12345678901234

visit our website

Information

The Present

Entertainment

Tips

And More...

Machinery - Chemicals - Livestock - Plantings

some itemsRecommended

UNIVERSIDAD CENTROCCIDENTAL«LISANDRO ALVARADO»

DECANATO DE AGRONOMÍAPROGRAMA INGENIERÍA AGROINDUSTRIAL

INTEGRANTES:

PRADO NEILYN C.I 24397352

RODRIGUEZ ABRAHAM C.I 21726776

ANDRES ZABALETA C.I 23485236

MILANYELY CASTILLO C.I 22190619

Revista AgroIndustrialEspañol - Ingles

AgroIndustrial magazine

English - Spanish

Agroindustry - Agroindustria Agribusiness - Agronegocios is a branch of industry

which in turn is divided into two activities, for, food side, which is responsible for the processing of products from agriculture, livestock, weighs forest resources, among others, products prepared for consumption. On the other hand, non-food deals with the processing of raw materials using natural resources for the realization of different products.The scope of it is really broad, including for example the design of equipment for industries, as well as management industries.

Via ABC http://www.definicionabc.com/economia/agroindustria.php Definition

Agrochemicals: Innovation has slowed since golden age of the 1990s

Agroquímicos: Innovación ha disminuido desde la edad de oro de la década de 1990-

As chemists like to remind us, chemistry is ubiquitous.Everything is made of chemicals and the natural versions are not necessarily healthier than modern synthetic compounds. The world is full of naturally toxic and carcinogenic substances.Chemistry – and in particular the pesticides and fertilisers it has produced – is one of the three pillars on which the past century's fantastic increase in agricultural productivity has been built.The other two are biology, where research has led to higher yielding crop varieties; and engineering, which has enabled farmers to sow, plough, irrigate and harvest crops far more efficiently.Agrochemicals can be divided into two broad groups: fertilisers, which provide plants with essential nutrients, based above all on nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium; and pesticides, which protect plants from competing weeds, insects and fungal diseases.

Although modern agriculture would collapse without fertilisers, there is much more chemical innovation in the pesticide sector – which is scientifically akin to the pharmaceutical industry – than in fertilisers which are more like bulk commodity chemicals.The annual executive review of agrochemicals, produced by the Agranova, a UK-based consultancy, shows a global market for pesticides worth $40.7bn in 2010, a level that has changed little over the past decade in real terms adjusted for inflation.

Leading companies in the field include Syngenta, Bayer, BASF, Dow and Monsanto.Herbicides (weedkillers) still make up the biggest slice of the market ($17.5bn), although their share is declining relative to fungicides and insecticides (about $10.6bn each).Looking at the regional distribution of agrochemical sales, the Agranova review shows a fairly equal split between North America, Europe, Asia and Latin America, with each having a 22 to 24 per cent share of the market.As regards crop types, fruit and vegetables account for a surprisingly large slice of the agrochemical market: $13.2bn or 32.3 per cent. By comparison, cereals such as wheat and barley are 15.6 per cent of the overall market, soyabeans 10.4 per cent, rice 9.1 per cent and maize 8.4 per cent.Bringing new agrochemicals to market has become much more expensive, as public distrust of the chemical industry has increased, says Rob Bryant, head of Agranova.At the same time many older products have been withdrawn because the regulatory costs of keeping them on the market are too high. This has led to some “treatment gaps” especially for smaller crops.

The golden age of agrochemicals, in terms of new chemical ingredients reaching the market, was the 1980s and 1990s. The first decade of the 21st century has seen launches at a rate only half that of the 1990s.Mr Bryant says: “There continues to be too much emphasis on the main crops, which is driven by the need to recoup the costs of ever-increasing regulatory burdens and decreasing success in innovation.”Beyond agrochemicals, there are myriad ways in which chemistry is contributing to improved food production and nutrition, while reducing the resulting environmental pollution.A good recent example is a collaboration between Novozymes of Denmark and DSM of the Netherlands – two innovative speciality chemical companies – to reduce the amount of phosphate in animal feed.Vast amounts of phosphate, a raw material in limited supply, are wasted in feed for pigs and poultry – ending up in their droppings and causing pollution in downstream waterways – because the animals cannot metabolise it efficiently.

The solution is to add an improved “phytase” enzyme to the feed. This enables the animals to take up and use phosphate much more efficiently.At the same time, chemistry continues to have a big impact on the biological pillar of food production, by helping clarify the molecular machinery of plants – thereby indicating new ways for breeders to improve crops.This month, for instance, a collaboration between Edinburgh University and Syngenta published the discovery of an important cog in plants' immune systems in the journal Nature.One defence mechanism when a plant is attacked by bacteria or fungi is to trigger the death of the threatened cells. This removes the food source from the invading pathogen.“Plants generate a short, sharp shock that kills off the cells around where the pathogen is trying to invade and essentially starves it out,” says Gary Loake, the project leader and a professor at Edinburgh.“But we recognised that something must be going on to make sure that the plant doesn't go into complete meltdown.”The answer lies in an enzyme called NAPDH oxidase. It controls the cell death process and shuts it down when the infection has been dealt with.“We hope that plant breeders will be able to use this

Eurizacion - Pasteurization

Asteurization (American English) or pasteurisation (British English) is a process invented by French scientist Louis Pasteur during the nineteenth century. In 1864 Pasteur discovered that heating beer and wine was enough to kill most of the bacteria that caused spoilage, preventing these beverages from turning sour. This was achieved by eliminating pathogenic microbes and lowering microbial numbers to prolong the quality of the beverage. Today the process of pasteurization is used widely in the dairy and food industries for microbial control and preservation of the food consumed.[1]

Unlike sterilization, pasteurization is not intended to kill all micro-organisms in the food. Instead, it aims to reduce the number of viable pathogens so they are unlikely to cause disease (assuming the pasteurized product is stored as indicated and is consumed before its expiration date). Commercial-scale sterilization of food is not common because it adversely affects the taste and quality of the product. Certain foods, such as dairy products, may be superheated to ensure pathogenic microbes are destroyed.

Eurizacion - Pasteurización

http://www.amgindustrial.com/

Personal and General laboratory safety

Seguridad en el laboratorio personal y general

*Never eat, drink, or smoke while working in the laboratory.

*Read labels carefully.

*Do not use any equipment unless you are trained and approved as a user by your supervisor.

*Wear safety glasses or face shields when working with hazardous materials and/or equipment.

*Wear gloves when using any hazardous or toxic agent.

*Clothing: When handling dangerous substances, wear gloves, laboratory coats, and safety shield or glasses. Shorts and sandals should not be worn in the lab at any time. Shoes are required when working in the machine shops.

*If you have long hair or loose clothes, make sure it is tied back or confined.

*Keep the work area clear of all materials except those needed for your work. Coats should be hung in the hall or placed in a locker. Extra books, purses, etc. should be kept away from equipment, that requires air flow or ventilation to prevent overheating.

*Disposal - Students are responsible for the proper disposal of used material if any in appropriate containers.

*Equipment Failure - If a piece of equipment fails while being used, report it immediately to your lab assistant or tutor. Never try to fix the problem yourself because you could harm yourself and others.

*If leaving a lab unattended, turn off all ignition sources and lock the doors.

-

http://www.kostic.niu.edu/labsafetyrules.html

Corn and Their Uses as fuel (biofuel)

El Maíz y Sus Usos Como Combustible (Biocombustible)-

ChemicalsStarch from maize can be made intoplastics Also, fabrics, adhesives, and many other chemical products.The corn steep liquor, a plentiful watery byproduct of maize wet milling process, is Widely used in the biochemical industry and research as a culture medium to grow many kinds ofmicroorganisms. [75]Chrysanthemin is found in purple corn and is used as a food

coloring.Bio-fuelSee also: Corn ethanol and corn stover"Feed maize" is being increasingly used for heating; [citation needed] specialized corn stoves (similar to wood stoves) are available and use Either feed maize or wood pellets to generate heat. Also maize cobs are used as a source biomassfuel. Maize is

relatively cheap and home-heating furnaces Which Have Been developed to use maize kernels as fuel. They feature a largeThat hopper feeds the uniformly sized maize kernels (or wood pellets or cherry pits) into the fire.

Maize is increasingly used as a feedstock for the production of ethanol fuel.] Ethanol is mixed With gasoline to decrease the amount of pollutants Emitted When used to fuel engine vehicles. High fuel prices in mid-2007 led to higher demand for ethanol, Which in turn lead to higher prices paid to farmers for maize. This led to the 2007 harvest Being one of the MOST profitable maize crops in modern history for farmers. Because of the relationship Between fuel and maize, prices paid for the crop now Tend to track the price of oil.The price of food is to a Certain degree Affected by the use of maize for biofuel production. The cost of transportation, production, and marketing are a large portion (80%) of the price of food in the United States. Higher energy costs Affect These costs, Especially transportation. The Increase in food prices the consumer has-been seeing is mainly due to the higher energy cost. The effect of biofuel production on other food crop prices is indirect. Use of maize for biofuel production Increases the demand, and THEREFORE price of maize. This, in turn, results in farmBeing acreage diverted from other food crops to maize production. This you reduce the supply of the other food crops and Increases Their prices.

Maize is increasingly used as a feedstock for the production of ethanol fuel.] Ethanol is mixed With gasoline to decrease the amount of pollutants Emitted When used to fuel engine vehicles. High fuel prices in mid-2007 led to higher demand for ethanol, Which in turn lead to higher prices paid to farmers for maize. This led to the 2007 harvest Being one of the MOST profitable maize crops in modern history for farmers. Because of the relationship Between fuel and maize, prices paid for the crop now Tend to track the price of oil.The price of food is to a Certain degree Affected by the use of maize for biofuel production. The cost of transportation, production, and marketing are a large portion (80%) of the price of food in the United States. Higher energy costs Affect These costs, Especially transportation. The Increase in food prices the consumer has-been seeing is mainly due to the higher energy cost. The effect of biofuel production on other food crop prices is indirect. Use of maize for biofuel production Increases the demand, and THEREFORE price of maize. This, in turn, results in farmBeing acreage diverted from other food crops to maize production. This you reduce the supply of the other food crops and Increases Their prices.

Maize is Widely used in Germany as a feedstock forbiogas plants. Here the maize is harvested, shredded Then Placed in silage clamps from Which it is fed into the biogas plants. This process Makes use of the whole plant rather than simply using the kernels as in the production of fuel ethanol.A biomass gasification power plant in Strem nearGüssing, Burgenland, Austria, Began in 2005. Research is Being done to make diesel out of the biogas by the Fischer Tropsch method.Increasingly, ethanol is used at low Being Concentrations (10% or less) as an additive ingasoline (gasohol) for engine fuels to Increase the octane rating, lower pollutants, and reduce petroleum use (what is nowadays Also known as "biofuels" and has Been generating an intense discussion Regarding the Human Beings' necessity of new sources of energy, on the one hand, and the need to MAINTAIN, in regions: such as Latin America, the food habits and culture Which has-been the essence of civilizations: such as the one originated in Mesoamerica, the entry, January 2008, of maize Among the commercial agreements of NAFTA have esta Increased debate Considering the bad labor conditions of workers in the fields, and mainly the fact That NAFTA "opened the doors to the import of maize from the United States, Where the WHO farmers grow it receive multimillion dollar government subsidies and other supports. (...), According to OXFAM UK, after NAFTA Went into effect, the price of maize in Mexico fell 70% Between 1994 and 2001. The number of farm jobs dropped as well:.. from 8.1 million in 1993 to 6.8 million in 2002. Many of Those Who Were found Themselves work without small-scale maize growers ") [78] However, introduction in the northern latitudes of the US of tropical maize for biofuels, and not for the animal or human consumption, may alleviate esta Potentially.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maize#Chemicals

THE FIVE GRAND CHALLENGES IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING FOR THIS CENTURY

Los 5 Grandes Desafíos de la Ingeniería Química para este Siglo

1. WaterWater shortages is worrisome, and already affects every continent. A fifth of the world population lives in areas affected by drought.Chemica l eng ineer ing as a discipline provides knowledge in p roce s se s , equ ipmen t and technologies to purify water. Technologies such as wastewater reuse and desalination of seawater are pushing the frontier of possibilities, allowing water supply even under conditions of severe limitations of water resources.But also pressure is applied from the side to reduce consumption. For example, producing a ton of polyethylene, the most widely used plastic, demand nearly 200 cubic meters of water. Any change in the process that manages to reduce that amount, so be it only a few percentage points, representing gains of thousands cubic meters of water to a typical polyethylene plant. Chemical engineering plays a key role in this optimization of water use in industrial processes.

Chemical engineering is much more than the discipline that studies how to transform raw materials into finished products.It is commonly thought that chemical engineers only work on designing chemical plants, and solving their problems: increase production, improve environmental performance, or reduce reportable incidents.But the truth is that chemical engineering plays a key role in solving many of the problems of humanity over the next 50-100 years.What are the problems facing humanity in this century? What are they doing chemical engineers to solve them? Below, some examples.

4. Environment and ResourcesEnvironmental degradation that afflicts us is widespread. Rivers and contaminated municipal and industrial discharges untreated seas. Uncontrolled industrial emissions. Poluidos floors. Open dumps.For each of these problems, there are processes and technologies to solve them. Chemical engineers must work better and more cost effective these technologies effluent treatment, air emissions and hazardous waste, as well as the optimization of processes for reducing consumption of raw materials (known as a material process integration, equivalent to energy integration mentioned above).

3. Foods

It is expected that the world population of 9 trillion by 2050. Ensuring food security of the population is not a minor problem.Chemical engineers work on production and food processing, production of fertilizers and agrochemicals best effective and low environmental impact, and on the consumption side, on i s sues such as improv ing packaging to reduce food waste.Not only to increase production of food with these techniques. We must also consider the effects that climate change can have on crop productivity, and competition for arable land that generates the production of biofuels.

2. EnergyWhat will the future of energy? Hard to imagine, in a world where oil and gas p r o d u c t i o n f r o m unconventional sources revolutionized the energy matrix. Fossil fuels still account for 85% of the total energy generated, but surely reduce this value throughout the century.While best known for work on Oil and Gas companies, chemical engineers working across the energy spectrum, from the nuclear to biofuels.The energy revolution of this century have chemical engineers as key players. Energy integration (which can be as simple as using the heat output current to the input currents) is a field of g r e a t a c a d e m i c a n d

5. Climate ChangeClimate change impacts the planet unimagined ways. While it could be seen as an environmental problem (and fall in the previous section), this challenge has unique characteristics that deserve to be treated separately.First, climate change has global reach. Many other environmental problems are localized, and therefore easier to be solved - for example, degradation of a watercourse, or contamination of soil by oil spills.Second, and because of its global nature, it requires the concerted effort of a multitude of countries, institutions, and companies.While chemical engineering is less related to adaptation to climate change, it does have competence in mitigation. The trend towards low-carbon growth makes large companies implement programs to reduce emissions. This may mean streamline processes, raw materials change, or migrate to cleaner and less carbon intensive technologies. For all these challenges, chemical engineers are key to identify, design, implement, and operate the solutions pieces.

http://www.ingenieriaquimica.org/articulos/5-desafios-ingenieria-quimica

Energy efficiency tipsagribusiness industry

1- Using inverters to regulate flows in pumpsrecirculation time and / or valves.

2- Install measuring and recording equipment in major energyprocesses. Flowmeters used in pumping systems and irrigation.

3- Improve thermal insulation in cold storage, avoid entryheat open or closewith processes that generate heat.

4- evaluate replacement oversized boilersor over 10 years old.

http://agroindustria.economiafamiliar.gob.ni/tips-de-transformacion/

The importance of agro-industries

La importancia de las agroindustrias

Agro-industries generate strong backward linkages and forward,promoting demand for and adding value to agricultural production

primary and creating employment and income along the chainprocessing-distribution.

Agro-industries occupy a dominant position in the industry. in   low-income countries, account for up to 50% of the industrial sector.

The contribution of agribusiness to the total industry is 61% incountries based on agriculture, 42% in the transition countries

and 37% in urbanized developing countries.

visit our website

Machinery - Chemicals - Livestock - Plantings