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b||v;))}}}.emu.jz)emui`ca`g)zguax|d

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XWOZAI

6< / W`augzxaldlgx Hizvizd|audx; dx |zacbdx go ogai d `iuix hdoa`bix. Odzq Owzdxbaod

:< / G`|zguax|d; Vzied. Odzad \gzg{d Ecgwzq# Mcijdc oa`lxg| g glwhdi d lax|`had.Kwcad`d Dcuao

:= / W`augzxaldlg Hizvizd|a ud li Jd`hi li Jzdxac; i v zikg|i/ vaci| i ld W` augzxaldlg Djgz|dli Jzdxac. D`| i`ai Dwmw x|i lix Xd`|ix# Dcgrd`lzg O dza`i# O dzhix \d`wzg# Zdedgc O iz g

Edjzhai Eimd`bic g

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GLA\IZADCGo xwd xgmw`ld glai# d Zguax|d EMU I`ca`g uic|d/xg vdzd wo |god lg mzd`lg gual`had twd`lixg |zd|d ld eizodi hi`|a`wdld `ix odax laugzxix hdovix vzieaxxai`dax; d glwhdi d lax|`had`dx hizvizdgx.

Xgwx liax vzaogazix dz|amix li lgx|dtwg# xijzg|wli# d dxvgh|ix |gzahix zgcd|auix di |god#g`twd`|i# `ix lgodax# ix dw|izgx d`dcaxdo hdxgxlg xwhgxxi ld GDL `dx hizvizdgx i`lg d|wdoiw d|w dzdo.

Odzq N. M. Owzdxbaod# lazg|izd dlkw`|d g zgxvi`xugc vgcd zgd lg oilgcdmgo g mgx|i lgw`augzxaldlgx hizvizd|audx li EMU I`ca`g# |zdd i vgzeac li vzikg|i vgldmmahi algdc vdzd daov cgog`|di lg wo d w` augzxaldlg hizvizd|a ud.

D xgmwaz# xij eizod lg g`|zguax|d# Odzad \gzg{d C. Ecgwzq# lazg|izd ld Gdgxv g vziegxxizd ldEGD)WXV# dvzgxg`|d i hi`hga|i lg mcijdc oa`lxg|# g grvg d `ghgxxaldlg lg lgxg`uicugz ixd|zajw|ix twg i a`|gmzdo `i vzieaxxai`dc twg bikg d|wd go hdzmix lg calgzd`d g xijzg i oilihioi d GDL vilg hi`|zajwaz vdzd i lgxg`uicuaog`|i li mcijdc oa`lxg| `d hwc|wzd lg wodgovzgxd. D g`|zguax|d eia hi`hglald d Kwcad`d Dcuao lg Icaugazd.

I dz|ami xgmwa`|g# gcdjizdli viz D`|i`ai Dwmwx|i lix Xd`|ix# Dcgrd`lzg Odza`i# Odzhix \d`wzg#Zdedgc Oiz g Edjzhai Eimd`bicg# vziegxxizgx# vgxtwaxdlizgx g# go xwd odaizad# vzieaxxai`daxcamdlix W`augzxaldlg Hizvizd|aud li Jd`hi li Jzdxac "W`aJJ!# oix|zd d hi`|zajwai ld W`aJJ `dmgx|i g `i ea`d`hadog`|i li vzikg|i/vaci|i ld W`augzxaldlg Djgz|d li Jzdxac g i vdvgclgxgovg`bdli vgcd GDL `d o g|ilici mad lg g`xa`i li o gxoi vzikg|i.

D xgmwaz# Dc{azd lg E|aod Uagazd# mgzg`|g ld W`augzxaldlg Hizvizd|aud XGJZDG "WHXGJZDG!#lgxhzgug g hiog`|d d gx|zw|wzd li zmi viz gcd mgzg`hadli# hio lgx|dtwg vdzd d hzadi lg dgx

a`|gzd|audx g hiow`ahd|audx lgx|a`dldx d vzioiugz d glwhdi hi`|a`wdld g`|zg ix hicdjizdlizgxld hizvizdi. \dojo dvi`|d i vdvgc ld GDL `i vzihgxxi.

I dz|ami lg Ecuad Ogcci# mgzg`|g lg Ogzhdli `d Gojzd|gc# lgx|dhd d aoviz|`had ld dudcadi lgdvzg`la{dmgo `dx hizvizdgx g i aovdh|i twg wo vzimzdod lg glwhdi hizvizd|aud# jdxgdligo GDL# |gz `i `gmhai. D vdz|az ld d`caxg li hdxi ld govzgxd lg \gcghiow`ahdgx Hcdzi# idz|ami vzivg/xg d vzijcgod|a{dz d twgx|i ld dudcadi `d GDL hizvizd|aud.

Viz eao# d kiz`dcax|d g vziegxxizd li EMU I`ca`g Hzax|a`d Odxxdza dvzgxg`|d d zgxg`bd ld ijzd \bg`gr| mg`gzd|ai` ie hizvizd|g w`augzxa|agx# twg zg`g wod xgcgi lg dz|amix izmd`a{dlix viz OdznDccg`# hio djizldmg`x a`iudlizdx vdzd i lgxg`uicuaog`|i lg vgxxidx g vdzd grvd`laz dx

hdvdhaldlgx izmd`a{dhai`dax. D zgxg`bd xg hi`hg`|zd `i lgxdeadliz |gr|i Xvcg`lal cgdz`a`m; }bqd`n# twg twgx|ai`d d udciza{di grhgxxaud lix zghwzxix

|gh`icmahix `i g/cgdz`a`m go lg|zaog`|i li dvzg`la{dli.

Grvcizd`li d hiovcgog`|dzaldlg lix |godx grvix|ix# hi`ualdoix uih `i x d vdz|ahavdz lgx|ghd`dc lg laewxi li hi`bghaog`|i dhdloahi hioi cga|iz# odx |dojo hioi dw|iz. D Zguax|dEMU I`ca`g gx| djgz|d d xwd hi`|zajwai g xwdx xwmgx|gx. Hio glagx |go|ahdx xgogx|zdax#`ixxi vzraoi `ogzi ugzxdz xijzg Vz|ahdx a`iudlizdx go G`xa`i d Lax|`had.

"ugkd hioi a`xhzgugz xgw dz|ami!.

Jid cga|wzd$

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W`augzxaldlgx Hizvizd|audx; dx |zacbdx go ogai d `iuix hdoa`bix

Odzq Owzdxbaod "EMU)WGZK!

D hizvizd|g w`augzxa| q ax d` glwhd|ai` dc g`| a|q |b d| ax d x|zd|gmah

|iic lgxam`gl |i dxxax| a|x vdzg`| izmd`a{d|ai` a` dhbagua`m a|x

oaxxai` jq hi`lwh|a`m dh|aua|agx |bd| hwc|aud|g a`laualwdc d`l

izmd`a{d|ai`dc cgdz`a`m# n`i}cglmg d`l }axlio.

Odzn Dccg`. \bg Hizvizd|g W`a ugzxa| q Bd`lj iin.

Zgxwoi

Bdkd uax|d d gogzm`had lg wo `iui hg`zai go twg d mgx|i li hi`bghaog`|i g dx `iudx

|gh`icimadx ld a`eizodi g ld hiow`ahdi dxxwogo vdvax aovdh|d`|gx `ix vzihgxxix lg

glwhdi hizvizd|aud `d hi`|govizd`galdlg# gx|g dz|ami uaxd grvcizdz dx vixxajacaldlgx ldx

hbdodldx w` augzxaldlgx hizvizd| audx ezg`| g dix `iuix lgxdea ix vzivi x| ix dix vzihgxxix lgdvzg`la{dmgo izmd`a{dhai`dc# hioi vixxajacaldlg zgdc g aoglad|d lg dmzgmdi lg udciz g

hzadi lg laegzg`hadax hiovg|a|auix vdzd dx izmd`a{dgx

Vdcduzdx/ hbdug

w`augzxaldlg hizvizd|aud> glwhdi d lax|`had> mgx|i li hi`bghaog`|i> dvzg`la{dmgo

izmd`a{dhai`dc.

Djx|zdh|

Hi`xalgza`m |bg zaxa`m ie d `g} xhg`gzq a` }bahb n`i}cglmg od`dmgog`| d`l |bg `g}

a`eizod|ai` d`l hioow`ahd|ai` |ghb`icimagx vcdq x|zana`m zicg a` hizvizd|g glwhd|ai`

`i} dldqx# |ba x dz|ahcg a`| g`lx |i grvcizg |bg vixxajaca| agx ie |b g xi/ hdccgl hizvizd|g w`a ugzxa| agx

edha`m |bg `g} hbdccg`mgx vzgxg`|gl |i |bg izmd`a{d|ai`dc cgdz`a`m vzihgxxgx# }a|b d zgdc d`l

aooglad|g vixxajaca|q ie dlla`m udcwg d`l hzgd|a`m hiovg|a|aug glmg |i |bg izmd`a{d|ai`x.

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Ngq}izlx

Hizvizd|g w`augzxa|q> lax|d`hg glwhd|ai`> n`i}cglmg od`dmgog`|> izmd`a{d|ai`dc cgdz`a`m.

\govi lg owld`dx

D hdld lad# i ecwri ld hzadi g ld w|aca{di li hi`bghaog`|i |iz`d/xg odax

aoviz|d`|g vdzd govzgxdx twg xg lglahdo d g`|zgmdz udciz dix hcag`|gx g xg laegzg`hadz ld

hi`hizz`had. Kwx|dog`|g viz axxi# dx izmd`a{dgx vdxxdzdo d a`ugx|az go hdva|dc bwod`i

vdzd ij|gz zg|iz`i go ud`|dmgo hiovg|a|aud# i twg# vza`havdcog`|g d vdz|az lix d`ix lg

4126# eia zgxvi`xugc vgcd owld`d lg vdzdlamod `i twg xg zgegzg di lgxg`uicuaog`|i lixew `hai`zaix lg wo d izmd`a{di# zgmax|zd`li wo hzgxhaog`| i xwzvzgg`lg`| g go |gzoi x lg

a`ahad|a udx g a`ugx|a og`| ix `ix c| ao ix d`ix g ua`hwcd`li # lg od`gazd odax gx|zga|d# ix

vzimzdodx lg dvzg`la{dmgo d og|dx g zgxwc|dlix gx|zd|mahix zgdax ldx govzgxdx.

Xwzmgo# g`|i# `iudx gx|zd|madx g lgxdeaix vdzd i vzihgxxi lg g`xa`i/dvzg`la{dmgo#

go ogai zgdcaldlg ld ghi`ioad li hi`bghaog`|i# twg |zd{# go xgw zdx|zi# dcmwodx mzd`lgx

o wld`dx lg eihi# lg`| zg gcdx; i ed| i lg i hi`bghaog`|i dmizd vdxxdz d |gz wo vzd{i lg

udcaldlg lgea`ali> d hi`xalgzdi lg twg d dudcadi li lgxgovg`bi vdxxd d gx|dz ua`hwcdld dwod hdz|gazd lg twdcaeahdgx zgcdhai`dldx di govzgmi g i zghi`bghaog`|i lg twg ix

ew`hai`zaix vdxxdo d dxxwoaz i hi`|zicg lg xwdx hdzzgazdx g d mgzg`hadz xgw vzvzai

lgxg`uicuaog`|i.

I twg owld g hio i xg vzihgxxd gxxd o wld`d `i lgxg`bi ld dvzg`la{dmgo

izmd` a{dhai`dc a` |gzogladld vgcdx W`a ugzxaldlgx Hizvi zd|a udx WHx tw d`li dx govz gxdx

vdxxdo d dxxwoaz i vdvgc vzid|aui `i lgxg`uicuaog`|i lg xax|godx glwhdhai`dax g `i

gx|djgcghaog`|i lg vdzhgzadx hizvizd|audx hio i ow`li dhdloahi# |g`li go uax|d d hzadilg wod eizd lg |zdjdcbi hdvd{ lg d|wdz# hio xwhgxxi# `d ghi`ioad li hi`bghaog`|i# i

twg v zg|g`lgoix djizldz.

Mgx|i li hi`bghaog`|i g hzadi lg udciz

Vglzi Vdwci Hdzji`g# gr/mgzg`|g grghw|aui ld W`augzxaldlg Hizvizd|aud li Jd`hi liJzdxac W`aJJ deazo iw twg

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owld`d# uic|dli vdzd i ew|wzi# `d oglald go twg a`ecwg`had d |iodld lg lghaxi g aovcahd

di lg xam`aeahdli 4 Go zgxwoi# i twg i dw|iz `ix cgojzd twg i hi`bghaog`|i

vilg cgudz hzadi lg udciz# g axxi ihizzg go ew`i lg uzaix ed|izgx.

I vzao gazi lgcgx zgegzg/xg di e d|i l g i hi`bghaog`| i gx| dz uic|dli vdzd i ew |w zi. Axxixam`a ea hd twg i hi`bghaog`|i vixxajaca |d# da`ld twg lg eizo d a`lazg|d# d g`| zgmd lg udciz di

hcag`|g# twg wxwezwa lix jg`gehaix lghizzg`|gx li wxi lgxxgx vzilw|ix g xgzuaix dix twdax i

hi`bghaog`|i dmzgmiw a`iudi g ogcbizadx.

I xgmw`li ed|iz zgcdhai`d/xg di ed|i lg i hi`bghaog`|i a`ecwg`hadz d |iodld lg

lghaxi# udcg la{gz; i hi`bghaog`|i vilg xgz hiogzhadca{dli hioi wo vzilw |i iw xgzuai# i

twg la{ zgxvga|i hbdodld oi`g|a{di li hi`bghaog`|i# i tw g ihizzg# viz grgov ci# `d

vzgx|di lix xgzuaix lg hi`xwc|izad iw `i cahg`hadog`|i lg |gh`icimadx.

I |gzhgazi e d|iz la{ zgxvga|i di e d|i l g i hi`bghaog`|i aov cahdz di lg xam`a ea hdli

zgcgud`|g# twg mgzd jg`gehaix vz|ahix vgzhgvi lix hcag`|gx# i twg wod hi`xgtw`had

ldx lwdx vzaogazdx vzgoaxxdx.

Gxxdx vzgoaxxdx `ix cgudo d hi`hcwxgx jdx|d`|g a`|gzgxxd`|gx g# di ogxoi |govi

vdzdlirdax. I hi`bghaog`|i wod hi`x|zwi xihadc# dcmi twg `i |go uald vzvzad g `i

grax|g xgo d a`| gzogladi li hi`bghgliz# iw xgkd# `i o w` li li |zdjdcbi# i hi`b ghao g`|i

hi`x|zwli g zghi`x|zwli hi`|a`wdog`|g# d vdz|az ldx a`|gzdgx xihadax twg ihizzgo `igxvdi ld izmd`a{di# go wo vzihgxxi hi`x|d`|g lg oiuaog`|i g owld`d# li`lg gx|dz

uic|dli vdzd i ew| wzi.

Kwx|dog`|g viz axxi# i hi`bghaog`|i mgzd ud`|dmgo hiovg|a|aud viz ogai ld

a`iudi g# viz|d`| i# wo d| aui# kw` |do g`|g hio uzaix iw|zi x gcgog`| ix ld izmd`a{di#

twg hi`x|a| wgo xgw hdva| dc a`| gcgh|wdc wo d|aui a`|d`mugc# hiow og`| g hcdxxae ahdli hioi

wo hdva|dc `i ea`d`hgazi# g d twg xg a`x|dwzd i vdzdliri# viztwg gxxg hdva|dc `i

ea`d`hgazi dxxwog udciz ghi`oahi go laegzg`|gx oiog`|ix# lg`|zg gcgx# dtwgcgx go twg i

hi`bghaog`|i a`| d`mugc xg |zd`xeizo d go udciz zgdc vdzd ix hcag`|gx# lazg|d iw a`lazg|do g`|g#

vzilw{a`li ud`|dmgo hiovg|a|aud g# hi`xgtwg`|gog`|g# md`bix ghi`oahix x govzgxdx# `dx

|zdodx ld ghi`ioad li hi`bghaog`|i.

Dxxao # `ixxi hg`zai d|wdc dtwgcg go twg# go `io g ld ghi`io ad li hi` bghaog`| i#

dx izmd`a{dgx dovcado xwd hdvdhaldlg lg a`ugx|aog`|i go vgxtwaxd g a`ugx|go `d

4 HDZJI@G# :667.

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hi`x|zwi g `d zghi`x|zwi hi`|`w d lg hi`b ghaog`| i# jwxhd`li dcaog`|dz w o hahci vgzg`g

lg a`iudi# i twg hi`x|a| wa bikg i mzd`lg lgxdeai ld glwhdi hizvizd|aud.

@d xihagldlg mcijdca{dld# i ow`li lix `gmhaix odzhdli vgcdx hi`x|d`|gx

`ghgxxaldlgx lg a`iudi# dmacaldlg# ecgrajacaldlg# hiovg|a|aualdlg g laegzg`hadi go zgcdidix hi`hizzg`|gx. Bikg# vixxugc xg gx|djgcghgz wod `gmihadi hio vdxgx iw vgxxidx go

twdctwgz cwmdz li vcd`g|d go |govi a`x|d`|`gi.

o io g`|i xihadc g ghi`o ahi. I ow`l i uaug bikg wo d `iud ghi`io ad# d ld Xihagldlg li

Hi`bghaog`|i# go twg i ed|iz aovzgxha`lugc d od`w|g`i ld hiovg|a|aualdlg.

Lg`|zi lgxxd `iud zgdcaldlg# i`lg i hi`b ghaog`| i i oi |i z ld ghi`io ad# dx

izmd`a{dgx vzghaxdo a`ugx|az go dgx hi`hzg|dx vdzd twg ix xgwx hicdjizdlizgx vixxdodldv|dz/xg d gxxdx owld`dx hio d ogxod ugcihaldlg# hzad`li `i dojag`|g izmd`a{dhai`dc

wo gxvdi lg dvzg`la{dli vgzod`g`|g.

W`augzxaldlgx Hizvizd|audx; laegzg`hadc hiovg|a|aui `d xihagldlg mcijdca{dld

Xgmw`li D``ahn Zg`dwl/ Hiwci `# Ew` ldlizd g Vzgxalg`|g l i Mcijdc Hiw` hac ie

Hizvizd|g W`augzxa|agx# `d c| ao d lhdld# `x dxxax|ao ix vzd|ahdog`|g lw vcahdi `i `o gzi

lg WHx `i ow`li;

Bikg# dx w`augzxaldlgx hizvizd|audx vilgo xgz hi`xalgzdldx hioi ixg|iz ld glwhdi xwvgzaiz twg odax hzgxhg `i ow`li. Xgw `ogziodax li tw g lijziw `d c |a o d lhdld g# dmizd# hbgmiw d odax lg

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hioi d MLE/Xwg{# hwkd xglg# go Vdzax# vilg xaovcgxog`|g a`ecwg`hadz g `i aoviz vzimzdodx

cihdax go xgwx hdova di zgliz li o w`li.

B WHx hg`|zdldx go gx|zd|madx lg hi`x|zwi lg mzd`lgx hiovcgrix exahix# hioi d

hba`gxd Bwd}ga# twg a`ugx|aw `d gx|zw|wzdi lg twd|zi mamd`|gxhix vzlaix go Jgaka`m# g WHxhioi d ld Lgcc# twg iv| dzdo # gx|zd| gmahdog`|g# viz xgzgo hio vcg|dog`| g uaz|wdax.

Ugoix WHx twg hiogdzdo b viwhi xgwx a`ugx|aog`|ix g `i xi w`aldlgx

dw| `io dx lg `gmhaix hio i o wa| dx da`ld bikg ` i Jzdxac g WHx# hioi d A`eixqx Mcijdc

Glwhd|a i` Hg`|gz# go Lgcba# twg k a`ugx|azdo go xwd WH odax lg 4:6 oacbgx lg lcdzgx#

hio vzguaxi lg grvd`xi hio a`ugx|aog`|ix lg odax 476 oacbgx.

Aoviz|d la{gz twg i hzgxhaog`|i ldx WHx gx| a`|za`xahdog`|g camdli d wo hg`zai go

twg d grvcaha|di g d xax|god|a{di ld mgx|i li hi`bghaog`|i g li dvzg`la{dliizmd`a{dhai`dc ao vgo/ `ix bikg i lgxdeai ld d|wdi hi`k w`| d# go `iudx ezg`| gx# uaxd`li di

lgxg`uicuaog`|i# dcdud`hdmgo g vzi|gi li hdva|dc a`|gcgh|wdc ldx govzgxdx# viztwg# d

hdld lad# i ecwri ld hzadi g ld w|aca{di li hi`bghaog`|i |iz`d/xg odax aoviz|d`|g vdzd

govzgxdx twg xg lglahdo d g`|zgmdz udci z dix hcag`| gx g xg lae gzg`hadz ld hi`hizz`had.

Wo d vgxtw axd zgdca{dld vgcd OhNa`xgq % Hiovd`q8 oix|ziw twg# `ix vdxgx go

lgxg`uicuaog`|i# dvg`dx :7' lg `iuix g`mg`bgazix# dvg`dx 47' lg `iuix vzieaxxai`dax `d

zgd lg ea`d`dx g dvg`dx 46' ld |i|dcaldlg lix iw|zix vzieaxxai`dax zgho/eizodlix gx|idlgtwdldog`|g vzgvdzdlix vdzd |zdjdcbdz go govzgxdx owc|a`dhai`dax. Iw xgkd# grax|g wod

lax|`had dcmwo dx ug{gx hioi oix|zdo ix `o gzix wo djaxoi g`|zg d eizo di zgmwcdz g

d govzgmdjacaldlg# g wo lix vdvax ld glwhdi hizvizd|aud kwx|dog`|g hizzamaz gxxd

lax|`had. Xgmw`li i Vzie. Uakdq Miua`ldzdkd`# ld \whn Xhbiic ie Od`dmgog`|# Ldz|boiw|b;

Dx vgxxidx# go ogzhdlix gogzmg`|gx# da`ld twg ezgtwg`|gog`|g

|dcg`|ixdx# xiezgo ldtwaci twg `x vilgzdoix hbdodz lg cdx|/oacggovciqdjaca|q. "...! Gcdx hdzghgo l g bdjac aldlgx lg hiow `ahdi# `ixdjgo hioi |zdjdcbdz go gtwavg# xi gr|zgodog`|g |gzahdx g xig`xa`dldx d xgz grhgxxaudog`|g ijglag`|gx. Gxxgx xi vzijcgodx twgdx govzgxdx | o lg hizzama z.

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Dvzg`la{dli izmd`a{dhai`dc; ix `iuix lgxdeaix

I `iui oilgci lg glwhdi hizvizd|aud twg ua`hwcd d dvzg`la{dmgo d `ghgxxaldlgx

gx| zd|mahdx ldx govzgxdx jdxgdli `d dtw axai g `i lgxg`uicuaog`|i lg hio vg|`hadx

xgkdo gcdx hi`bghaog`| ix# bdjac aldlgx# d|a | wlgx# udcizgx iw |ahd go lae gzg`| gx garix

|go|ahix iw vacdzgx# twg hioja`do |h`ahdx lg hioi dvzg`lgz# |h`ahdx lg hiow`ahdi g

hicdjizdi# |h`ahdx lg zdhaih`ai hzad|aui g zgxicwi lg vzijcgodx# hi`bghaog`|i

|gh`icma hi# hi`bghaog`|i lg `gmhaix mcijdax# lgxg`uicuaog`| i lg calgzd`d#

dw|imgzg`hadog`|i ld hdzzgazd g# hcdzi# n`i}/bi}|h`ahi vdzd ivgzdz hio xwhgxxi `d

izmd`a{di.

@gxxg hi`|gr|i# d `ii lg dvzg`la{dmgo |dojo `i vilgzad odax xgz d ogxod lihi`|gr|i lix d`|amix lgvdz|dog`|ix lg |zga`dog`|i. Dx xgmwa`|gx vdcduzdx lg Vglzi Lgoi

grvzgxxdo owa| i j go i twg ` x vzghaxdoix jwxhdz `gxxgx iuix vzihgxxix lg dvzg`la{dmgo;

vzg`lgz vzie w` ldog`|g hio vg|`had lg lgxg`bdz i lgx| a`i vzvzai# lg a`ug`| dz wo7

Lgoi `ix cgojzd twg i vzihgxxi lg dvzg`la{dmgo lgug gx|dz hiovziog|ali hio d

ei zodi l d hiovg|`had bwo d`d vdzd d dw|i` io ad xical zad# wo vzihgxxi go twg d dwcd

vzgxg`hadc iw uaz| wdc dhdjd |i z`d`li/ xg wo grvglag`| g xghw`lzai g i`lg# da`ld# d dwcdogzdog`|g zgvzilw|aud hdvd{ lg dxxdxxa`dz d dw|i`ioad. @gxxg xg`|ali# i twg aoviz|d `ix

vzihgxxix lg dvzg`la{dmgo i hiovzioaxxi hio d mgx|i ld dw|i`ioad li xwkga|i.

Lgxxg oili# `ixxd a`ecw`had# `i aoviz|do ix ogaix# lgug dcogkdz twg ix

vdz| ahavd` |gx lgxxg vzihgxxi xgkdo hdvd{gx lg caldz hz| ahd g hzad|a udog`| g hio i

hi`bghaog`| i# a`l i

hiovg|`had bwod`d vdzd uaugz go dojag`|gx djgz|ix# lgxg`bd`li ew|wzix twg `i xg5

I twg `ix oix|zd `ixxd vz|ahd lihg`|g bikg9 Gcd `ix oix|zd twg `ixxix hwzxix lg

mzdlwdi g vx/mzdlwdi lgxca{do owa|i edhacog`|g vdzd i dhowci ca`gdz lg a`eizodi g

twg gcgx |dojo xi edhacog`|g dvzaxai`dlix `d zamalg{ lg hwzzhwcix d`dhz`ahix# lg

grvgza`hadx jwzihz|ahdx g |gh`ahax|dx# i twg laeahwc|d# hdld ug{ odax# d vzgvdzdi ldx

vgxxidx vdzd d|wdi vzi`|d g geahd{ `i ogzhdli lg |zdjdcbi. @d ugzldlg# vzghaxi dhzgla|dz

tw g |i lix ` x lgugoix gxvgzdz g iegzghgz odax.

7 LGOI# :666.

5 Ajalgo algo.

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@i vzihgxxi lg dvzg`la{dmgo hizvizd|aud# lgugoix dhzgla|dz twg i vdz|ahavd`|g

a` |gzgxxdli go xdjgz vg`xdz# go lgxg`uicugz hio vg|`hadx lg xgw dojag`| g lg `gmhai x go

cwmdz dvg`dx lg d|wdca{dz twdcaeahdgx |h`ahdx# lgviax lg k |gz grvgzaog`|dli ix caoa|gx#

lgxgkd ix lgxdeaix# twgz i gxjii vdzd i ew|wzi...

Lgxg`uicuaog`|i lg hiovg|`hadx

Wod W`augzxaldlg Hizvizd|aud # d`|gx lg |wli# d vziogxxd lg wo gxvdi lg

dvzg`la{dmgo vgzod`g`|g# laugzxaeahdli# go twg hiovg|`hadx xi lgxg`uicualdx vgcdx

iviz|w`aldlgx lg dtwaxai lg `iuix hi`bghaog`|ix# vgci grgzhhai lg bdjacaldlgx g vgcd

zgecgri dhgzhd lg udcizgx g d|a| wlgx.

Dco laxxi# i |gzoi hizvizd|aui xa`dca{d twg gxxdx dovcdx iviz|w`aldlgx |o gx|zga|d

g a`dzzglugc ua`hwcdi hio dx lgea`agx gx|zd|mahdx odax zgcgud`|gx ld izmd`a{di.

Lgxxg oili# i vza`havdc ijkg|aui lg wod W`augzxaldlg Hizvizd|aud ldz xwviz|g x

vza`havdax gx|zd|madx ld izmd`a{di# viz ogai li lgxg`uicuaog`|i g ld eizodi lg xgwx

hicdjizdlizgx# eiz`ghglizgx g hcag`|gx. Dhga|d gxxd vzgoaxxd# hdjg izmd`a{di lghalaz viz

wod W`augzxaldlg Hizvizd|aud iw viz dgx vi`|wdax lg hdvdha|di.

Di iv|dz viz wod W`augzxaldlg Hizvizd|aud# d izmd`a{di lgug grvcaha|dz xgwvixahai`dog`|i g xwdx grvgh|d|audx go zgcdi di lgxg`uicuaog`|i g eizodi lix twg `gcd

d|wdo g lix twg hio gcd a`|gzdmgo. Di iv|dz viz dgx vi`|wdax# d izmd`a{di vilg a`ahadz

wo vzikg|i# twg d|g`ld# viz lgod`ld# d xwdx `ghgxxaldlgx lg hdvdha|di.

@ix vzgxxwvix|ix ldx vzivix|dx odax d|wdax ld mgx|i viz hiovg|`hadx# g`hi`|zd/xg

d vziogxxd lg wo gxvdi lg dvzg`la{dmgo hi`|`wi# laugzxaeahdli# go twg hiovg|`hadx xi

lgxg`uicualdx vgcdx iviz|w`aldlgx lg dtwaxai lg `iuix hi`bghaog`|ix# vgci grgzhhai lg

bdjac aldlgx g vgcd zgecgri dhgzhd lg udcizgx g d|a| wlgx ivi z|w `aldlgx twg | o gx| zga|d g

a`dzzglugc ua`hwcdi hio dx lgea`agx gx|zd|mahdx odax zgcgud`|gx ld izmd`a{di. @gxxgxg`|ali# d mgx|i viz hiovg|`hadx deamwzd/xg hioi wod vzivix|d hdvd{ lg xwviz|dz g

dcdud`hdz d mgx|i lg `gmhaix jgo hioi d hi`hzg|a{di lix ijkg|auix izmd`a{dhai`dax lg

wo d govzgxd# uad lgxg`uicuaog`| i l g xgw hdva|dc bw od`i .

D glwhdi hizvizd|aud# viz|d`|i# gx| eiz|gog`|g jdxgdld `i lgxg`uicuaog`|i lg

hiovg|`hadx bwod`dx iw vzieaxxai`dax#= twg `i xg caoa|do di dhowci lg hi`bghaog`|ix

|gzahix g govzahix. \dax hiovg|`hadx |dojo `i xg caoa|do |dzged d xgz grghw|dld.

= /xg viz hiovg|`had vzieaxxai`dc d hdvdhaldlg lg oijaca{dz# dz|ahwcdz g hicihdz go di udcizgx# hi`bghaog`|ix gld

Zgxicwi H@G)HGJ @6

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Hiovg|`had owa|i odax li twg axxi. Hiovg|`had d hdvdhaldlg lg dvzgxg`|dz

xicwgx dovdzdldx vgcix hi`bghaog`|ix dltwazalix. Hiovg|`had wo hi`kw`|i lg

d|zajw|ix# twg gx|i dz|ahwcdlix d hi`bghaog`|ix# udcizgx# bdjacaldlgx# d|a|wlgx# bax|zad lg

uald# grvgza`hadx# hzg`dx twg xg |zd`do `d zglg twg grvzgxxd i lgxgovg`bi vixxugc lg

hdld vgxxid. Viz|d`|i# d hiovg|`had `i vilg xgz zglw{ald d n`i}/bi}gxvgheahi# viax gcd

g`uicug bax|zad lg uald# xihadca{di# eizodi glwhdhai`dc# grvgza`had vzieaxxai`dc. Xi gcdx;

Hiovg|`hadx mgzdax dtwgcdx twg uaxdo eizodi lg vgxxidx zgxvi`xugax#haldlx# dw|`iodx# |ahdx# hz|ahdx# hzad|audx g twg xdajdo mgzaz xwd uald vzieaxxai`dc#

lg dhizli hio d hwc|wzd g i oilgci ld izmd`a{di go twg d|wdo>

Hiovg|`hadx gxvgheahdx dtwgcdx twg uaxdo di lgxgovg`bi lg wod d|aualdlggxvgheahd# di grgzhhai lg wod ew`i g di hzgxhaog`|i vzieaxxai`dc g vgxxidc go

zgdx gxvgheahdx lg d|wdi.

Gojizd lax|a`|dx# dx hiovg|`hadx mgzdax g dx gxvgheahdx hi`x|a|wgo lwdx edhgx lg

wod ogxod oigld# iw xgkd# di lgxg`uicugzgo hiovg|`hadx vdzd i xwhgxxi ld izmd`a{di#

dx vgxxidx |dojo gx|dzi a`ugx|a`li go xgw vzvzai xwhgxxi# hioi vzieaxxai`dax g hioi

haldlix lg xgw vdx g li ow`li.

D mgx|i viz hiovg|`hadx# hi`|wli# |dojo lgeg`lg d algad lg twg i dojag`|g lg

|zdjdcbi i gxvdi i`lg xg vcd`gkdo# lgxg`uicugo g dudcado dx hiovg|`hadx `ghgxxzadx didchd`hg lix ijkg|auix ld izmd`a{di. G |dax vzihgxxix lgugo |gz izamgo `d dvzg`la{dmgo

a`laualwdc# vdxxd`li vgcd dvzg`la{dmgo go mzwvi# ea`dca{d`li `d dvzg`la{dmgo ld

izmd`a{di. Cimi# twd`li xg edcd go mgx|i viz hiovg|`hadx# edcd/xg |d`|i go

hiovg| `hadx bwo d`dx iw vzie axxai`dax hioi go hiovg|`hadx izmd`a{dhai`dax;

Hiovg|`hadx izmd`a{dhai`dax xi dx twg la{go zgxvga|i di hi`bghaog`|i dvcahdlig izag`|dli vdzd i lgxgovg`bi geahd{# grvzgxxd`li udcizgx hg`|zdax vdzd d gx|zd|mad

ld izmd` a{di g# hi`xgtwg`| gog`| g# xwd xijzguau`had hio vg|`hadx gxxg`hadax

dco lg dcdud`hdzgo d hiovg|a|aualdlg di zgvzgxg`|dzgo i udciz vgzhgjali vgcix

x|dngbiclgzx ld izmd`a{di# laegzg`had`li/d lg xgwx hi`hizzg`|gx g |iz`d`li/dx

lae hgax lg xgzgo hivadldx hio vg|`hadx lax|a `| audx.

Viz iw|zi cdli# xg dx hiovg|`hadx zgvzgxg`|do hi`bghaog`|ix# bdjacaldlgx g d|a|wlgx

a`vw|x twg vzghaxdo xgz oijaca{dlix vgcix vzihgxxix lg glwhdi hizvizd|aud vdzd twg

vixxdo mgzdz dmzgmdi lg udciz vdzd ix a`laulwix g d izmd`a{di iw|vw|x # gxxd

hi`|zajwai vzghaxd xgz dhiovd`bdld# oglald# iw xgkd# dudcadld. @gxxg xg`|ali# d mgx|i li

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lgxgovg`bi dca`bdld hio d mgx| i viz hiovg|`hadx dea mw zd/ xg hioi i vzihgxxi vi z

ogai li twdc xg |iz`d vixxugc hiovdzdz i zgxwc|dli dchd`dli hio i gxvgzdli# xwjxalad`li

lghaxgx zgcd|audx d `iuix |zga`dog`|ix# dkwx|gx xdcdzadax g vzioigx di eiz`ghgz gcgog`|ix

lg xax|god|a{di li vcd`gkdog`|i# li dhiovd`bdog`|i g ld dudcadi li lgxgovg`bi lg

hdld hicdjizdliz# go ew`i ldx hiovg|`hadx `ghgxxzadx di lgxg`uicuaog`|i lg xwdx

d|aualdlgx# hioi oix|zd d eamwzd dvzgxg`|dld d xgmwaz;

EAMWZD 4; Mgx|i li lgxgovg`bi

D W`augzxaldlg Hizvizd|aud# viz gx|dz uic|dld vdzd d mgx|i viz hiovg|`hadx# i

gxvdi i`lg xg vcd`gkdo# lgxg`uicugo g dudcado dx hiovg|`hadx `ghgxxzadx di dchd`hg lix

ijkg|auix ld izmd`a{di. G |dax vzihgxxix lgugo |gz izamgo `d dvzg`la{dmgo a`laualwdc#

vdxxd`li v gcd dvzg`la{dmgo go mzw vi# e a`dca{d`li `d dvzg`la{dmgo `d izmd`a{di.

Vacdzgx vdzd wod `iud eizod lg glwhdz

Ix vzaogazix vdxxix vdzd d hi`x|zwi lg wod W`augzxaldlg Hizvizd|aud xi i lgxg`bi

li zgegzg`hadc d`lzdmmahi g i hi`xgtwg`|g a`ugx|aog`|i go wo oilgci lg mgx|i lg

hiovg|`hadx.

I zgegzg`hadc d`lzdmmahi aovcahd d eizod hioi d govzgxd |zdlw{ xgwx lgxdeaix go

glwhdi# d eao lg uadjaca{dz wod zglg lg grhgc`had twg |zd`xeizog hi`bghaog`|ix go

zgxwc|dli lg `gmhai# viz ogai li lgxg`uicuaog`|i lg vgxxidx.

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I zgegzg`hadc d`lzdmmahi l xwviz|g dix o|ilix# x dgx# mgx|i# miugz`d`d# iw xgkd#

d |ili i hi`|gr|i glwhd|aui ld W`augzxaldlg Hizvizd|aud. Dco laxxi# gcg lgug hi`|gz ix

udcizgx ld izmd`a{di# ix twdax gx|zw|wzdo xwd di# g lgug djzd`mgz d vgzxvgh|aud ld

izmd`a{di g li a`laulwi# k twg i hi`bghaog`|i |zd`xa|d `dx zgcdgx g`|zg a`laulwix#

g`|zg ix a`laulwix g d izmd`a{di# g`|zg d izmd`a{di g d xihagldlg.

G k twg edcdoix ld izmd`a{di vdzd i xhwci RRA# udoix edcdz dmizd ld glwhdi

vdzd i xhwci RRA. D W`gxhi# go 4115# zgw`aw dcmw`x lix odaizgx cwoa`dzgx li ow`li#

lg`|zg gcgx Kdhtwgx Lgcizx#2 `d Hioaxxi A`|gz`dhai`dc xijzg Glwhdi vdzd i Xhwci RRA# twg

lgw d cwog i zgcd|zai Glwhdi; wo |gxiwzi d lgxhijzaz# go twg dvi`|d vdzd gx|g `iui

xhwci twd|zi vacdzgx twg lgugo `iz|gdz d glwhdi viz |ild d uald.

I vzaogazi lgcgx dvzg`lgz d hi` bghgz# viax# di hi`|zzai lg iw|zizd# `i aoviz|d

|d`|i bikg d twd`|aldlg lg xdjgzgx hilaeahdlix# odx i lgxg`uicuaog`|i li lgxgki g ldx

hdvdhaldlgx lg dvzg`lgz d dvzg`lgz.

I xgmw`li dvzg`lgz d e d{gz# wod ug{ twg hi`bghgz g ed{gz xi# go cdzmd oglald#

a`laxxihaugax. Go ghi`ioadx hzgxhg`|gog`|g |gh`aeahdldx# go twg d ghi`ioad a`eizodc

hi`x|d`|g# lgard/xg d `ii zgcd|audog`|g xaovcgx lg twdcaeahdi vzieaxxai`dc g vdxxd/xg vdzd

iw|zd `ii# odax dovcd g xieax|ahdld# lg hiovg|`hadx# hdvd{ lg |iz`dz dx vgxxidx dv|dx d

g`ezg`|dz `wogzixdx xa|wdgx g d |zdjdcbdz go gtwavg.

I |gzhgazi dvzg`lgz d hio vdz|acbdz# k tw g vzghaxi l gxg`uicugz d hio vzgg`xi liiw|zi g d vgzhgvi ldx a`|gzlgvg`l`hadx# `i xg`|ali lg zgdca{dz vzikg|ix hiow`x g vzgvdzdz/

xg vdzd mgzaz hi`eca|ix.

I twdz|i dvzg`lgz d xgz; d Hioaxxi zgdeazoiw twg d glwhdi lgug hi`|zajwaz vdzd

i lgxg`uicuaog`|i |i|dc ld vgxxid. Lgxxg oili# hdjg glwhdi vzgvdzdz `i vdzd d

xihagldlg li vzgxg`|g# odx hzadz wo zgegzg`hadc lg udcizgx g lg ogaix vdzd hiovzgg`lgz g

d|wdz go xihagldlgx twg lae ahaco g`|g ao dma`doix hioi xgzi.

I twg xg vgzhgjg edhacog`|g twg |ilix ix vza`havdax ijkg|auix ld glwhdihizvizd|aud `d gzd ld ghi`io ad li hi`bghaog`| i lgugo gx|dz vzie w`l dog`|g dca`bdlix hio

ix vacdzgx ld glwhdi vzivix|ix vgcd W`gxhi vdzd d glwhdi `i xhwci RRA; k twg i twg xg

jwxhd# g`eao # i lgxg`bi lg e w| wzix twg `i xg hiovc g|do...

Glwhdi g `ugax lg lio`ai lg lgxgovg`bi

2 LGCIZX# 4115.

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Iw|zd a`kw`i vixxugc# twg |dojo xg g`hi`|zd dca`bdld hio ix twd|zi vacdzgx lg

glwhdi ld W`gxhi# d vzivix|d lix `ugax lg lio`ai lg lgxgovg`bi go gx|zd|madx lg

dvzg`la{dli# lg Odzh Zixg`jgzm.1 Xgmw`li i dw|iz# owa|dx izmd`a{dgx gx|i lgxhijza`li

twg i oili hioi dx vgxxidx dvzg`lgo ezgtwg`|gog`|g udzad go ew`i lg xgwx `ugax lg

grvgz|axg# twg gcg cax|d hio i tw d|zi; `iud|i# hiovg|g`|g# grvgzag`|gg gxvghadcax|d.

@i vzao gazi `ugc# xgmw` li gcg# i |zdjdcbdliz o dax iui g twg da`ld hi`bghg viwhi#

mgzdcog`|g# vzghaxd lg xicwgx lg dvzg`la{dmgo odax eizodax g gx|zw|wzdldx# viztwg xwd

gx|zd|mad vza`havdc lg dvzg`la{dmgo oix|zg/og hioi.

Hi`eizog xwd grvgz|axguda dwog`|d`li g gcg k xg |iz`d hi`bghgliz lg vdlzgx

jxahix# xwd gx|zd|mad vza`havdc lg dvzg`la{dli vdxxd d xgz dkwlg/og d ed{gz axxi ogcbiz.

Vdxxd`li di ` ugc xgmwa` |g# go twg gcg k hdvd{ lg udzadgx lg lgxgovg`bi go xa| wdgx

gxvgheahdx# xwd gx|zd|mad vza`havdc lg dvzg`la{dli k dkwlg/og d g`hi`|zdz i twg `ghgxxa|i#

d| twg# `i twdz|i `ugc# `x g`hi`|zdoix i gxvghadcax|d# twg hdvd{ lg hzadz `iudx eizodx

lg grghwi li |zdjdcbi g da`ld g`xa`dz d iw|zix# vdzd i twdc d gx|zd|mad vza`havdc lg

dvzg`la{dli x vilg xgz hzadzga ogw v zvzai dvzg`la {dli.

EAMWZD :; @ugax lg od|wzaldlg vzieaxxai`dc g gx|zd|madx lg dvzg`la{dmgo

D vzivix|d lg Zixg`jgzm g`hi`|zd/xg zgxwoald `i gxtwgod dvzgxg`|dli d xgmwaz;1 ZIXG@JGZM# :66 5.

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a` ahad`| g hi`bghgliz grvgzag`| g gxvghadca x|d

I twg a`|gzgxxd`|g `gxxd vzivixai lg Zixg`jgzm twg# hi`eizog wo vzieaxxai`dc

uda dltwaza`li odax grvgz|axg# d gcg lgugo lazghai`dz/xg gx|zd|madx lg dvzg`la{dmgo odax

a`eizodax# odax vgzxi`dca{dldx go ew`i ldx gxvghaeahaldlgx lg xwdx ew`gx g odax

dlgtwdldx d xwdx `ghgxxaldlgx a`laualwdax lg dvzg`la{dmgo. Dco laxxi# wo vzieaxxai`dc vilg

xgz wo a`ahad`| g go wo d lg| gzo a`dld zgd lg xgw |zdjdcbi# o dx grvgzag`|g go wo d iw| zd# viz

grgov ci# i twg dhzgxhg`| d odax wo vzijcgod| a{dliz `dx iegz|dx lg dvzg`la{dmgo lg wo d WH.

I dca`b dog`| i g`| zg dx algadx lg Zixg`jgzm g ix vacdzgx lg glwhdi ld W` gxhi e ahd

odax hcdzi# hio d uaxwdca{di ld eamwzd dvzgxg`|dld d xgmwaz;

EAMWZD 8; Vacdzgx ld glwhdi g gx|zd|madx lg dvzg`la{dli

Cimi# i lgxg`uicuaog`|i lg hiovg|`hadx |go izamgo `d dvzg`la{dmgo a`laualwdc#

vdxxd vgcd dvzg`la{dmgo go mzwvi g hi`|a`wd `d dvzg`la{dmgo ld izmd`a{di. Hi`bghgz#

ed{gz# hiovdz|acbdz g xgz hi`x|a|wgo ix twd|zi mzd`lgx lio`aix lg hiovg|`hadx bwod`dx

iw vzieaxxai`dax twg vzgvdzdo hdld vgxxid vdzd d izmd`a{di `d twdc gcd xg a`xgzg hioi

hicdjizdlizd# ld ogxod eizod twg d vzgvdzdo vdzd d uald.

Dx izmd`a{dgx xi |i hiovcgrdx twd`|i ix xgzgx bwod`ix. Dxxao# g`twd`|i dx

hiovg|`hadx mgzdax uaxdo eizodi lg vgxxidx zgxvi`xugax# haldlx# dw|`iodx# |ahdx#

hz|ahdx# hzad|audx g twg xdajdo mgzaz xwd uald vzieaxxai`dc# lg dhizli hio d hwc|wzd g i oilgci

ld izmd`a{di go twg d|wdo# dx hiovg|`hadx gxvgheahdx uaxdo di lgxgovg`bi lg wod

d|aualdlg lg|gzoa`dld# di grgzhhai lg wod ew`i g di hzgxhaog`|i vzieaxxai`dc g vgxxidc go

zgdx gxvgheahdx lg d|wdi.

Hwz zhwcix lg eiz odi g | za cbdx lg lgxg`uicuao g`|i v zie axxai`dc

Wo hwzzhwci lg eizodi alg`|aeahd dx dgx lg hdvdha|di g lgxg`uicuaog`|i twgxgkdo higzg`|gx hio dx hiovg|`hadx zgtwgzaldx vgcix hdzmix ld izmd`a{di. La|i lg iw|zd

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eizod; xam`aeahd# hi`xalgzdldx dx hiovg|`hadx lgod`ldldx# d xgcgi lix hi`bghaog`|ix#

ldx bdjacaldlgx g ldx d|a|wlgx d xgzgo dltwazalix g twg hiovizi ix a|a`gzzaix eizod|auix

lix laegzg`|gx gxvdix ihwvdhai`dax ld izmd`a{di.

Dxxao xg`li# ix hwzzhwcix lg eizodi lgugo xgz gcdjizdlix viz ogai li

odvgdog`|i lg |ildx dx hiovg|`hadx gxvgzdldx lix hicdjizdlizgx go ew`i lg xgwx

zgxvgh|auix garix gx|zd|mahix# vzihgxxi# go twg lgugo xgz hi`xalgzdlix;

i lgxg`uicuaog`|i lg hiovg|`hadx izmd`a{dhai`dax g vzieaxxai`dax# ij|aldx viz ogaili odvgdog`|i lg odhzivzihgxxix ld izmd`a{di# vdzd twg vixxdo xgz

xax|god|a{dldx dx iegz|dx lg dgx lg lgxg`uicuaog`|i vzieaxxai`dc>

ix odvdx lg lgxg`uicuaog`|i twg izag`| dzi dx dgx glwhd|a udx vzguax| dx vdzd ixhicdjizdlizgx# zgmax|zd`li# xax|god|ahdog`|g# ix vzihgxxix g dx hiovg|`hadx twg xi

hz|ahdx vdzd dx zgdx.

I ow`li li |zdjdcbi# go vgzod`g`|g owld`d# gramg lix vzieaxxai`dax

hi`bghaog`|ix twg ui owa|i dco li xdjgz gxvgheahi lg xwd zgd lg d|wdi. Dxxao# i

|zdjdcbi `i xg zgxwog odax d wo hi`kw`|i lg |dzgedx# odx d |wli dtwaci twg i a`laulwi

oijaca{d lad`|g lg wod xa|wdi vzieaxxai`dc.

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|zdjdcbdliz hdld ug{ odaiz# lgxlg dx d|aualdlgx odax xaovcgx x odax hiovcgrdx. Cimi# `i

a|a`gzzai eizod|aui# dx |zacbdx lg lgxg`uicuaog`|i vzieaxxai`dc iw lg dvzg`la{dmgo lgugoudcaldz dx hiovg|`hadx lgxg`uicualdx vgcix ew`hai`zaix go xa|wdgx lg |zdjdcbi.

@gxxg hi`|gr|i# dx |zacbdx |o viz ijkg|aui dkwldz ix hicdjizdlizgx ld izmd`a{di d

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dvzg`la{dmgo # uaxd`li dtwaxai g di lgxg`uicuaog`|i lg hiov g|`hadx hi`bghaog`| ix#

bdjac aldlgx g d|a| wlgx zgtwgzaldx vdzd i lgxgovg`bi lix lae gzg`| gx `ugax ihwv dhai`dax `i

lad d lad g twg uadjaca{dzi i dchd`hg lix ijkg|auix gx|zd|mahix lg dvzg`la{dmgo# twg# viz xwd

ug{# hizzgxvi`lgo d dgx lg lgxg`uicuaog`|i zghiog`ldldx.Dxxao# vilgoix la{gz twg;

d |zacbd lg dvzg`la{dmgo i vgzhwzxi lg eizodi g lg dvzg`la{dli hi`|`wi lixvzieaxxai`dax# viz ogai lg wod xzag lg dgx lg lgxg`uicuaog`|i g hdvdha|di# di

ci`mi lg xwd |zdkg|zad `d govzgxd>

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hioi wo |ili>

d |zacbd lg dvzg`la{dmgo vixxajaca|d twg i ew`hai`zai |g`bd wod uaxi odax dovcd lg

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xwdx iviz|w`aldlgx lg lgxg`uicuaog`|i g hdvdha|di# i twg cbg vgzoa|g izmd`a{dz ix

vzimzdodx twg cbg xi iegzghalix>

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lgxg`uicualdx.

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xwd gx|zw|wzd lgug xgz mac g ecgrugc# lg oili d zgxvi`lgz x owld`dx twg lgxdeado i

ow`li li |zdjdcbi. Vdzd ldz hi`|d lgxxg oiuaog`|i# dx izmd`a{dgx lgugo lgxhzgugz xwdx

zgdx# jgo hioi hi`bghgz g zghi`bghgz dx dgx `gcdx mgzdldx. \dc hi`bghaog`|i vixxajaca|d

hi`eamwzdz ix a|a`gzzaix eizod|auix# iw xgkd# ix hdoa`bix twg hdld hicdjizdliz lgug vgzhizzgz

go xgw vzihgxxi lg eizodi# hdvdha|di g d|wdca{di.

Lgxxg oili # d |zac bd lg dvzg`la{dmgo wo a`x|zwo g`|i twg vixxajaca |d;

a`hg`|audz g lauwcmdz d hwc|wzd li dw|ilgxg`uicuaog`|i> dwog`|dz ix vdlzgx lg lgxgovg`bi g twdcaldlg> gx|djgcghgz d mgx|i li hi`bghaog`|i> laxviz vgzod`g`|gog`|g lg vzieaxxai`dax hdvdha|dlix> iegzghgz |zga`dog`|ix lazghai`dlix dix `gmhaix ld govzgxd> vzivizhai` dz d glwhdi hi`| a`w dld.

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dx |zacb dx lg dvzg`la {dmgo lgugo xgz hi`x|zwldx viz wo hio a| |h`ahi hi`x| a| wli vgcd

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izmd` a{dhai`da x# zgdca{dz g`| zgmdx# hio w` ahdz dgx# g`uic ugz calgzd`dx# xgcghai`dz g ie gzghgz d

o gcbiz xicwi glwhdhai`dc.

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vzivizhai`dz; izmd`a{di# xax|god|a{di g vdlzi`a{di ldx iegz|dx glwhdhai`dax> mgx|i lg vgxxidx jdxgdld go hiovg|`hadx# |iz`d`li uaxugax ix a|a`gzzaix lg

eizodi>

uaxajacal dlg lix a|a` gzzaix lg eizo di# zgcdhai`dlix d|w di lg hdld ew `hai`zai.D gx|zw|wzd li vcd`i lg |zdjdcbi ld W`augzxaldlg Hizvizd|aud lgug hi`xalgzdz dx

xgmwa`|gx vzgoaxxdx twg ldzi xwx|g`|di hi`x|zwi ldx |zacbdx lg dvzg`la{dmgo;

oilgci d`lzdmmahi> hi`hga|wdi g gx|zw|wzdi>

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eizodx "xicwgx! lg dvzg`la{dmgo> vdzhgazix> xax|godx lg dudcadi> lgxg`bi a`x|zwhai` dc> vdvax g zgxvi`xdjacaldlgx> dojag`| g `dugmdhai`dc> o ilgci lg miugz`d`d.

Dx vzgoaxxdx li oilgci d`lzdmmahi lg wod WH lgugo xgz;

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dx vgxxidx dvzg`lgo hio xam`aeah`had; dx ivgx lgugo gx|dz zgcdhai`dldx g ed{gzxg`|ali `i hi`|gr|i ld dvcahdi>

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"vixxajacaldlgx lg gxhicbdx!>

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zge cg|az i ` ugc lg o d|wzaldlg ld hiovg|`had.

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W`a ugzxaldlg Hizvi zd|aud wo odvd lg ivgx hdvd{ lg zgxvi` lgz x xgmwa` |gx tw gx| gx;

Hioi9 Viz twgo9g Twgo9# w|aca{d`li/xg lg laugzxdx eizodx lg dvzg`la{dmgo. D `dugmdivgcdx |zacbdx vilg xgz cauzg iw vixxwaz gcgog`|ix ijzamd|zaix g xgtwg`hadax. Xgw eihi#

g`|zg|d`|i# go twdctwgz hazhw`x|`had xgovzg i dw|ilgxg`uicuaog`|i lg xgwx wxwzaix.

Dx ei`| gx mgzdlizdx lg hi`|gli vdzd dx | zacbdx xi uzadx. Lg`| zg gcdx lgx|dhdo / xg;

ix gxvghadcax|dx a`| gz`ix ld izm d`a{di> gxvghadcax|dx gr|gz`ix izmd`a{di> lazghai`dog`|i gx|zd|mahi ld izmd`a{di> ix vcd`ix lg dhiovd`bdo g`|i lg lgxgo vg`bi a` laualw dc> a`ug`| zaix a`|gz`i g gr|gz`i izmd`a{di>

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laxhavca`dx lg vixxugax vdzhgazix.Oilgcdmgo g mgx|i lg WHx `i EMU I`ca`g

I oilgci lg mgx|i lg W`augzxaldlg Hizvizd|aud li Vzimzdod lg Glwhdi d

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vzgoaxxdx# vdz|a`li ld hi`uahi lg twg d dvzg`la{dmgo jdxgad/xg `d di glwhd|aud twg

gx|djgcghg vdzdcgcix g`|zg hi`bghaog`|i g vz|ahd# cgud`li hiovzgg`xi lgxxd

a`|gzlgvg`l`had vgzod`g`|g# go twg d vz|ahd # go c|aod a`x|`had# twg ed{ g zged{ d

|gizad.

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vz| ahdx lg GDL glwhdi d lax|`had # gtwav g gxvghadca{dld g o ilgci d`l zdmma hi# hwkd

hi`hgvi hg`|zdld `i dvzg`la{# `d dvzg`la{dmgo xam`aeahd|aud g `i lgxg`uicuaog`|i lg

hiovg|`hadx# gx|g |zdjdcbi dvzgxg`|d# go ca`bdx mgzdax# dcmw`x lix zghwzxix# grvgz|axgx#vzilw|ix g xicwgx li EMU I`ca`g hdvd{gx lg dkwldz wod izmd`a{di d ug`hgz ix `iuix

lgxdeaix aov ix|i x vgcd hbdodld ghi`io ad li hi` bghao g`|i# vi z o gai ld gx|zw |w zdi lg wo

/

Dx |zacbdx lg lgxg`uicuaog`|i vzieaxxai`dc lgxg`uicualdx vgci EMU I`ca`g dvzgxg`|do

d xgmwa`|g dztwa|g|wzd a`x|zwhai`dc# twg hi`|govcd twd|zi laog`xgx;

EAMWZD

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:. @ugax lg Od|wzaldlg hizzgxvi`lgo dix `ugax lg od|wzaldlg vzieaxxai`dc lg OdzhZixg`jgzm# twg lgod`ldo laegzg`|gx gx|zd|madx lg g`xa`i/dvzg`la{dmgo vdzd i

lgxg`uicuaog`|i lg hdld hicdjizdliz `i dojag`|g lg |zdjdcbi; a`ahad`|g# hi`bghgliz#

grvgzag`|g g gxvghadcax|d.

8. Bdjacaldlgx Him`a| audx hizzgxvi`lgo d wod ldx hd|gmizadx lix ijkg|auix glwhdhai`dax lgJg`kdoa` Jciio g xwjlaualgo/xg go vzihgxxix twg zgvzgxg`|do dx vixxajacaldlgx lg

dvzg`la{dmgo lg wo a`laulwi `i lio`ai him`a|aui# dvzgxg`|dlix li odax xaovcgx vdzd i

odax hiovcgri go |gzoix lg vziew`laldlg li dvzg`la{dli; hi`bghgz# hiovzgg`lgz# dvcahdz#

d`dcaxdz# xa`| g|a{dz g dudcadz.

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dix garix gx|zd|mahix alg`|aeahdlix twd`li ld gcdjizdi lix ijkg|auix lg dvzg`la{dmgo lg

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vzie axxai`dc lix |zga`d`li x.

A`|gzedhg dhdloahi/izmd`a{dhai`dc

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|zga`dog`| ix |zdlahai`dax w|aca {dudo wo hizvi li hg`| g twg `i hi`b ghad dx gxvghae ahaldlgx

ld govzgxd# dvzgxg`|dud hdxix g hi`hga|ix go wod xdcd lg dwcd vdzd ix ew`hai`zaix a`|gz`ix

ld izmd`a{di# lgoi`x|zdud |ild d xwd xdjglizad g ad gojizd.

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dvziew`ldli lg hi`hga|ix g |h`ahdx lg wod lg|gzoa`dld zgd go twg vilg xgz ua|dc vdzd d

govzgxd i lgxg`uicuaog`|i lg lg|gzoa`dldx hiovg|`hadx> viz iw|zi cdli# i gxvghadcax|d

izmd`a{dhai`dc a`|gz`i# hdoa`bd hio hi`eiz|i `d biza{i`|dcaldlg li oilgci izmd`a{dhai`dc

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hi`|wli# gxxd a`|gzedhg `i hix|wod xgz ehac# dvgxdz lg djxicw|dog`|g `ghgxxzad.

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vilg`li hio geahhad# iegzghgz a` |gzogladi g`| zg i twg cgudz g d twgo ld o gcbiz ei zod

vixxugc `d |gxxa|wzd ld glwhdi hizvizd|aud# hioi oix|zd d eamwzd dvzgxg`|dld d xgmwaz;

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EAMWZD 5; Zgcdi xa`zmahd g`|zg i gxvghadcax|d dhdloahi g i izmd`a{dhai`dc hio

a`| gzogladi li lgxg`bax|d a`x|zwhai` dc

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ld |gcd> i gxvghadcax|d dhdloahi d ca`bd twg dhzgxhg`|d lg`xaldlg g hizvi d gxxd |dvgdzad#

vzgg`hbg`li ix gxvdix ud{aix ld |gcd# odx i lgxg`bi a`x|zwhai`dc d dmwcbd twg hioja`d d

ca`b d `ix gxvdix hgz|ix li | zddli ld | gcd# xgcghai`d`li i o gcbiz | avi lg vi`| i v dzd i

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lgxdeai odaiz twg `ix iegzghg d glwhdi hizvizd|aud bikg# go ogai d uzadx |gcdx go jzd`hi

tw g da`ld vzghaxdo xgz vzgg`hba ldx.

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Zgegz`hadx jajcaimzeahdx

DCCG@# O dzn. \bg hizvizd|g w` augzxa| q bd`lji in; lgxam`a`m# od`dma`m# d`l mzi}a`m d

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W`gxhi# 4115.

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:666.

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G`|zguax|d Vzied. Odzad \gzg{d Ecgwzq

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vzieaxxai`dc jzdxacgazi# gzd wod zgdcaldlg owa|i lax|d`|g. Viwhix gzdo grvd|zadlix# viwhix|a`bdo gxxd uau`had mcijdc. G`|zg|d`|i# hio |ild d djgz|wzd twg biwug `ix d`ix 16# dzggx|zw|wzdi ld ghi`ioad# dx vzaud|a{dgx# d hbgmdld lg iw|zdx govzgxdx ga`|gz`dhai`dca{di ldx govzgxdx jzdxacgazdx# gxxd twgx|i vdxxiw d xgz gr|zgodog`|gzgcgud`|g. Iw xgkd# i lgxg`uicugz lgxxg mcijdc oa`lxg| uaziw wod vzaizaldlg vdzd dx `ixxdx

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5. Hioi dx gxhicdx lg `gmhaix g# odax gxvghaeahdog`|g# d glwhdi d lax|`had vilgolgxg`uicugz i mcijdc o a`l xg|go xgwx dcw`ix g vzgvdzdz clgzgx li ew|wzi9

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W@AUGZXALDLG HIZVIZD\AUD LI JD@HI LI JZDXAC;

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d izmd`a{di eiz`ghg wod glwhdi vgzod`g`|g ua`hwcdld x og|dx govzgxdzadax "GJICA#

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lax|`had `i hi`| gr|i li vzihgxxi lg dvzg`la{dmgo .

GLWHDI D LAX\@HAD "GDL!

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wo hwzxi viz hizzgxvi`l`had# g# `i a`hai li xhwci RR# d a`x|a|wai lg g`xa`i Hdcugz|# go

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grgzha|d`li xwd haldld`ad vcg`d.

VZIHGLAO G@\IX OG\ILICMAHIX

D og|ilicimad zgvzgxg`|d i hdoa`bi li vg`xdog`|i g d vz|ahd grgzhald `d

jizldmgo "i

o|ili!# ix a`x|zwog`|ix lg ivgzdhai`dca{di li hi`bghaog`|i "dx |h`ahdx! g d hzad|aualdlg

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OA@DQI# :662# v. 4

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a`| gzvzg|di lg e g`og`ix d|wdax# ijkg|aud`li xgw e w`hai` dog`|i `i vzgxg`|g. Xg`li dxxao #

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`i lgxg`uicuaog`|i lgxxg vzikg|i.

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lgxxd eizod# ix hi`bghaog`|ix dltwazalix dwracadxxgo `d hi`x|zwi li |zdjdcbi g `d

zghiog`ldi lg ew|wzdx vgxtwaxdx.Viz eao# lad`|g ld |drai`ioad dvzgxg`|dld viz Ugzmdzd ":661# v.

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g# `gxxg xg`|ali# xgz dvzgxg`|dld d WH li Jd`hi li Jzdxac. Dxxihadld d gcd# ugzaeahd/xg d

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vzi kg|i hio i O GH# A`x| a| wa gx lg G`xa`i Xwvgzaiz "AGX!# gx|dli x g o w` ahvaix jzdxacgazix #

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vziegxxizgx g vzieaxxai`dax vdzd i Jzdxac# g |dojo d WH li Jzd`hi li Jzdxac# vgd/hbdug `d

uadjaca{di li vzikg|i/ vaci|i.

W@AUGZXALDLG DJGZ\D LI JZDXAC "WDJ!

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vjcahd lg dz|ahwcdi g`|zg d Xghzg|dzad lg Glwhdi d Lax|`had "XGGL!)OGH g d Lazg|izad lg

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li Vcd`i lg Lgxg`uicuaog`|i ld Glwhdi "VLG!. "HDVGX# :644!.

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zgdca{dld vdzd laegzg`|gx vjcahix# vizo ix vziegxxizgx twg d|wdo `d glwhdi jxahd |o

vzaizaldlg `d iegz|d lix hwzxix# xgmwalix lix lazamg`|gx# mgx|izgx g |zdjdcbdlizgx ld glwhdi

jxahd lix gx|dlix g ow `ahvaix.

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uadjaca{d oghd`axoix dc|gz`d|auix vdzd i eiog`|i# d aovcd`|di g d grghwi lg hwzxix lg

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@G 41= 4=2 1.715 84.:15 74.721 1:. dvzg`la{dmgo viz ogai lg laugzxdx |gh`icimadx glwhdhai`dax# vzgxg`hadaxg d lax|`had "olad aovzgxxd# ulgi# \U Hizvizd|aud# \zga`dog`|i Jdxgdli go Hiovw|dliz

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hi`x|zwi lg xicwgx vdzd lgoihzd|a{dz i dhgxxi x iviz|w`aldlgx lg twdcaeahdi a`|gz`dx

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:1#

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lax|`had# go `ugc xwvgzaiz lg vziegxxizgx li g`xa`i olai g ew`ldog`|dc li Gx|dli li Zai

lg Kd`gazi.

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di hio cajgzldlg# g da`ld hi`|dz hio wo dojag`|g uaz|wdc vdzd hi`ezi`|dz xgwx vi`|ix lg

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b odax lg

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JIIM# Mwx|dui M. "Izm.!. Od`wdc lg |zga`dog`|i g lgxg`uicuaog`|i. Dxxihadi Jzdxacgazd lg\zga`do g`|i g Lgxg`uicuaog`|i "DJ\L!. Xi Vdwci; O hMzd}/ Bacc li Jzdxac# 4124 .

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TWDZ\AGZI# Gcaxd Odzad g HGZ@Q# Zixgca [g`. W`augzxaldlg hizvizd|aud; wod `iud edhg ldzgcdi g`|zg ow`li li |zdjdcbi g ow`li ld glwhdi. A`; MWDZ\AGZI# Gcaxd Odzad>JAD@HBG\\A# Cwhlai. Glwhdi hizvizd|aud; ow`li li |zdjdcbi g li hi`bghaog`|i;dvziraodgx. Xd`|d Hzw{ li Xwc; GLW@AXH> Xi Vdwci; Hiz|g{# :667.

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GLWHDI HIZVIZD\AUD; DW@AUGZXALDLG HIZVIZD\AUD XGJZDG GXWDX \ZACBDX LG DVZG@LA[DMGO

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A@\ZILWI

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lauwcmdi xax|god|a{dld g ogcbiz mgzg`hadog`|i ldx dgx lg hdvdha|di>

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w|aca{di lg udzadlix o|ilix lg dvzg`la{dmgo# hi`xalgzd`li dx laegzg`dxa`la ualwdax lg gx|a ci# | govi# cihdc g za|o i lg dvzg`la{dmgo>

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odzi lg :646# vdzd ix hzglg`hadlix# wo vjcahi |i|dc gx|aodli go 4

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Dhzgxhg`|d/xg da`ld twg eizdo w|aca{dldx# hioi gari lg xwx|g`|di vdzd gxxd

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wo d zgd lg hi`bghao g`|i;

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\zacbd; Oahzi g Vgtwg`dx Govzgxdx

zgd li Hi`bghaog`|i; Ghi`ioad ldx OVGx

Cauzi / I`lg gx|i dx Oahzi g Vgtwg`dx Govzgxdx `i Jzdxac

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"Lgh 5.:6

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Dma`li / Vcd`i lg di zgd li hi`bghaog`|i / Ghi`ioad ldx OVG

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