revolutionary beginnings and the declaration of independence
TRANSCRIPT
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REVOLUTIONARY BEGINNINGS AND
THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE
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INTRODUCTION• Lexington and Concord
mark turning pt for colonies
• 2 choices: declare independence or continue with petitions and protests
• Patrick Henry supporter of independence “Give me liberty or Give me death”
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The Revolution BeginsThe Big Idea
The tensions between the colonies and Great Britain led to armed conflict in 1775.
Main Ideas
• The First Continental Congress demanded certain rights from Great Britain.
• Armed conflict between British soldiers and colonists broke out with the “shot heard ’round the world.”
• The Second Continental Congress created the Continental Army to fight the British.
• In two early battles, the army lost control of Boston but then regained it.
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Main Idea 2: Armed conflict between British soldiers and colonists broke out with the “shot
heard ’round the world.”The Ride of Paul Revere
Battles at Lexington and Concord
• Massachusetts governor, Thomas Gage, sent British troops to seize weapons at Concord.
• Paul Revere and two others rode to warn colonists.
• Local militia, minutemen, readied for battle.
• April 19, 1775– British troops arrived in Lexington and colonists fire the “shot heard ‘round the world.”
• British Redcoats continue on to Concord but are forced to retreat back to Boston. Their red uniforms made an easy target for Patriot marksmen.
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The War Begins• Second Continental Congress –
decide G Washington will command troops
• Bunker and Breeds hill – overlooked Boston
• Breed’s Hill: took British 3 attempts to take this hill, only did so b/c colonists ran out of gun powder
• Misnamed Bunker Bill, really happened on Breed’s Hill
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Main Idea 4: In two early battles, the army lost
control of Boston but then regained it.Battle of Bunker Hill
• Patriots attacked British at Fort Ticonderoga on May 10, 1775, to seize large supply of weapons.
• Colonial forces fortified Breed’s Hill to prevent British escape from Boston.
• Army of 2,400 Redcoats fought 1,600 Americans at the Battle of Bunker Hill.
• Americans forced to retreat, but only after causing more than 1,000 British casualties.
Dorchester Heights
• General Washington arrived in Boston and took command.
• Cannons were brought in from Fort Ticonderoga.
• On March 4, 1776, Washington moved his army to Dorchester Heights and placed the cannons on Nook’s Hill.
• American troops fired down upon the British.
• The British were forced to retreat from Boston.
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SIEGE OF BOSTON
• G. Washington was a man of order
• Ticonderoga: army only has 36 barrels of gun powder
• Rumor they have 1800 barrels• Sent letters to colonists • for powder and got it
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• Needed artillery – heavy guns and cannons
• Henry Knox goes to Ft. Ticonderoga to get these
• Ticonderoga was old British fort the colonists had seized
• Knox brought 59 cannons onto sleds and dragged them for 300 miles to Boston
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POP QUIZ!!!
• Who said “Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death”?
• Who was put in charge of the Continental Army?
• True or False: The colonists held the British off at the Battle of Bunker Hill
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BRITISH ABANDON BOSTON
• March 4, 1776 colonists lined the ridges of Dorchester Heights with cannons aimed at British
• British left Boston
• Loyalists went with them, rather leave than live with rebels
• Some hoped war was over, Washington knew it was just beginning
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TOWARD INDEPENDENCE
• Olive Branch Petition: asking King George III to end quarrel
• By the time he got it he had called the colonist traitors and ordered to be brought to justice
• This angered colonists and convinced them they needed independence
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COMMON SENSE• Thomas Paine• Stated Americans didn’t owe loyalty
to the King• Americans were suffering under
British control• Sold 120,000 copies in a few months
time• Persuaded that independence was
key to brighter future
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Main Idea 1: Thomas Paine’s Common Sense
led many colonists to support independence.
• Common Sense: 47-page pamphlet written by Thomas Paine, published in January 1776.
– Urged separation from Great Britain.
– Argued that citizens, not monarchs, should make laws.
– Argued for economic freedom and the right to military self-defense.
– Cried out against tyranny, the abuse of government power.
– Reached a wide audience, selling some 500,000 copies.
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THOMAS JEFFERSON
• Excellent writer, chosen as part of committee to write declaration
• Natural Rights: all people born equally and governments are formed to secure personal rights
• King’s Crimes: list of what king had done to colonists
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FINAL BREAK• July 2 - 12 colonies voted for
independence, NY cast no vote• Slavery: took out one of
Jefferson’s passages referring to slavery
• Independence Day: July 4 approved final draft
• “we must all hang together or surely we will all hang separately”
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Main Idea 3: The Declaration of
Independence did not address the rights of all colonists.
• Declaration ignored many colonists.
– Did not address the rights of women.
– Did not recognize the rights of enslaved African Americans.
– Did not address the rights of Native Americans to life, liberty, or property.
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POP QUIZ!!!
• What was the main impact of Common Sense?
• Declaration was written to explain what?
• What was purpose of Olive Branch petition?