revista noqanchis 3

7/30/2019 Revista Noqanchis 3

1/20

Lh`hdy _ndibwqhwilhsxhm3Hddqhxh fhpshymiyli

Mnxhyfrwrmh sili

wilhxfrmhRM_HHO

srm{rw yhoehyphsilhm{h

Yrqhy 1?. Ph{h 17 . Xnsxn 7187

FrsfhmQhoehlhlhmoeis{h{ifhwioeisrmoeis


2/20

FHY WBZI_[H WRPHXFRMHX XBDXHM

XiddXhX{rqhoeiXCnw`b HdbCHmkwn ZHw`Hs QwHkn

ddhmfhXfrmh3EidkH OHHwi dnHiHCrHm `HdiHmn wnlmdris mib{n kb`wb`nwiOsHw Hdgbw{n Zbmbwn {nwwbs

PiddhfryfrmhlhsfhXfrmh${hqrfrXfrmh3HmH XrisQb XrisQbCnw`b HdbCHmkwn ZHw`Hs QwHknCrHm `HdiHmn wnlm

XiddXhXfrmh3lHwOn HmH{nmi Zb`H OrgHEHysnm OEHddOn On{nErHmOHHmH XrisQb XrisQb

oeryhmoehXfrmh3EidkH OHHwi dnHiHCrHm `HdiHmn wnlmbkpim OHwkbH Orwn

siXifrmh$ XiddXhfrmh{rqhoeiX3miOn lHwwbwns

Jn{n`whJhlhsfhXfrmh$ erwXrXfrmh3lHwOn HmH{nmi Zb`H OrgHHkwiHmH QbwHd{H

wbzis{hehPhmJn{nerwXrX3bimHw Cilmb {wnmOnsn

XiddXherwXrX3sbwZiOins `wjiOns Clk

O-b-O- `rHlHm QnlHkb HyHdHFHyXiddXH{HEHypHwilrsrmFiOEisCiwm wb{iwn ?;: . gHwwin {HpHm{imsryrHQHw{Hkn Qns{Hd ?;: . OrsOn7?29?8 7?7:17 {bdbjnmnyrQHymiyrX

Qbwsryr gigdin{bOH mHOinmHdQi 7188,10?87yrQHymiyrXpHmkbQsi{ndb`HdOErwHsXH-OrsOn$ QbwbmbwnFiddH , 7187

Qhoehlhlhmoeisqixh {rfryli wilhwimhfrsqh xehphwimhfrsqh fhpshmoeis$

frsfhddh fhpshmoeis$ hmoeh srlhx{h fhpshmoeis- [rfry ryphfrmhqhs yr,

whfrmhqhs$ miser eroery ryphoehfrmhqrphmqhs$ Hqrfrmh$ nwxnfrmh$

lhlh xnoehfrmh ddhqhddhmfr hddim fhpshy lhsfehy h{iqhyqi fhmfr- Mnxhm,

oeis wrmhfrmhxh lhymimqi xnmxhmoeis fhy eh{rm srlhx fhpshylhm iiy,mimoeis{h-

Mnxhyfrm fhy ddnxsilrx Mnxhmoeis wbzis{hx lrmhyfr ddhqhmoeis frsisxh$

srlhx snmxnmoeis{h oerwhyfrsqh$ lhfimoeis{h ehqimhyfrfrsqh$ Qhoeh,

lhlhmoeis {ifhwioeimhmoeisqhx ddhmfhsrmoeis$ eimhddh{hx {ifhfrmhphm$

Hqrfrmhphm$ lhlh xnoehfrmhphm frsfh qrwiwisrm lrmhmhfrmhmoeis

oehmimoehmhfrmhmoeis hmfrmhlhm-

Fhy Mnxhmoeis wbzis{hxh oehmimoehsxhddh{hx phlhx fr{iddhwhx yhoehy

shqh wrmhsili wilhx phymhx xbdxhsxhm{h erwxrfrx{im$ qhyli piddhfrm$

ilhymh{hs xboephqi {iyhx wrmhsili wilhx phymh siqhsfrmh$ eimhddh{hx

yrmfh rferqi fhpshx phymh siqhsfrmh RM_HHO _rm{rw phsiqi fhpshmfr- Hm,

oehoers erf phymh siqhsfrmhqhs xbdxhlry{h lrmhmfrlhm$ {bxsilryrm,

{imlhm snmxnmfr rferqi {rfry ilhymh yryhyoehfrsxhmfr wbxsiwioeimhqhx-

Oehylhm{hqhs$ hmoeh wbxsisxh Lh`hdy _ndibw lrmhy siqhsqh wilhwisxhm-

Qhyxh hddqh ddhmfhxli srlhx wrmhsili{hqhs hddim{h wilhx- Lh`hdy _ndibwxh

xebqh ddhmfhymimfrmhlhm{h piddhfrddhm{hx$ Qhoehlhlhmoeisphm fhpshs,

xhmlhm{h wrmhsililhm{h ilh-

[rfry ddilqifrmhphm ddilqiwifrsrmoeis$ yryhwisrmoeisqrmi{hx ryphfrmhphm$

{ifhfrmhphm$ Hqrfrmhphm$ nwxnfrmhphm$ lhlh xnoehfrmhphm$

oehsfhfrmhphm ilh frsfh srlhx{h fhpshsqhxh {ifhwiy{h h{isrmoeisli-

Wrphxfrmh3

Mnxhyfrwrmhsiliwilhxfrmh

Wbzis{hmoeisphmli

Mnxhmoeisphymh siqhsfrmh

Lh`hdy_ndibwqhwilhsxhm3

HddqhxhfhpshymiyliFrsfhmQhoehlhlhmoeis{h

{ifhwioeisrmoeis

Frsfh{hfisrmoeis

7

587

80


3/20

_rm{rw phsiqi yhoehsehyfrMnxhyfr wrmhsili wilhxfrmh$ RM,_HHO %Rmizbwsikhk Mhoinmhd kb _hmHm{nmin Hghk kbd Orson) misxh srm,{rw phsiqi yhoehsehyfr$ ddhqhm oh,wwbwh qwnjbsinmhdfrmhqi$ mnxhyfrmddhqhm dhwrfrmhlhm{h ehlryfr3 Oh,mhslhm{h$ Ohmoeislhm{h$ Oerl,gizidohslhm{h$ Xrisqiohmoeilhm{h$Honlhynlhm{h$ Bsqimhwlhm{h ilh-Eimhddh{hx yrmfhlhm{h phyxbm,oeisfrmh ehlrddhmfr{hx$ qhyfrmh,xh erf silifrmh{hyh wilhmfr3 Lh,oei`rbm`h{h$ Fhfim{b{h$ Yim Yhmi{h$Hsehmimfh{h$ Phoeiqhiwb{h ilh6 qh,yfrmhxh simoei hsioeifrxli fhmfr$frsisxhddhm qrwimfr-

Ohmoeislhm{h yhoehxfrmhmhsfehddhh fhmfr$ ioehxh eroery{hxhfrmhddhqim qrwimfr- Oerlgi,zidohs phyxbmoeisfrmh{hx frsfhddh

srlhx{h qhwdhwimfr$ wrmhsiliqiqhslhmh lhmoehfrsqh-_imoei hsfeh yhoehxfrmh fhy

_rm{rw phsiqi wrmhsilimoeis{h wilhmfr$ioehxh lhmhm fermqhmfrmhphm,xh wilhwimfroer$ lhmoehfrmfr$phfimfrmhxh qbmxhfrmfr$ wifr,srmqhs eimh rwhy orhkwnqi isfhyphwhmxh erf qhoehf oermfh sn,

x{hyrxli wrmhsili{h wilhsqh ehyfrw,xhmfr sblbs{wb 7181,II misxhqi-

qhyqhswrlhsili{h wilhmli

Wrkky Oeiqhyn Ziddb`hs$

Hm{wnqndn`ih{h yhoehsehm$

qhyxh Hqrwilholhm{h ehlrm-

Mnxhyfr

yhoehy phsilhm{h

wilhxfrmh

RM_HHO srm{rw

wrmh sili

Xbdxhx3 Ehysnm Oehddon On{nerhmoh%RM_HHO yhoehy phsilhm{h yhoehy shqhx)


4/20

Ziwìmih _r{{h3_nmxnyqim wrmh sili{h hqhsehmi

M

nxhx sr{iyli Ziwìmih _r{{h$ [im{hddhx{hlhm{h ehlrmi- Mnxhqhxxebsph wilhy yryhwioeiphm eh{rm

ehlhy{hfrmh{h$ yhoehymimfrmh{h-Oehylhm{h$ simoei{h frsifrmi- _imoei zhdnwmi,yrxli$ ilhmhx{im$ mnxhm Gindnìh{h bs{r,kihm$ oehyqi{hx hsfeh yrwhfrmhx sr{imfrmhxebsph siliqi$ fhyfrmheimh3 fisphw$ {hmfhwfisfh$ hdxn fisfh$ rfoer$ ddhpddi$ wnxb$ ddhpddifisfh$ qh{h fisfh$ oeiddfh$ oeiwioeiwi$ yhphwoenmxh$ lhmfh qhfi$ lioeilioei- Oehylihddim{h yhmhqhphm$ snmxnyqiqrmim wrmh si,li{h hqhmi-

Mnxhqhxxh hddimqrmim xebsphsili wilhy$ ilhmhx{im>$ oehyphm mnxhyhmhqhy{h wrmhlhsiyfrmh{h h{imi- _hqhqrmoehy fifddrfrmhqi wrmhsili wilhxfr,mhphm {rqhmi$ qhyfrmh lhmh wbxsisxh ddh,x{hmfrlhm{h ehlrmfr$ lhmh ohs{bddhmnsili{h wilhsqh$ fifddrfrmhqi oeimfhsxh qr,wimfr$ qhyfrmh{h yhmhqhsqhm frsisxh fhmi$ilhmhx{im$ lhlhyqhs {hy{hyqhs$ wrmh sili,{h wilhmfr$ mnxhqhs fhxddh{h{hx yhmhqh,mhmfr{h lrmhylhm-

Hdbu Orsiyrmoh3Wrmh sili{h lrmhyoeh{hm ryhwifrm

Yhoehy{hm {rfry srmxryphm lr,mhmi$ hsphm{h wrmh lhsimoeisfrmh{hwbxsimhyqhx- Mnxh Hm{wnqndnìh,{h yhoehsqhm wrmh sili{h wilhmhy$

ddhx{hfrmhx fhpshymim{h wifrwimhyqhx$lnsxenymimfrmh{h wbxsiwimhyqhx- Mnxhbs{rkihm{b fhymiyqim$ fhlhoeifrxfrmh{hlhhwifrylh$ fhy srm{rw phsiqi wrmhsilim,oeis{h isfhy sblbs{wbqi yhoehoeioermfr3

xrboerh I$ xrboerh II- Lhmh jhord{hkddhy,qioer$ ddhqhm srm{rw phsi rferqim wrmhsilim,oeisxh qer{rwimhm$ ilhymhoers hpqhxph{hfrmhqi fhwxhm eimh- Ilhymhoers mn,xhyfrxh ddhx{hmoeiswhyfr fhyqi {hwifryfr$hgn`hkrh$ kno{nwh fhsqhqhs$ wrmhsiliwilhxfrmh{hxh lhmhm srlhxphmoer wi,lhqhyhmfr$ {hxhwqhwimfrm6 oehyli rlh,ddixfrmh{h phxyhwifrmi$ rsxehylhm wrmhsili{h orwwordh misxhlhm oerwhoermfr-[rfrmhyqhx{hx miwiylhm wrmhsiliqim yh,oehyxh {hwifrm-

MNXHMOEI_ . ?

Ziwìmih _r{{h Gindnìh{h yhoehsehm-

_iorhmi ddhx{hlhm{h ehlrm

Hdbu Orsiyrmohxh$ Hm{wnqndnìh{hm yhoehsehm- _iorhmi

ddhx{hlhm{h ehlrm$ lhmhm wrmhsili{h wilhmoer-

Lrmhyoeh{hm ryhwifrm wrmhsilixh$

misqhm ohs{bddhmn siliqi miphm


5/20

Liwfn Erherhoehlqi3Xhmoeis wrmh

M

nxh Lhwhm`hm ddhx{hqi qhxhwifrw,xhmi$ filsh ph{hhm RM_HHO srm,{rw phsiqi yhoehsehmi-

Mnxhx ddhx{hyxh fhwrqiwhxli {h,wifrm$ oehyqim frsisxhqrmi {iyhwhmi ondb`in,{h {rfrmhyfhlh- Erf qrmoehy{hx ddhx{hy,lhm{h ddnxsilrmi$ {rfhxli fhy{h lrmhwxhmi$xbmh{h$ ri{hwwh{h$ hlqnh{hphmli {rfh,mi$ ioehxh eh{rm whylifrmhddhqim {rfhx lh,siyfrmhphm qrwiyfr$ wrmhfrmh frsioeix$ mn,xhqhs xnddxbyrx fr{ilrmi-

_rm{rw phsilhm ehyfrsqhyli$ ddh,qhm dhwr wrmh ehlrxfrmhphm {rqhmi$ qh,yfrmhm lhmh ddhx{hmfr{h lrmhfrmfroer$lhmh{hx yryhwiy{hqhs lrmhddhmfr{hxoer$

xnmxhqrmfrm-Mnxhxh lrmhylhm ddhqhm xnsxnwr,mhfrmh wrmh silimoeis{h wilhmhmfr{h$ ilhy,mhoers Imfhfrmh srlhx fhpshymim{h$ eimh,ddh{hx eh{rm wrlimfrmhphm wrphsxhmfr{h$yhoehymimfr{h$ ddhmfhymimfr{h shxbwiphm,oeis-

8.Zindb{h Lhlhmi [hqih Kbwboen{h yhoehsehm-_hm Qhgdn Ohmoeislhm{h ehlrm- Mhenm Erh,

lm Erhlm Bkrohoim{h yhoehsehm$ qhyxh

ZWHBlhm{h ehlrm-

7. Bdbmh Eriddoh Lhwxrbphm %Honlhynlhm{h)$Crki{e Lidh`wnsphm %Bsqimhwlhm{h) qhyfrmh

[rwisln{h yhoehsehmfr-

?.Yrmfh dhwrlhm{h ehlrx phyxbqhmhmoeisfrmh-

7181,II sblbs{wbqi ehyfrxfrmhqhyfrmhm wilhmfr3

Xboeph sili{h3 788:Hylhwh sili{h3 77

Hlhmion sili{h3 8:Phf sili wilhxfrmh3 7;0

Fhs{iddh sili wilhxfrmh3 70:5Ddhqhm srm{rw phsilhmehyfrxfrmh3 2789

Fhy piddhfryxh Obm{wn kb onlqr{nlhm{h erwxrsxh

8

7

?

Liwfn Erherh Oehlqi Onm{hgidikhk{h yhoehsehm-

Lhwhm`hm ddhx{hlhm{h ehlrm

; .MNXHMOEI_


6/20

wbxsimhfrsrmoeis

Wbzis{hmoeisphmli

8._hqh{rfrmh wrphmhqhx

yryhy {rqhoeix Kib`n Ondm$Crhm Bkbwdim Erhwhmooh$ JdnwXrisqb ilh Orson Hdphys imJhseinmqi {hwifrmfr-7. Gwi`i{ Onmknwi RM_HHOqisrlhx lifermhfrmh{hlifersehm-?.Fwis{ihm Erhddqhlhy{hlhhfrsehwhm Mnxhmoeis{hlhfimqih frmhmxh-

7

Jn{n`whjh erwxrxfrmh3 Lhwon Hmh{nmi Zb`h Orgh$ Hkwihmh Qbwhd{h

8

?


7/20

;. Crhm Jbwmmkb ebdionq{bwrqi qehdhy{hlrmhm-2.Piddhfrx lhmh h{iqhmh srqhx$ Qbwoy Erw{hknfrsisxh jr{rfrmh{h enwxnsehm-:. Lhwi{h _hon Dhln{{h$ Bwifh Onmknw$ HmkwbhHdbchmkwh Wbybs qhoeh xehphwioeix Dilhddhx{hyrx lrmhy siqhsfrmh frsisxh hpimoeisqhxshyhsehmfr-0.Qhoeh wrphmhqhx yryhy {rqhoeix Ziw`imih@hwoh lhlhmqrphm-

5.hpqhx Mnxhmoeis phymh Crhm BkbwdimErhwhmooh Hmoen frsisxh {hwifrm-

;

0

5

:

2

: . MNXHMOEI_


8/20


9/20

mnxhmoeisphymhsiqhsfrmh

Bwifh Crhm Crdinphm Oeimoebwnsqhs sisqhddhmqi srlhx roerfrmh{hliferwxhmfr- [ifhfrmhphm frsfh {rsrwxhmfr$ {hfiwxhmfr- Oehylhm,

{h{hx Xnsxn ddhx{hlhm fifddrmfrmhqi qrwiwifrx wimfr- Lrmhy frsisxh

fhymimfrphm frsiwioeixmimoeis isfhymim lrsrx Mnxhmoeis phymhsiqhslhm{h hsoeh{hphm yhoehwiwxrsrmoeis-

Ehph ddhx{hqiwhx$eh{rm ddhx{hqiwhx hddim

fhpshymimoeis{h lhsfhsqh

oerddh snmxnddhqrwiwisrmoeis

5 . MNXHMOEI_


10/20

_r{iyli Bwifh Zhdbw Gwobmh- Mnxhxhrmizbwsikhkqi yhoehy{h {rfrwxrmih$oehyqi Hwxrbndn`ih{h yhoehmi$

srqhy frsisxhm yhoehsxhyphm fhsehmi$hsphm{hwhxxh fhy imfhfrmhx ddhx{hmqiyhoehsxhyphm-

Mnxhxh Xnsxnlhm{hm fhmi$fhyqi ryphsxhm fhmi$ {hy{hyphmlhli{hyphmxh Hqrwilhxlhm{hm fhmfr-[hy{hyxh lhmhm wrmhsili{h wilhmhy{hlrmhwxhmoer$ lhlhyh{hx ioehxh

lhmh fhsrwxhmoer$ qhfh qhfhoehddhqiyhoehoeiphwxhm- Frmhmxh lhy{hwisqhyqhs wrmh lhsiyfrmhphm lhmhlhmoehfrsqh wilhfry{h h{imi$ qhyfrmhqhslhmh lhmoehwifrsqh lisfiddh{hhwilhqhyhphmfr- Hyddryfrmhphm fhsqhxhHqrwilhx {hfioehfrmh{hqhs xehsphfrmim-

Fhy wbzis{hqhx jr{rfrmherwxroeifrmhyfrqhxxh Xnsxnddhx{hlhm{hm Oeimoebwns ddhx{hlhm wiyfr$oehyqim hsiyfrfrsqh Crdinphm$ BimhwphmEhmhphm ddhmfhlryfr- Lhmhm hmoehshshoer fhsxh$ mnxhxh hfhwifrmhyqhx

yryhyoehfrwxhmi- Oehylhm{hxhXnsxnlhmh{hx fr{ilryfr$ oehyqiqhswrmhx oehpqimfrmhqi jr{ryhoeifryfr-

Mnxhmoeis sr{iyrx hpimoehmhxbdxh$ Obm{wn @rhlhm Qnlhx enwxrsxhmsrqhy{hqrmi frsiwxhoeiphm$ oehylhm{hxhfr{iqhyhyfrmi misqh Oehywhx wrmhsili{hsr{im oehmimoehymim{h xnsehmfr-Lhlhyqh wrmhsili yhoehoeiphsxhmlhm{hyryhwisqh hsphm{hwhx frsifrmi$ Xnsxnqi{iyhsxhylhm{hqrphm ilh-

_r{iyli Crhm Crdin Ghr{is{h Oehddon-Mnxhm [im{h ddhx{hlhm{h fhmi-Mnxhm Ims{i{r{n _rqbwinw [qho

Hlhwrqi bs{rkihsehmi$ [im{h ddhx{hqi$Hklimis{whoim kb blqwbshs ohwwbwhqwnjbsinmhdqi- Xebsph silimoeisxh lisfim$hlhm oeimfhoeisrmoeisoer- hpqhximfhmoeisfrmhx wilhymimli- [hy{hyqhs$lhlhyqhs xebsph{hm wilhmfr-Lhoerdhfrmhqis ilh lrmhy{hm wilhfrmfr${rlhfrmfr- [hfimfiqhs shqh oehfwh{hwrphsqh3 [hwqrfhlrmi$ {hwqrfhlrmi$lhyrqh{hm{h nwxn froerfhlh$ misqh{hfimfr- QhoehlhlhmoeislhmqhsHqrmoeisfrmhlhmqhs lrmhy{hehyphwifrmfr-

Xebsph silimoeisqi hddimyhoehyfrmh fhsehm$ ddhqh Qbw sryrmxebsph silimoeis{hxh wilhmhm$ ilhymh{h[qho Hlhwrqhs wilhwxhm$ hddim fhpshy{h

lhsfhwisqh$ xbsqiy{hqrmi lrmhsqhxhqhwiwxhm- Mnxhxh phsiyqim wrmhsili{hyhoehwxhmi$ lhoerdhoehyphm- Qhylixebsph siliqi orbm{nfrmh{h piddhphwxhm$oehylhm{h{hxli yhoehy phsiqiehlhp{hfrmh yhoehoeiphddhwhmfr{hx-Hmoeh{hm frsifrmi$ oehy xebqhlhm{hxliwilhy{h$ xbdxhy{h yhoehoeiphwxhm-

Lhoerdhyli ehwhpifrmh{hqisyhoehoeiphwxhm- Lhoerdhyqhs {hy{hyqhslhlhyqhs xebsph silimoeis wilhy{hxh-Obm{wn @rhlhm Qnlh kb Hyhdh{hhmoeh{h hhmoehfrmi$ erf nqnw{rmikhk{h

xnphsxhmlhm{h- Mnxhxh oehyphmxhfrsisxh {hwifrwxhmi$ hsifrsqh$ eh$ eh$ ehmisqh qrwifrwxhmi- Ehxhy Oeimoebwns dhkr{hjn{r{h enwxnphmhmfrqhx qrshphwxhmfr$oehyhsqh{hxli Hqrmoeisfrmh{hQhoehlhlhmoeis{h mhqhyfrmi$ erfwh{r xnmxnwifrsqh$ hddim frsisxhm oehypioehyqixh {hwifrwxhmi$ wbzis{hqi ddnxsishx$misqh- Phsiy{h yryhwimi$ [im{h qhoehyphmoerwhfrsqh$ hddim xehwieimh [qho Hlhwrxfhddqhmphm$ yryhymimphm qrwiwisqh- Rsqhdhy$oerddh snmxnddh$ oerddh yryhyddh qrwiwisrm-Hlh{hx wrmhqrwh hddim fhpshy{h lhsfhsqh

whpimhwxrfrsrmoer$ oehyli {rfryfhddqhphm Hqrmoeisfrmhlhm xhqhwimh$Hqr Frm{rwfrmfh($ Hqr Filshoeh{h($ HqrLhoerqifoer(

Wifoehwiy wrmh( Wifoehwiy ddhx{h(Xebsph silimoeis fhpshoerm(


11/20


12/20

Jn{nfrmh erwxrx3 Bimhw Cilmb [wnmonsn[rfry ilhylhmh hddioehy xehphwix3 Ehmmh Nwbddhmh @whcbkh

Bwifhx qhoehmfrmh3 OeehoerRyh lrmhyoehlhm {ifwhy3 _qhoin Zi{hd

MNXHMOEI_. 88


13/20

Lh`hdy _ndibw Hyhoroen

ddhx{hqi qhxhwiwxhmi$qhyxh lhmhm ddhddi,yfrmh errymimqixh

shyfrmwhxoer- 7; ph{hddhyrxwhxerf kisfr{h enwxnm$ wrmhsiliqi$Xboeph phwlifrmhx fhpshymim,lhm{h$ hsphm{hxh oehy hpqhxph{hfrmh ddhx{hmqi hpxhmhfry$lhxhmhfry fhpshylhm{h$ frmhm

7187 ph{hqi{hx erf kisfr{hphmenwxny{h yryhyoehfrsehm- Fhy si,qhsxh 5 hmoeh hddim wrphsxh$ {rfrywrmhx xehphsxhm qbdifrdhfrmhqiwiferwilrm %{bxsilryrm{imqi ddhddixqbdiordhfrmhqi)$ ; qbdifrdhfrmhehph sryrfrmhqi wrphsxh fhsehm-Lh`hdy _ndibwqhxh qbdifrdhfrmhqihmoeh hddim ddhmfhymimli$ yhoehy,

mimli {rfry {bxsilryrm{imqh hmoehwbxsioeisxhm- Ioehxh$ eimhh ddhddi,yfrmh h{iqhx$ {rfry wrmhx hmoehwbxsisxhm fhsehm oehyqhs$ lhmhmsrlhx hmoeh lrmhfrx snmxnm,xh qi{hqhs shyfroeimlhmoer-Hmoeh lrmhfryphmqrmim ddhqhm,oeis xehphwimoeis- Hs{hphm {bs,xilryrm{imqi hmoeh wixsisxh Qbw

sryr ddhx{hyrx siqhsqh fhpshymim,{hwbxsiwisrmoeis-

Qisiddh{hqhs Erhm{hqi fhpshymiyfilhm{h pi,ddhwiphyfr$ oehfwh{h ddhmfhfrsehddhmfioer>

Hddqhxh fhpshymiyli$ rxhxh iwxi fhsxhy,lhm{hqhoehm hddqh ddhlfhx fhmi$ eimhddh,qrmim phrmhyfhlhqhs fhfrshx- Frmhmxhqisiddh{h wrphoefhmi$ ddhlfhmhyphm simoei,{h fhwr ddhx{hfrmh{h qrwisqhy$ ioehxh lhmh

ddhlfhmhy fhq{imxh r{xhyddh phsiylhmwrwhmhyfrmh hs{hphm yhoehx fr{iwxhmqr,miqhoeh$ wifi$ hddqhylhm$ ryphyfrmhphm${hwqrsxhy oehfwhfrmhlhm$ phywhlhm$lhlhylhm$ {rfry hyddrylhm- Dilh ddh,x{hx misyr xhqhwxhoehy fhpshymimlhm{hhyxifhlrmi-

Ilh{hx xhlqhx wrmhsiliwi>

Ddhx{hyphm frsfh fhpshy- rxhxh lh,lhyphm {hy{hyphm eh{rm lhli{hyphmilh wrmhsili{h yhoehwxhmi$ qhyfrmhm wr,mhsiliddh{h wilhfrxfr$ rxh{hx wrmhsiliqiilhmisxhmfr{hqhs yhoehy{h lrmhx fhmi$

qhyqhs wrmhsili{h wilhmli

Lh`hdy

_ndibw3fhpshymiyliHddqhxh

Xbdxhx3 Cnw`b Hdbchmkwn Zhw`hs QwhknOeryhmoehx3 Eidkh Ohhwi Dnhih

Jn{n`whjh enwxnx3 Whd Dimn Ziddhmrbzh%Oi{hwhy qwnkrooinmbs)


14/20

oehyeimh{hm qisi qisilhm{h$ ioehxh hmoeh,{h yhoehy{h lrmhsqh yhoehfrwxhmi- Oeh,y{hxh lhmhm yhoehy phsiqixh yhoehoei,srmfifroer$ oehyqhs qhm{hyli fhoefhm-Wrmhsili wilhsxhywhyfr phwlifrmhphmqhs${rfry lhmh bsqhnd sili wilhxfrmhphmqhswilhy{h h{imi-

Ilhmimfim Qbw sryrqi ilhymhm wrmh sili fhs,ehm>$ Ilhmimfim sryrmoeisqi ddhqh wrmhfr,mhx erf silifrmh wilhsxhmfrlhm{h fhlh,oeifryfrmh erm{hfrmoer>

Bsqhnd wrmhfrmhq oehyhlrsxhmfrlhm{h,qhoeh fhsxhddhm fhoefhm3 Qhfhddhqi wilhy$ioehxh lhmhm fehy{rfry fhpshymiyrx si,lifrmh{h qhfhfrmlhmoer- XhymhfrmhddhQrmn ddhx{hqi Nwkbmhmh Wb`inmhd 180 yr,

qhymiyrx fhlhoeifry ddrxsilrm$ oehy fh,lhoeifryli hylhwh siliqhs wrmhsiliqhs wi,lhfrmhmqhx shyhqhfrxmim fhoefhm$ Qrmnddhx{hfrmhqi {rfry ilhylhmh erfeimh fhp,shymiyrx wrmhfrmh fhsxhmfrwhyfr oeehy,mh fhlhoeifryfrmh ddrxsilrm- Oeehymhfhlhoeifryfrmhq fhymimxh silimoeiffr,mh hpqhxlhm qrwiwioeiyli$ ioehxh Qrmnddhx{hyrx wrmhfrmhxh fhddqhoehsxhqrmifhmfr$ oehyqhs filsh sili{h wilhmfr$ qh,yfrmhxh lhmh qhm{hy fhpshymimfr shyh,

qhfrx{hx ddhlfhyshqh{hx fhmfr- Middh,

srmlhm{hx$ frmhmxh hm piddhwifryfrmh{bdbzisinmqiqhs phywh phsifrmhqiqhs wrmh,siliqi fhoefhmh$ hmoehoers lhmh r{xhy

{rfrwrfrxddhoer fhmlhm mi{hx hoefh xeh,{rmhmfrwhyfrddhoer fhmlhm$ lhmhoerei,mh-

Ilhymhoeh fhy lnsnx kisfn fhmxh> Wr,mhsiliqioer fhmxh> Ilhlhm{hm wilhmxh>Phwli eimhoer xehphwimhddhmfrqhx fhm,xh> Phwli eimh fhsxhddhm {rfhymiyrxoerfhmxh>

Lrsrx {hfiyfrmhxh yhxh {rfrsxhhm fh,oefhm$ hddioehwimhddhqhxli lhmh qhoehhyqhfroefhmoer$ hsphm{hxh whghmhqhxqhoeh hyqhfrmhm fhoefhm Misyr{hm phfddhx{hfrmh{h wimi- Hw$ wrmhsiliqim fhmxh$ Qh,oehlhlhm{h$ fhpshymimoeif xehphwimh,

lhm{h wilhmxh$ Qhoehlhlhmoeif ilhy,lhmh xnqhfrmhphm lhmh xeiddioehsqhsrlhx{h xehphwimhlhm{h wilhmxh- Lh,mhm Phwli eimh fhsxhm {rfhymiyrxoerfhmxh- Erfeimh fhpshylhm{hm wilhm$ lh,mhm Phwlilhmxh wifoehfrmlhmoer-Erfeimh {hfiyfrmhm$ erfeimh srmxryrxlifhmxh- Ioehxh wixsiy h{iyqrmim xioeph {h,fiymimoeiffrmhxh fhmxh$ fhddqhyrxqrmimfhmxh$ frmhmxh hs{hphm yhoehwilroefhmi{hfiyfrmhlhm{h$ {rfhyfrmhlhm{h$ yhoeh,oefhmi-

Lhyxbm {hfiyfrmhm wbxsisxhyfi> Wrmhsiliqi{hfixfrmh{h lrmhqhfrmfioer>

[rfry {hfixfrmh{h$ {rfhxfrmh{h ryhwimi$ hs,{hphm yhoehmhyqhx$ ddhqhm{h ryhwimi$ wb,

`b{nm{h ioehxh lhmh ryhwimioer- Ddhqhm{hfiymimfrphm fhpshy yhmhqhfrx hw{is{hfr,mh{hm lrmhqhfrmi$ wrmhsili fhq{imqhs phfsilifrmhqi fhq{imqhs-

Lhyxbm fhx lnsxenymiyfi{hm {hwiqhy{h lr,mhmfi>

_iqhsoeheimhxh$ hm erf lrsxrymiy{herm{hwxrmih3 {hfiymiyfrmhphm kisfr,yrx fhy$ ioehxh yhoehwioefhmihm shqh

qrmoehp lrsxrymiyrx fhyli hddim$ shqh

qrmoehp{hx oehmim{h erm{hmh$ lhmhmehyfhxqhs ehmhxqhoehlhm{h oehyhlr,mhm{hoer sryhfrmh- Fhoefhmwhxli lrs,

xrymiyfrmh ioehxh lhmhm piddhsxhyfioer-Ilhmiphxli Mnxhmoeis wbzis{h hpimoeh,xfrmh{h>

Oehmimli$ lhmhm ilhmiy{hqhs h{iyfioeif,lhmoer$ hsphmqhs frsi fhpshymimfr{hehwfhqhfroermfr$ yryhyphm{hx shsh,oehymimfr h{iqhy{h yhoehoermfr$ lhmhmilh shshoehyqhs fhmoer lhmh h{iqhyh{iyxh- Frsi fhpshy{h lhsfhyoeif$ ioehxhlhmh phf wrmhfrmhq srlhx fhpshymimfr,{h xrddroeifqh- Ilhyfioeifqhs fhq{imxh xr,yrmhfryoeif$ lhymimqixh erf yryhyddhmphfimfrmh{h yhmhqhmlhm$ erf yryhyoeh,ddh$ oehyoehddh-

MNXHMOEI_. 8?

rxhxh iwxi fhsxhylhm{hqhoehm hddqh ddhlfhx fhmi$eimhddhqrmim phrmhyfhlhqhs fhfrshx-


15/20

Frsfh Qhoehlhlhmoeis{h{ifhwioeisrmoeis

8

?

7

8.Iwlh Qrlh Erhho {hghmbwn hsmroehm{im-7.@rhkhdrqb Orgh Erhlhmxh ddhx{hmoeisqi eh{rmphsifrmhx qbwxhfrsxhm{h r{iwhx xehphsehm-?.Eiqndi{n Qbwooh frsisxh _hm{r whm{ifryqixeh{rfrsehm-

Jn{n`whjh enwxnx3 Lhwon Hmh{nmi Zb`h Orgh

wbxsimhfrsrmoeis


16/20

;

2

0

MNXHMOEI_ . 82

:

;.Kihmh Xrisqbphm Dris [nwwbsphmli srlhx xhqhsehxhyoeh xhsqh{h lrmhoeiphsehmoeis-2.Bmn Jbwmmkb Ghoh Ebwlnhm wrmhsiliqi qdhhqi{hfiyfrwxhm-:. Zio{nw Chwhphm Zio{nw Lhlhmiphmli min Cbsrsqhqhxhwilrymimqhx fhwqh ryphoehfrmh{h xeh{rsehmfr-0. Jwbky Orsierhlmli ehmhxqhoehlhm{hmhqhyfhlrphmoeis-


17/20

95

815. Nslhw Qhrohw Qim{rphm Wrgm Ziddhonw{hOhwknnphm yhoehy phsi ddhmfhyfrmh{h wrphsehmfr-9.Jinwbddh @hlhwwhm Yrwish Jwhmonphm ryhm{hqim{hoeifrsehwxhm-81._idzbwin Xrisqb Lhy{h ddhmfhmh wrphsxhm hddimddnxsimhmqhx xehphqhyhsehm-

88.Kib`n Jdnwbs Ohgbhm gndh ehy{hmh fhmoehqisrqhy{h xhqhwxhoehyrsehm-

88

8: .MNXHMOEI_


18/20

Lrmhyoehlhm {ifwhfrmhqhx$lhfiqhs oehfiqhs hddioeh,

oeifrmhqhx$ ryh lrmhyoeh,lhm {rfroeimhqhx$ srlhx

hxoehoeifrmhqhx$ oerfoehfr{roeifrmhqhx$ {rfry ilhy,lhmh fhshwhfrx phwlifrmhxhddioehoeifrmhmfrqhx$ frwfr

xehxroeifrmhqhx

Lhyqi {hwifrm3 Ord{rwh fifddrqi$ M,0 yrqhymiyrxqi$ isfhy ixim qh{hqi %Lhmrbd Qwhkn qhwhkbwrx sisqhoehddhmqi)00979? 90?722?2: 95; :8;525 yrqhymiyrx {bdbjrmrfrmh{h phxyhfrphx


19/20

frsfh {hfisrm

Fiwi$ fiwi gdrbsmiddhy$ gdrbsmiddhyhyhfr_nmxnyxh$ snmxnyxh yhphw{h qerddqrmPhywhqhs$ qhwhqhs$ oeiwiqhsQhyfrmhddh yhmhqhphmfr

Feryhqhyhphmfr[hqrfrmi sioers phrylhm$ sioersphroeiylhmXhmwhyfr$ xhmwhyfr ilh{hwhx lhmh

wrphylhmoerOebxmiyqhs$ qbmxhyqhs$ qhshyh,qrmfr$Oeimfhyhqrmfr$ xhmwhyfr-

[hfi3FIWI GDRB_

[hfix3Mhoen Oenxrb[hfi3_RLHX QHQH[H QRXROEI_RM

[hfixfrmh3Drlidh Ohwqin

Qhoehlhlh{hm yhqrmiQrxrymiyfiphm ryphphyfrIlhyfrphm erm{hsqhyfrmPihy lrmhfrymimfrphm

[rfry srmxrm ehwfhsxhyfr %Fr{iy)

Qhoehlhli{h hmoeh{hqrmi lrmhfryfr( %Wilhsxh)

Ilhylhmh qhqi{h{h_hxhmqhyh{h$ iliddh{hIiqiyh{h$ shmi{hphm[rfry srmxr {hwqryfrsrmXiddphxrm{h erwxhwisrm

Ilh qhqi{h{h{hx {hwqryfrsrmwi( %Phwlix wilhsxhm)_rdilhmh qhqi{h{h %Xehwix wilhsxhm)_hmi qhqi{h{hphmRoeroerph qhqi{h{h %Phwlix wilhsxhm)

Lrsrx qrfh ddifddhmoeisqiqhxrlhoeis{h xilqiwisrmLhxrm{rphm qrfddhwisrm_rlhx frddi hxehmoeisphmQhoehlhlh oehddhyfrsrm %Fr{iy)

Crhmoen oehymh ximh{h hxeh{hphm erwxrlryLhyli lhxrm{r lhlhFhyxh$ fhyxh$Fhyphm$ fhyphm_rlhx{h oehddhyfrsrm Qhoehlhlhlhm %Wilhsqh)

Ddhddhphmoeisqi fhmoehsrm_bwqbm{imh lis{rwhfrmhphmFrsisxh oehddhyfrwisrm

[rfry frsfhmoehsxhqrmiHddim fhpshy lhhwisrm

Ddhddhphqi fhmoehyfrsrm qehddoeiwiyfi{hphmHdjbmifiphm xehddhyfrsrm %Wilhsxh)_rlhx frddi hxehmoeisphm oehddhyfrwisrm %Wilhsxh)

Qi{hxli fhmfi>Qim fhmfi>

Yhoehphxoe$ lhmh yhoehmfioer>Qi{hxli fhmi>Qim fhmi>Yhoehmfioer>$ lhmh yhoehmfioer>

Phfoeh phwlh$ hlh yhoehyoerYhoehq{iyfih phxhlrmfiPhfoeh phwlh$ hlh yhoehyoerYhoehq{iyfi phxhlrmfi

Yhoehq{iyfi$ xhm{hm miyfi qhqhyIoers xhmlhm{hIoeh fhpshymiyfi$ phpxiy(Erf lhmyhwrmxh

[hfi3QI[HXLI FHMI>

[hfixfrmh3 Roeqh


20/20

MNXHMOEI_wbzis{hqhxxbdxhy{h lrmhphxoer>

Wrmhsili{hyhoehmfioer>

b,lhidlhm xbdxhlrphyfr

Mnxhyfrphm wilhmhfry$ hs{hphmyhoehy{h lrmhsqhxh

`rhlhmqnlhorsonA`lhid-onl

revista noqanchis 3

Documents