revival and reform apush “take five” …let us expose his crimes and his foul abominations. he...
TRANSCRIPT
Revival and Reform Revival and Reform
APUSH “Take Five”APUSH “Take Five”……let us expose his crimes and his foul abominations. let us expose his crimes and his foul abominations.
He is reputable and must be made disreputable. He He is reputable and must be made disreputable. He must be regarded as a moral lepor-slummed as a must be regarded as a moral lepor-slummed as a loathsome wretch-outlawed from Christian loathsome wretch-outlawed from Christian communion, and from social respectability—an communion, and from social respectability—an enemy of God and man, to be execrated by the enemy of God and man, to be execrated by the community till he shall repent of his foul crimes, and community till he shall repent of his foul crimes, and give proof of his sincerity by breaking every chain give proof of his sincerity by breaking every chain and letting the oppressed go free. Let us invoke the and letting the oppressed go free. Let us invoke the Press and appeal to the pulpit to deal out the Press and appeal to the pulpit to deal out the righteous denunciations of heaven against righteous denunciations of heaven against oppression, fraud and wrong, and the desire of our oppression, fraud and wrong, and the desire of our hearts will soon be given us in the triumph of Liberty hearts will soon be given us in the triumph of Liberty throughout all the land…throughout all the land…
……I will be as harsh as truth, and as uncompromising as I will be as harsh as truth, and as uncompromising as justice. On this subject, I do not wish to think, or speak, justice. On this subject, I do not wish to think, or speak, or write, with moderation. No! NO! Tell a man whose or write, with moderation. No! NO! Tell a man whose house is on fire to give a moderate alarm; tell him to house is on fire to give a moderate alarm; tell him to moderately rescue his wife from the hands of the moderately rescue his wife from the hands of the ravisher; tell the mother to gradually extricate her babe ravisher; tell the mother to gradually extricate her babe from the fire into which it has fallen—but urge me not to from the fire into which it has fallen—but urge me not to use moderation in a cause like the present. I am in use moderation in a cause like the present. I am in earnest-will not equivocate—I will not excuse—I will not earnest-will not equivocate—I will not excuse—I will not retreat in a single inch—and I will be heard. The apathy retreat in a single inch—and I will be heard. The apathy of the people is enough to make every statue leap from of the people is enough to make every statue leap from its pedestal, and to hasten the resurrection of the dead.its pedestal, and to hasten the resurrection of the dead.
TranscendentalismTranscendentalism
Ralph Waldo EmersonRalph Waldo Emerson““Nature”Nature”
Henry David ThoreauHenry David Thoreau““Walden”Walden”
Civil DisobedienceCivil Disobedience
DissentersDissentersNathaniel HawthorneNathaniel HawthorneMargaret FullerMargaret Fuller
Transcendentalism(European Romanticism)
Transcendentalism(European Romanticism)
Liberation from understanding and the cultivation of reasoning.”
“Transcend” the limits of intellect and allow the emotions, the SOUL, to create an original relationship with the Universe.
Transcendentalist ThinkingTranscendentalist Thinking Man must acknowledge a body of
moral truths that were intuitive and must TRANSCEND more sensational proof:
1. The infinite benevolence of God.
2. The infinite benevolence of nature.
3. The divinity of man.
They instinctively rejected all secular authority and the authority of organized churches and the Scriptures, of law, or of conventions
The Transcendentalist AgendaThe Transcendentalist Agenda Give freedom to the slave.
Give well-being to the poor and the miserable.
Give learning to the ignorant.
Give health to the sick.
Give peace and justice to society.
Ralph Waldo Emerson Ralph Waldo Emerson
Henry David ThoreauHenry David Thoreau
Religion in AmericaReligion in America
The Second Great AwakeningThe Second Great AwakeningCharles Grandison FinneyCharles Grandison Finney
Camp meetingsCamp meetingsCircuit ridersCircuit riders
Finis Ewing, Peter CartwrightFinis Ewing, Peter CartwrightNew denominationsNew denominations
Burned Over District (Camp Burned Over District (Camp Meeting)Meeting)Charles Grandison FinneyCharles Grandison Finney
Second Great AwakeningRevival Meeting
Second Great AwakeningRevival Meeting
Circuit riders…Circuit riders…
Peter Cartwright-Methodist Circuit Rider
The “burned-over” districtThe “burned-over” district
The AdventistsThe AdventistsWilliam Miller & Joshua V. HimesWilliam Miller & Joshua V. HimesHalley’s cometHalley’s cometHiram EdsonHiram Edson
“The Benevolent Empire”:1825 - 1846
“The Benevolent Empire”:1825 - 1846
The “Burned-Over” Districtin Upstate New York
The “Burned-Over” Districtin Upstate New York
William MillerWilliam Miller
More “Burned Over” RelgionsMore “Burned Over” Relgions
The MormonsThe MormonsJoseph Smith—”Golden Tablets”Joseph Smith—”Golden Tablets”Moving westMoving west
Nauvoo, ILNauvoo, ILBrigham YoungBrigham Young
Salt Lake City, UTSalt Lake City, UTPolygamyPolygamy
Joseph SmithJoseph Smith
Brigham YoungBrigham Young
Brigham Young had 55 wives &57 children
Take Five….Take Five….
• Why is Utah refused admittance to the US as a Why is Utah refused admittance to the US as a State until 1869, even though they had the State until 1869, even though they had the population and wrote a state constitution as population and wrote a state constitution as required by Congress?required by Congress?
The Mormon “Trek”The Mormon “Trek”
Utopian communitiesUtopian communitiesBrook FarmBrook Farm
George RipleyGeorge RipleyNew HarmonyNew Harmony
Robert OwenRobert OwenFruitlandsFruitlands
Bronson AlcottBronson AlcottThe ShakersThe Shakers
Mother Ann LeeMother Ann LeeOneidaOneida
John Humphrey NoyesJohn Humphrey Noyes “ “Complex marriages”Complex marriages”EugenicsEugenics
Utopian CommunitiesUtopian Communities
Brook FarmWest Roxbury, MA
George Ripley (1802-1880)
George Ripley (1802-1880)
Robert Owen (1771-1858)
Robert Owen (1771-1858)
Utopian Socialist
“Village of Cooperation”
Original Plans for New Harmony, INOriginal Plans for New Harmony, IN
New Harmony in 1832
New Harmony, IN
New Harmony, IN
Mother Ann Lee and the ShakersMother Ann Lee and the Shakers
Shaker Simplicity & Utility
Shaker Simplicity & Utility
Shaker MeetingShaker Meeting
Shaker HymnShaker Hymn
'Tis the gift to be simple, 'Tis the gift to be free,'Tis the gift to come down where you ought to be,And when we find ourselves in the place just right,'Twill be in the valley of love and delight.
When true simplicity is gainedTo bow and to bend we shan't be ashamed,To turn, turn will be our delight,'Till by turning, turning we come round right.
The Oneida’sThe Oneida’s
The Oneida CommunityNew York, 1848
The Oneida CommunityNew York, 1848
John Humphrey Noyes(1811-1886)
Millenarianism --> the 2nd
coming of Christ had already occurred. Humans were no longer obliged to follow the moral rules of the past.• all residents
married to each other.• carefully regulated “free love.”
Reform & The Second GreatAwakening
Reform & The Second GreatAwakening
“Spiritual Reform From Within”
[Religious Revivalism]
Social Reforms & Redefining the Ideal of Equality
Temperance
Asylum &Penal
Reform
Education
Women’s Rights
Abolitionism
“Father of American Education”
Horace Mann (1796-1859)
Horace Mann (1796-1859)
children were clay in the hands of teachers and school officialschildren should be “molded”
into a state of perfection
discouraged corporal punishmentestablished state teacher- training programs
R3-6
Evangelical Reformers—using religion Evangelical Reformers—using religion to reform societyto reform society
Educational reformEducational reformProgressive states lead the wayProgressive states lead the way
MassachusettsMassachusettsHorace MannHorace Mann
Massachusetts Board of Ed.Massachusetts Board of Ed.Other states to follow: RI, CT, PA & Other states to follow: RI, CT, PA & NYNY
Educational statisticsEducational statisticsNorthern states more advanced than southNorthern states more advanced than southLiteracy ratesLiteracy rates
Evangelical ReformersEvangelical Reformers
Indian reservation reformIndian reservation reformMissionariesMissionaries““civilizing the natives”civilizing the natives”The reservation system as a protective entity The reservation system as a protective entity Assimilation Assimilation
Worcestor v Georgia Worcestor v Georgia
Evangelical ReformersEvangelical Reformers
Gallaudet, Howe & BridgmanGallaudet, Howe & BridgmanDorothea DixDorothea DixPrison reformPrison reform
Cesare BeccariaCesare BeccariaPennsylvania SystemPennsylvania SystemAuburn SystemAuburn SystemJuvenile crimeJuvenile crime
Penitentiary ReformPenitentiary Reform
Dorothea Dix(1802-1887)
1821 first penitentiary foundedin Auburn, NY
R1-5/7
Dorothea Dix Asylum - 1849
Dorothea Dix Asylum - 1849
Moral and social reformMoral and social reform
Early temperance movementEarly temperance movementDr. Benjamin RushDr. Benjamin RushAmerican Society for the Promotion of TemperanceAmerican Society for the Promotion of TemperanceWashington Temperance SocietyWashington Temperance SocietySons of TemperanceSons of Temperance
John B. GoughJohn B. GoughProhibitionProhibition
MassachusettsMassachusettsFifteen Gallon LawFifteen Gallon Law
New YorkNew YorkMaineMaine
Protestants vs. CatholicsProtestants vs. Catholics
““The Drunkard’s The Drunkard’s Progress”Progress”
““The Drunkard’s The Drunkard’s Progress”Progress”
From the first glass to the grave, 1846
Temperance MovementTemperance Movement
Frances WillardThe Beecher Family
1826 - American Temperance Society
“Demon Rum”!
R1-6
Annual Consumption of Alcohol
Annual Consumption of Alcohol
APUSH “Take Five”APUSH “Take Five”““Come Home Father” (1864)Come Home Father” (1864)
Tis The Song of little MaryTis The Song of little MaryStanding at the bar-room doorStanding at the bar-room doorWhile the shameful midnight revetWhile the shameful midnight revetRages wildly as before.Rages wildly as before.
Father, dear father, come home with me now!Father, dear father, come home with me now!The clock in the steeple strikes one;The clock in the steeple strikes one;You said you were coming right home from the shop,You said you were coming right home from the shop,As soon as your day’s work was done.As soon as your day’s work was done.Our fire has gone out our house is all darkOur fire has gone out our house is all darkWith poor brother Benny so sick in her arms,With poor brother Benny so sick in her arms,And no one to help her but me—And no one to help her but me—Come home! Come Home! Come home!Come home! Come Home! Come home!Please father, dear father, come home.Please father, dear father, come home.
By Henry Clay WorkBy Henry Clay Work
““Scary” CarrieScary” Carrie
• “a bulldog running along at the feet of Jesus, barking at what He doesn't like"
Carrie Nation
Social Reform ProstitutionThe “Fallen Woman”
Social Reform ProstitutionThe “Fallen Woman”
Sarah Ingraham(1802-1887)
1835 Advocate of Moral Reform
Female Moral Reform Society focusedon the “Johns” & pimps, not the girls. R2-1
The Women’s MovementThe Women’s Movement
Seneca Falls conventionSeneca Falls convention “ “Declaration of Sentiments & Resolutions”Declaration of Sentiments & Resolutions”Lucretia Mott & Elizabeth Cady StantonLucretia Mott & Elizabeth Cady StantonAbolitionistsAbolitionists
Seneca Falls DeclarationSeneca Falls Declaration
The McGuffey Eclectic
Readers
The McGuffey Eclectic
Readers
Used religious parables to teach “American values.”Teach middle class morality and respect for order.Teach “3 Rs” + “Protestant ethic” (frugality,
hard work, sobriety) R3-8
Lucretia MottLucretia Mott
Elizabeth Cady Stanton & Susan B. Anthony Elizabeth Cady Stanton & Susan B. Anthony
Amelia BloomerAmelia Bloomer
Women EducatorsWomen EducatorsTroy, NY Female Seminary curriculum: math, physics, history, geography. train female teachers
Emma Willard(1787-1870)
Mary Lyons(1797-1849)
1837 she established Mt. Holyoke [So. Hadley, MA] as the first college for women.
“Separate Spheres” Concept
“Separate Spheres” Concept“Cult of
Domesticity” A woman’s “sphere” was in the home (it was arefuge from the cruel world outside).
Her role was to “civilize” her husband andfamily.
An 1830s MA minister:The power of woman is her dependence. A woman who gives up that dependence on man to become a reformer yields the power God has given her for her protection, and her character becomes unnatural!
Early 19c WomenEarly 19c Women1. Unable to vote.2. Legal status of a minor.3. Single could own her own
property.4. Married no control over
herproperty or her children.
5. Could not initiate divorce.6. Couldn’t make wills, sign a
contract, or bring suit in court without her husband’s permission.
What It Would Be Like If Ladies Had Their Own
Way!
What It Would Be Like If Ladies Had Their Own
Way!
R2-8
Cult of Domesticity = Slavery
Cult of Domesticity = SlaveryThe 2nd Great Awakening inspired
women to improve society.
Angelina Grimké Sarah Grimké
Southern Abolitionists
Lucy Stone
American Women’sSuffrage Assoc.edited Woman’s Journal
R2-9
Abolitionist MovementAbolitionist Movement1816 American Colonization Society created (gradual, voluntary emancipation.
British Colonization Society symbol
Anti-Slavery AlphabetAnti-Slavery Alphabet
The LiberatorThe Liberator
Premiere issue January 1, 1831
R2-5
Abolitionist MovementAbolitionist Movement
Create a free slave state in Liberia, WestAfrica.
No real anti-slavery sentiment in the North in the 1820s & 1830s.
Gradualists Immediatists
William Lloyd Garrison (1801-1879)
William Lloyd Garrison (1801-1879)
Slavery undermined republicanvalues.
Immediate emancipation with NO compensation.
Slavery was a moral, notan economic issue.
R2-4
Other White AbolitionistsOther White Abolitionists
Lewis Tappan
Arthur Tappan
James Birney
Liberty Party.Ran for President in 1840 & 1844.
Black AbolitionistsBlack Abolitionists
David Walker(1785-1830)
1829 Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World
Fight for freedom rather than wait to be set free by whites.
Frederick Douglass (1817-1895)
Frederick Douglass (1817-1895)
1845 The Narrative of the Life Of Frederick Douglass1847 “The North Star”
R2-12
Sojourner Truth (1787-1883)or Isabella Baumfree
Sojourner Truth (1787-1883)or Isabella Baumfree
1850 The Narrative of Sojourner Truth R2-10
Harriet Tubman(1820-1913)Harriet Tubman(1820-1913)
Helped over 300 slaves to freedom.$40,000 bounty on her head.Served as a Union spy during the Civil War.
“Moses”
Medical ReformersMedical Reformers
Medical scienceMedical scienceEdward Jenner= smallpoxEdward Jenner= smallpoxWilliam Morton=anestheticsWilliam Morton=anestheticsIgnaz Semmelweis=hand washing & Ignaz Semmelweis=hand washing & disinfecting instrumentsdisinfecting instruments
Medical ReformersMedical Reformers
Medical science behind Medical science behind Ex: choleraEx: cholera
Heath fads instead:Heath fads instead:Spas, warm springsSpas, warm springsCure allsCure allsPhrenologyPhrenology