste

usn! TE: pocket vew #ode.


74/135


Indoor Site E&aluation*

+fter the survey t s checkout f any #od,catons Aard oft0han!es; can (e done to the e%stn! ne!h(orn! ste to #prove the

condton at the a'ected area. 9therwse te s evaluated as to (e an

ndoor :cro or wall #ounted #etro accordn! to the locaton$

re"ure#ents and condtons.

RF Sur&e# ?ith Koor Plan:

9nce the ndoor ste s ,nal&ed$ oor +rchtectural Plans are

re"uested fro# (uldn! +uthortes.

8F survey wth Floor Plans s carred$ 8/ s checked O recorded

at each and every part of the ndoor envron#ent and 0/ s

checked at worst.

TE: dle #ode lo! ,les for d'erent oors are #ade usn! oor

plans provded.

urn! the 8F survey etaled +nalyss9(servatons of the

(uldn!envron#ent s carred out as well as what s the celn!

thckness$ oor he!hts$ thckness of the walls n (etween oors$

thn walls and ther thckness.

+ntenna locatons are ,nal&ed usn! tradtonal 8ay tracn!

techn"ues-y s#ply analy&n! how reectons and propa!aton

!on! to occur;

74


75/135


F! 5.12* 8/ of d'erent servers wth oor plans

ar(ing of Priorit# Area:

/n ndoor areas lke oces and #eetn! roo#s etc have usually h!h

prorty. 9n the other hand areas lke #os"ues$ !y#s etc have low

prortes. #larly area n whch outdoor #acro covera!e and "ualty

s satsfactory should not (e ncluded n ntended covera!e area for

ndoor ste. For h!h prorty area covera!e should (e around B75 d(#

at each pont whle for low prorty area levels should (e around B5d(#.

75


76/135


F! 5.13* Prorty area #arkn! for an ndoor ste locaton

Indoor Antenna Place%ent*

+ntenna place#ent s the #ost crucal step n ndoor plannn!.

Follown! o(servatons should (e consdered durn! antenna

place#ent*

+ntennas especally 9#n drectonal antennas should (e placed

at central&ed locatons. Panels should (e placed n the corners of corrdors or where

des!n de#ands whle keepn! n vew the splla!e of ndoor

s!nals.

+ntennas should (e placed at h!h elevatons where people cant

touch the# as t wll a'ect the perfor#ance.

9(stacle free path should (e provded for antennas otherwse

covera!e n ndoor wll su'er a lot.

+ntennas should (e placed away fro# conductve o()ects.

E%posure levels of the ndoor 8F s!nals are (elow 8F safetystandard of A9$ /8P+$ /EEE and F00. Aowever dscretely placed

antenna wll reduce the unnecessary pu(lc concerns a(out 8F

e%posure.

76


77/135


/f the (uldn! wth low trac capacty s to (e planned antennas

should (e placed n &!&a! #anner such to !et an even

dstr(uton of s!nals as depcted n ,!. (elow

F! 5.14* /#prove#ent n ndoor covera!e

Indoor Capacit# Calculations:

Su8scri8ers

Trac9su8

Total TC2Trac

)CC2

SDCC2

PRS

TotalTi%eslots

FinalTr@

Capacit#Planned

400 18 m E 7.2 Erlang 1 1 1 13 2 9.0096 Erla

Follown! are re"ured for ndoor capacty calculatons*

0apacty to (e catered


78/135


T0A T#eslots a!anst re"ured capacty s calculated fro# Erlan!

- ta(le usn! 2J @9.

00A and @P8 t#eslots are planned accordn!ly to predcted

su(scr(er usa!e.

0apacty d#ensonn!$ covera!e and "ualty standards foroces etc should (e h!her than ndoor cells at pu(lc locaton

e.! shoppn! #alls etc.

IND44R PAT2 L4SS 4DELS:

eenan>otle# odel:

>ke 9ka#uraBAata #odel s developed as a statstcal #odel for

outdoor #acro stes$ SeenanB:otley #odel s co##only used for

ndoor path loss calculatons.

>H path loss d -;

fH fre"uency :A&;

SH nu#(er of oors traversed

dH trans#tter to recever separaton

FH Floor attenuaton factorPH nu#(er of walls traversed (y drect wave

H wall attenuaton factor d -;

H >near attenuaton factor .2 d(# after ndoor (reakpont;

(H ndoor (reakpont usually 65#

2Floor attenuation /actor i( generall* not con(i!ere! %5t i( con(i!ere!

that the antenna on one 6oor ill (er.e that 6oor, (o u(uall* 7eenan-

'otle* (i'pli3e! /or' u(e!4

eenan>otle# si%pli'ed for%:

7


79/135


5ostly tis 6ormula is used 6or pat loss *al*ulations

L +d8, 0log +; f9c, M 0logd M N?!"

>H path loss d -;fH fre"uency :A&;cH speed of l!ht 3I1?\ #s;


80/135


Envron#ent

E%ponentn Propa!aton

0orrdors 1.4 B 1.=ave!udance

>ar!e openroo#s 2

Free spaceloss

Furnshedroo#s 3

Free spaceloss D#ultpath

enselyfurnshed

roo#s 4

9$d'racton$scattern!

-etweend'erent

oors 5

>ossesdurn! oor wall

traversesTa(le 5.1* For path loss e%ponent

EIRP Re=uired:

ERP EIRP ML +d8, 4r EIRP ERP > L +d8,

here E8PH B75 d(#

> d(; H path loss

Fro# a(ove e"uaton theoretcal E/8P re"ured for each antennaele#ent s calculated. To acheve these E/8P values passve ele#ents

are arran!ed accordn!ly and throu!h lnk (ud!et E/8P are

recalculated.

Lin( )udget:

>nk -ud!et calculatons are used to calculate the output power d(; at

each antenna ele#ent. Passve co#ponent coupler$ spltter and

attenuator losses; and feeder ca(le losses are su(tracted fro# -T

output power. >nk (ud!et calculatons are #ade for (and to (e usedfor ndoor @:0:T.

EIRP Pout )TS M a Lf > Lc> Ls La

Pout -TH -T output power at antenna connector

?


81/135


@aH +ntenna !an d(;

>fH Feeder loss

>cH 0oupler loss

>sH pltter loss

>aH +ttenuator loss

F! 5.15* >nk -ud!et 0alculatons

RF Indoor Plan:

+fter the path loss and lnk (ud!et calculatons 8F plan s #ade oor(y oor on the autocad layout of the (uldn!. 0are should (e takenwhle ad)ustn! the +uto0+ scale. +lso antenna$ ca(le len!ths and

passve ele#ents should (e drawn accurately accordn! to the plan.

1


82/135


F! 5.16* 8F ndoor Plan for a oor

F! 5.17* :easure#ents for 0a(le len!ths

2


83/135


Antenna tree diagra%:

+ntenna tree da!ra# s #ade to have a "uck overvew of the /-des!n. 0are should (e taken whle calculatn! the len!ths.

F! 5.1* +ntenna Tree da!ra#

3


84/135


Indoor E=uip%ent List:

F! 5.1=* /ndoor E"up#ent >st

Indoor Site fre=uenc# planning:

Fre"uency plannn! s perfor#ed #anually selectn! suta(le

fre"uences (y carefully analy&n! the ne!h(orn! fre"uences.

E%clude the coBchannel and ad)acent fre"uences whch wll lkely tonterfere.

Fro# the re#ann! set choose the fre"uency that #ost lkely to cause

nterference. -00A fre"uency should (e the least dstur(ed. Aoppn!

on several fre"uences wll s#ooth out the nterference.

4


85/135


Follown! need to (e consdered f two #uch clean fre"uency optons

e%st*

/ncrease s!nal stren!th of ndoor cell.

+llocate dedcated 3B5 fre"uences for ndoor cells.

8edes!n the fre"uency plan.

5n!oor (ite( in our netork are (ingle cell8 (ingle ban! (ite(, (o no/re1uenc* reu(e i( !one in in!oor4

Site Acceptance:

9nce the ndoor ste s #ple#ented ste acceptance re"uest s #ade

(y vendorssu( cons. /#ple#entaton tea# wll take care of K8

calculatons$ antenna !roundn! etc. Follown! s re"ured fro# 8F

Tea# for acceptance of the ndoor ste*

4n site Audit

"al( test

Spillage chec(

4n Site Audit:

9n ste ver,caton of the ndoor s perfor#ed to check the antennalocaton as well as the e"up#ent count.

"AL TEST:

Idle ode:

alk test n dle #ode for the ndoor ste s perfor#ed to check the

8/ and 0/ of ndoor ste. >o!,les are #ade on the oor plans

provded. /n case of vendor plannn! walk test report s to (e provded

(y the#;.

5


86/135


F! 5.2?* 8%B>evel /dle #ode

Dedicated %ode:

edcated #ode walk test s perfor#ed to check the "ualty and

8/ of ndoor after call setup. ualtes of d'erent T8M are also

checked at 8F end (y lockn! the call on d'erent T8Ms. +lso

handovers wth other ne!h(orn! stes s tested.

F! 5.21* 8%Bual edcated #ode

Spillage Chec(:

plla!e s spll of ndoor s!nal outsde the ndoor locaton. plla!e

s !enerally checked 2?# away fro# the perphery of ndoor

6


87/135


co#pound. @enerally B5d(# s set as a threshold and levels (elow

t are pro(le#atc as they wll cause unnecessary handovers on

the ndoor ste. Aowever usn! 0ell 8eselecton 9'set para#eters

and handover control para#eters$ the unnecessary reselectons and

handovers can (e avoded.

F! 5.22* plla!e

Co&erage:

0overa!e s checked at each part of the ndoor co#pound and

should (e wthn the ran!e .

7


88/135


6S"R:

To (e checked (y #ple#entaton.

Para%eters 'ne tuning:

9nce the ste s accepted (y the plannn! tea# t s handed over to

opt#&aton tea#. Fne tunn! of para#eters s perfor#ed to achevethe (elow #entoned SP/s.


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Chapter O: PR4PAATI4N 4DEL T5NIN

/ntroducton

Propa!aton :odel

/#portance of 0al(raton

te selecton O +udts

:easure#ent O ata 0ollecton

0 #easure#ent

:odel 0al(raton ter#nolo!y

The :odel Tunn! process

0al(raton n +ETT 3@

0oncluson

=


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Introduction

/n des!nn! any rado syste#$ a funda#ental task s to predct the

covera!e of a proposed syste# and to deter#ne whether the ntended

servce o()ectves are #et. 9ver the years a wde varety of

approaches have (een developed to predct covera!e usn! what are

known as propa!aton #odels.

Propa!aton n ths conte%t s#ply #eans the transfer or trans#sson

of s!nals fro# the trans#tter to the recever. Propa!aton #odeln! s

an e'ort to predct what happens to s!nals en route fro# the

trans#tter to the recever. 9(vously the s!nal !ets weaker$ and

everyone has e%perenced other s!nal #par#ents such as #ultpath

fadn!.

/f network plannn! s carred out wth the help of a network plannn!

syste# then covera!e plannn!$ fre"uency plannn!$ capacty plannn!$nterference analyss$ do#nance analyss$ handover analyss$ etc. rely

on the propa!aton predctons. /t s thus vtal that rado propa!aton

predctons are as accurate as poss(le takn! nto account the

practcal l#tatons.

Propagation odel

The tradtonal approaches to propa!aton #odeln!$ whch have (een

developed for analo! syste#s$ were ntended only to predct s!nal

attenuaton$ or path loss$ as the s!nal traveled fro# the trans#tter to

the recever. hle these approaches have (een ade"uate for #ost

analo! syste#s$ d!tal syste#s need new techn"ues to produce other

nfor#aton n addton to path loss. Ths nfor#aton #ay actually (e

the controlln! factor on syste# perfor#ance or covera!e$ even when

the s!nalBtoBnose rato s well a(ove the value otherwse necessary to

acheve perfect recepton.

The propa!aton #odel whch s co##only used for #acro cells s

9ku#uraUAata :odel. These #odels are developed (y co#(nn!

propa!aton theory and e%tensve #easure#ent ca#pa!ns. The #odeltakes several para#eters nto account lke e'ectve antenna he!ht$

terran type #orpholo!y;$ and terran he!ht topo!raphy;$ fre"uency$

E/8P$ etc.

The 9ku#uraUAata #odel s selected for analyss whch s (ased on

the e#prcal 9ku#uraBAata 9A; loss for#ula. The 9ku#uraUAata loss

=?


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depends on the dstance$ fre"uency and e'ectve antenna he!ht. The

for#ula assu#es r(an u(ur(an areas.

+ !eneral&ed for# of the Aata statstcal predcton #odel s usually

used n the follown! for#*

PR@ PT@M 1M log +d, M log +2e, M ;D MJlog +2e, log +d, M

Olog +h%e, M clutter

S1$ S2$ S3$ S4$ S5 and S6are coecents that are also present n the

or!nal Aata for#ula$ (ut are left here unspec,ed for further tunn!

for the area. -ut ther values should not (e chan!ed #uch fro# the

or!nal values n the Aata for#ula to keep the #odel structure rela(le.

F! 6.1* Propa!aton :odel para#eters values

The coecent S4whch #ultples a d'racton loss s ncluded to

ad)ust d'racton losses that are caused (y (uldn! or terran

=1


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rre!ulartes n the lneBofBs!ht of the recever. The e'ectve antenna

he!hts for the (ase staton and #o(les$ Ae'and h#e'are calculated (y

consdern! the terran pro,le and the area to (e covered. + clutter

correcton para#eter Sclutters ncluded to adapt the e"uaton to each

#orpholo!cal class.

F! 6.2* Propa!aton :odel para#eters

-efore the d!tal #aps and advanced propa!aton predcton tools can

(e used$ the propa!aton #odel should (e tuned. Propa!aton #odel

tunn! s a t#e consu#n! and teratve process. +uto#atc #odel

tunn! (ased on a rado plannn! tool s therefore of ut#ost

#portance.

I%portance of Cali8ration

:ost propa!aton #odels are suta(le for ether partcular areas

r(an$ u(ur(an$ 8ural$ etc.;$ or spec,c cell radus :acro cell$ :crocell$ Pco cell;. To overco#e ths draw(ack$ the e#prcal #odels

para#eters can (e ad)usted or tuned accordn! to a tar!eted

envron#ent. The propa!aton #odel tunn! #ust opt#&e the #odel

para#eters n order to acheve #n#al error (etween predcted and

=2


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#easured s!nal stren!th. Ths wll #ake the #odel #ore accurate for

receved wreless s!nal predctons.

everal #easure#ents need to (e carred out n order to o(tan data

that can (e used n propa!aton #odel tunn!. sually propa!aton

#easure#ents are only carred out when startn! to plan a new

network$ or f there s an area wth chan!es n the propa!aton

envron#ent$ due to new (uldn!s or roads or f a new fre"uency (and

s taken nto a use.

:odel tunn! #easure#ents re"ure a !ood #easure#ent syste#$ a

wellBprepared #easure#ent plan$ and a lot of e%perence. The a#ount

of #easure#ents depends on the resoluton of the d!tal #ap and the

s&e of the tar!et area.

Test 0 stes locatons need to (e carefully selected for (oth =??:A&

and 1??:A& for each clutter type. The clutter types should (e as

follows*

ense r(an

r(an

u(ur(an

8ural O 8oads

0 rve Test route should (e dent,ed pror to the T andarran!e#ents should (e #ade for the access to all test stes. :ap data

such as he!hts$ clutter and vectors for the area of nterest #ust (e ofaccepta(le resoluton

Site Selection * Audits

tes are selected per clutter type (ased upon the certan crtera.

o#e of these are*

#lar he!hts for the antennas

#lar antenna types and tlts

ervn! the sa#e clutter 8ural8oad was n ths case;

te should not fall n ecurty rsk areas

=3


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F! 6.3* te electon

Ta(le 6.1* elected tes ata

Thorou!h te +udts were perfor#ed to cross check nfor#aton such

as antenna he!hts$ auths$ antenna types and tlts alon! wth

ver,caton of the clutter.

=4


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easure%ent and Data Collection

+fter ste selecton s ,nal&ed$ a drve test s perfor#ed n scan #ode.

9nly the three allotted -00As are scanned. rve Test s carred out tothe area untl B12?d- level s reached. +fter T the stes are reverted

(ack to ther or!nal settn!s.

Pre>re=uisites for Data Collection

The follown! consderatons were o(served for data collecton*

ual -00A was created one ste at a t#e. The reason for creatn! ual -00A was to collect data for the

1?? (and. The three 3; 1?? se!#ents were e"upped wth the -00As

allocated for :etro stes .e. 621$ 623$ 625 on the 1st$ 2ndand 3rd

ectors respectvely;. /#ple#entaton of the a(ove #entoned -00As was done

consdern! the fact that they are not n the 1?? :+ lst. Ths was done n order to have a nonBoverlappn! servce area of

every sn!le cell-00A. Each ste was reverted (ack to ts or!nal settn!s once ts T

was co#pleted.

Ths process was followed for all stes.

C" easure%ent

+ 0 drve test s perfor#ed for the propa!aton #odel tunn! and

assess#ent of the suta(lty of canddate stes fro# (oth covera!e and

nterference aspect. + 0 drve test process can (e (roken down to*

=5


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F! 6.4* 0 :easure#ent process

The test e"up#ent re"ured for 0 rve Testn! nclude a 0

Trans#tter$ a 8ecever wth fast scanner$ a -ase taton Test +ntenna

and accessores lke e%(le coa%al ca(le$ power cord$ @P$ co#pass

and power #eter etc.Test ste should (e selected for propa!aton #odel tunn! so that they

are dstr(uted wthn the clutter under study and the he!ht of the test

ste should (e representatve of the spec,c clutter. 0are should (e

taken not to select ste n hlly area. Trans#t power settn! s set to

#a%#u# trans#t power.

The drve route of the data collecton s planned pror to the drve test

wth the help of a detaled road #ap. 0areful route plannn! s re"ured

to reduce the testn! t#e. Each clutter s tested ndvdually and the

drve route for each test ste s planned to #ap the

rf planning bible

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