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RevisionofMorphologicalAnalysisErrors

ThroughthePersonNameConstructionModel

HiroyukiShinnou

IbarakiUniversity

Dept・ofSystemsEngineeringNakanarusawa,4-12-1

Hitachi,Ibaraki,316-8511,Japan

shinnouO1ily.dse.ibaraki・ac.jp

● Abstract・Inthispaper,wepresentthemethodtoautomaticallyre-

visemorphologicalanalysiserrorscausedbyunregisteredpersonnames.Inordertodetectandrevisetheirerrors,weproposethePersonName

ConstructionModelfbrkaniichara.cterscomposingJapanesenames・Our

methodhastheadvantageofnotusingcontextinfbrmation,likeasuffix,torecognizepersonnames,thusmakingourmethodausefUlone.Throughtheexperiment,weshowthatourproposedmodeliseffective.

11ntroduction参”

ItisclearthatmorphologicalanalysisisanimportantmodulefbranNLPsystemliketheMTsystem.Oneprobleminthemorphologicalanalysisiswordsegmen-tationerrorscausedbyunregisteredwords・Mostunregisteredwordsarepropernouns,likeplacenames,organizationnames,andpersonnames.Inthispaper,wefbcusonpersonnames,andproposethePersonNameConstructionModeltocorrectmorphologicalanalysiserrorscausedbyunregisteredpersonnames.ThismodelgivesaScoretothegivenwordsequence.Thisscoreindicatesthedegreetowhichthegivenwordsequenceappearstobeaperson'sname.Bythescore,wecanextractthenameftomthemorphologicalanalysisresult.Iftheextractednameisnotconsistentwiththemorphologicalanalysisresult,we

revisetheresulttotaketheeXtractedpersonnameintoaccount.ThePersonNameConstrubtionModelisbasedontheheuristicthataper-

son'snameiscomposedofkanjicharacterswhichareplacedinthefirstposition,themiddlepositionandthelastpositionofthename.Ebrexample,inthecaseofthefamilyname,kanjicharactersfrequenblyusedinthefirstpositionare:@中")"松''and!G長''.Andinthemiddleposition,theyare"谷'',C<"'',(<曽"・Andinthelastposition)theyare"田")"藤"1"井".Ourproposedmodeldeducesthatthecharactersequences(@中谷田"2"長藤"and"松曽井",whichareacombinationoftheircharacters,havetheappearanceofbeingnames'.Howevwer,thismodeltendstojudgethegivencharactersequencetobeaperson'sname.So,inorder

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'Thesecharactersequencesarenotregisteredinthedictionary.Wedon'tknowwhetherthesecharactersequencesarerealpersonnames.However,mostJapaneseagreethatthesecharactersequencesseemtobefamilynames.

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torernovenon-namesfromtheextracbion,wealsousetheheuristicbasedonthe

morphologicalanalysiserrorpatternscausedbyunregisteredpersonnames.

AfeatureofourproposedmodelmakesnouseofconteXtualclues.Strategiestorecognizeunregisteredwordsaredividedintotwotypes.Theonetypeuses

contextualclues,likeasuffix(ex:<氏(Mr.)'',"さん(Ms..)"),apre6x(ex.<(故(thelate)","長女(thefirst-borndaughter)"),theinitialphrasing(ex."社長(thepresident)",(:大統領(thePresident")),averb(ex""i逮捕される(bearrested)","殺される(bekilled)")andsooninordertorecognizeunregisteredwords[3,81.Anothertypeusesonlycluesinthegivenwordsequence,anddoesn'tuseinfbr-

mationoutofthegivenwordsequence.Thefbrmerispowerfill,andcurrentlytheautomaticacquisitionofsuchcontextualcluesisbeingresearched[6,1,51.Howeverweoftenhavethesituationwithoutcontextualclues.Thusthefbrmer

strategyneedstohavethelatterstrategymodule.Fbrexample,inthecaseofthephrase"～社長(thepresident～)",the"～''partoftenincludesaname.Thus,thephrase<<～社長"isacontextualcluetorecognizepersonnames.However,the"～"wordsinthisphrasedonotalwaysincludeaperson'sname.Therefbrefromonlyinfbrmationinthe"～''sequences,wemustjudgewhetheritincludesaperson'snameornot.OurproposedmodelisusefUlindoingthis,andcanbeappliedtoallsortsoffbrmerstrategies.

Lastweexperimentedusingasmallsampling.Formorphologicalanalysiserrorscausedbyunregisteredpersonnames,oursystemrevisedthemwith63.8%precisionand72.5%recall.Investigatingoursystemfailures,wefbundmostfailuresacceptableandreasonable.SoourproposedmodelWasshowntobeusefillandeffectivefbrtherecognitionofunregisteredperSonnames.

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2Extractionofpersonnamesandrevisionof

morphologicalanalysiserrors1

2．1Basicprocedures

First,wepickoutkanjiwordsequencesfbrdoingamorphologicalanalysisofasentence.Here,wedefinetheterm"kalLjiword"aswordscomposedofkalljicharacters.Forexample,fbrthefbllowingsentence(1),wegetsentence(2)astheresultofamorphologicalanalysis1andwepickoutthethreekanjiwordsequencesshownin(3).

(1)あの千葉大学の学生が鈴木健四郎社長です(ThatstudentgoingtoChibauniversityisthepresidentSuzukiKensirou.)

(2)／あの/千葉/大学/の/学生/が/鈴木/健/四郎/社長/です／(3)／千葉/大学/，／学生/，／鈴木/健/四郎/社長／

(Chibauniversity,student,thepresidentSuzukiKensirou)

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aperson'sname・Iftheextractednameisnotconsistentwiththemorphologicalanalysisresult,wecorrectthemorphologicalanalysisresultboaccountfbrtheextractedname.

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MmthRabpvefxample,wellaveeXiracted$henamesshowninTableLFromtheka叩sequence:g/千葉/大学/'l,weextractthename"/千葉/"as

*"W:(9"EWa=Sm=""c~5iS"WiIM:aofpmgic"anal"ygAMWeW"el'Oq""m";"""健四郎/",extractedasthefiEstnamefromthekanjisequence“/鈴木/健<(四郎/社琴空典雪翌f9野is雛呼h‘塗四空唾｡ふi鮒l懸藍蚕t,(;'柵誉〈‘崖茜鰕issegmentedinto"/健/"and$C/四郎""herefbre,werevisethemorph6iogi6alanalysisresulbtothesequencet:/健四郎/"PI",Vedpscribethep¥oc.jilreboejttracttheperson'snameftomtheko叩

sequence,FirstweextractkanjiwordsubsequencesasapartofthegivenkanjiwordseWWWpes,,"Wegiyeeaphl"jiwordSub"glic555MWMMi:Mthedegreetowhichthegivenkanjiwordsubsequenceappearstobeaperson'sWFWtiWeid9p""kagjiWQEdsubseqUbnCgas~5MEH;HmMGE●

::MW"_Z"="dvalue.."epll"isthekaMMi~gn"H:¥cW2"""on'snameandclassifeabytyP5(iEXtmiMMXortheiortheircombination).

Zaket#egaseofthek.Iljiwordsequence"/鈴木/健/四郎/社長/"Weextract"WWWW¥fWit"-nce,arijgdt'tiggEBMrE&chMM;tifM"W"asshownmTable2Weoutbutflig""7鈴木/健四郎/"withthemaximumscore.

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glWWWW"sgorewhichi"icaiesthedegreetowhichthegivelwWWWWWs#｡be2"s｡nisnamarmbMM6nm;iEM;wweproposethePersonNameConStructionModel.

JpW9seJlameSconsistofalasinameandfirs$nameLastnamescanbo""WWP"erp":"｡"P=mi5IMSr""ai4MMM:MgW"-MM9)aWh9'="･jti｡n~EMEEMW6;X":ththelasbname(@中曽根"hasfbllowingbhebhreecharacterjarts

LFC="中",LMC="曽",andLLC="根".

Inthecaseofthelastname(6鈴木",thecharacterpartsare:

LFC="鈴'',LMC="'',andLLC="木".

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Intipsargleway,""amescandividedintothreecharacterparts:thefirs$pos#ion9harapterl"g),bhemiddlepositionoharacter(FMCjandtiiempositioncharacter(FLC).

OUrmodelassumesthatanykanjicharacter"a''hasascorewhichindicateshow.oftenthecharacter"a''isusedasanLFC・Alsothecharacter"a''hasscoresfbrLMCandLLC.Wede伽eSi/c(q)tobetheLFCscorefbracharacter"a"､Wedefineamc(α)andSIIc(α)similarly,Bythefbllowingexpresslon,we

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α＝a1a2a3・・・α冗appears,tobealastname.

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WllenWearegivenbhekanjiwordsubsequenceP=uﾉ1uﾉ2.･･T"m,weregarditasthecharactersequenceP=(z,cz2…α冗・NextwecomputeeachscoreofSI(P),S/(P)andSi(q1q2…αf)*Sf(α簡+1ai+2…｡m),andoubputonewibhthe●

rnaxIrnurnscore.

Finally,wemustexplainhowtoconstructscoresofSIﾉc(q,)andsoon.Inthis""Yve,usedprMe-year-91d.neWspapeWtiClesasihetr5iriiXigcorpusFirSt,~W5segmexitedwordsbymorPholOgicalanalysisfbrthetrainingcofbus~Weiagii"jRWWarsRS"esUltofihWorphologWlOnalysis,5ndinadeafteqng""l9(T1)fbr.tPesenanJeaAndthenwePickedolilp6rs6fi'5MI=~MMWWWsWbEmorphologigalanalysis.ndmadearfi:equencyfablemEthesenames・T2alwayshasafrgqllencyofLNextwemefgedi1and";mjWejiiirltoofteqllenPyiable(TL)fbrlastnamesaniofigqEMMlm""FmRFFurt#er,yredividedmipt｡aheqd"EMME;"me29f#hglength!"afWl"cytable(TL2)fbrFnanibsofleimb~5fover.Similarly,wegOtmlandTF2Nextiftheffequencyofthem;figEα,a2a3…α"(">1)inTL2isノ,)"eWthevaluqftotheSIjc(｡,),Simc(@2),Simc(q3),…,simc(α泥_1)andS/ec(α”)WerepeatedthisprocedilrbfbralliiaIfieSinTL2,AsaresultwearrivedatscoresSI/c(α),SImc(α)andSiIc(α).AndwealsogotscoresSfﾉ･(g),afmc(q)andSfec(｡)iithigsame､Way.

WedefinedSh(a)andSi,([z)tobethefrequencyofthelastname"a''andthefirstname"a'',sotheseScorescanbedefingdin7rL1andTFI

L¥tljf,Wp"lqintheCaSethat&c((z)orSW,(｡)isequaltozero.Inthatcase,basicaJlySi(o!lgrar(o:)isdefinedtbbez"'Howa'er,iftheclig"5fsequenceQIhasthefbllowingfbrm:

lastname+firstname,

weusedlO%ofSi(Q:)asSi(QI),and10%ofSf(o!)asS/(o#),

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叩伊 Th9PersqnNameCo"uctionModeltendstoextracttoomanynamesfrom

kanjiwordsequences・Thisoccursbecausethismodelmeasurestheappearancegithepersq"a"alihoughappearanceisaweakindicationofaPgrSSif'5IIaagTh.refbreIitisdifficulttojudgebyonlythesecharacteristicsWliem5H15mgkanjiwordsequenceisaperson'sname.

Inthjspapgr,vVeuSet"regulbofmorphologicalanalysis,iogetherwibhthoPel:sonNameConstruciionModeLFirst,wehav5appliedtilefblloWiiIgiMMg

HOWIcFp.91ogicaLanalj(sis_errorcausedby$heunregisteredpersonnamein-cludesthekanjiwordwhoselengthisl:

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Fbrexample,thefirstnarneC:健四郎''issegmentedinto"/健/"and"/四郎/",butthissegmentationiswrong､Thismorphologicalanalysiserrorincludesthekanjiword"/健/''wh9s91e"hisLMostJaPanesendmeshaveolengihofl2";So,if9Inorphol9gi.alOnalysishasin6orrectlysegmefileaam8f5person'sname,itisclearthatakanjiwordwithlengtlfliJinclu"

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Byusingthe.eurisiicsIrOandthedictiqnary,wecanjudgethatakanjiwordsequenceisn'taperson'sn.meltshouldbenotedthattlieheuristicslibdoesnothelpustojudgewhetherakanjiwordsequenceisaname.Ifwecanjudgethatthegivenkanjiwordsequenceisn'taname,thescoreiszero,andifwecannotjudge,thescoreisobtainedbyusingthePersonNameConstructionModel.

Next,fbrthekanjiwordsequencewhichincludesakanjiwordwithlengthl,weusethefbllowingheuristics.

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includesthekanjiwOrdwhoselengthis2,thiskanjiwordisaperson'sname.●ⅡⅡ０１１■■０Ⅱ４ ●Intheaboveexample,themorphologicalanalysiserror(segmentationinto

"/健/''and"/四郎/")fbrtheffrstname<:健四郎"includesthekanjiword"/四郎/''withlength2,andthiswordisaperson'sname.TheheuristicsH1seemstenuous.Howeverweconfirmedittobeeffectivebythefbllowingexperiment.Firstwepickedpersonnameswithlength3ftomthedictionary.IfthepickedwordhasacharacterstringofAr,Ar2AF3,wemadethechargcterstringsル1k2andk2k3,andcheckedwhetherAF1AF2ork2&3isaperson'sname､78.0%ofthepickednamesAM2orAT2AF3resultedaspersonnames.ThisexperimentshowsthattheheuristicsH1iseffective.

ByusingtheheuristicsH1,wecanjudgethatakanjiwordsequenceisnotaperson'snameAgainnotethattheheuristicsHlcannotjUdgethatakanjiwordsequenceisaperson'sname.Ifwecanjudgethatthekanjiwordsequenceisn'taperson'sname,thescore.iszero,andifwecannotjudgeit,thescoreisobtainedbythePersonNameConstructionModel.

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2.4Collectionofrevisionerror

EvenifweusetheproposedmodelandheuristicsHO,H1andH2,somekanjiwordsequencesarejudgedwronglyaspersonnames.Howeverthefrequencyofthesewrongrevisionpatternsislow,andwegatheredfrequentrevisionerrorstoavoidtheseerrors.

First,wedidmorphologicalanalysisonaPartofthetrainingcorpus2.Nextwerevisedmorphologicalanalysiserrorswithoursystem.Wecollectedrevised

personnames,andmadeafrequencytablefbrthenames･Becausethefrequencyofgeneralpersonnamesislow,nameswithhighfrequencyareregardedaSwrong

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revisions.Throughtheseexperiments,weregisteredthefbllowinglOphrasesasnon-narnes.

“日米"，“対米"，“対中"，“国問",“花博"，“各行"，“一一極"，“信金"，“安門"，‘‘日債”

3Experilnent

ToconfirmthatourproposedmodelisusefUlandeffective,wepickedl,095sentenceshomthebeginningofnewspaperarticles3,andexperimentedWiththem.WedidamorphologicalanalysisofthesesentencesusingtheJUMANSysteIn41nvestigatingtheresultsofthemorphologicalanalysigonthem,W6fbulld51errOrs(42kinds)causedbyunregisteredpersonnames.OursyStempevised58phrases(41kinds)thatresultedfiomthemorphologicalanalysisAcorrectionwasmadeon37phrases(28kinds).Thisresultsliowsthat~theprecisionratewas63.8%andtherecallratewas72.5%.

ThecorrectionsareshowninTable3.

Table3・Righbrevisions■

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OUr_systemcouldnotdetectl4morphologicalanalysiserrors(13kinds)causedbyunregisteredpersonnames.WehaveclassifiedthereasonsfbrthiSintothefbllowing4types.

1.Segmentationofaregisteredwordiswrong(2errors,2kinds).Thesetwokanjiwordsequencesweresegmentedasfbllows:

－／井上/雅/晶代/表/(Rightsegmentationis/井上/雅晶/代表/)－／31／日田/嶌/徳弘/(Rightsegmentationis/31/日/田嶌/徳弘）

3MainichiShinbun'95CD-ROM.

4JUMANisastandardJapanesemorphologicalanalysissystem

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kanjiwordsequence．

/吉村/午/良/知事／‐－/橋本/大/二郎/知事／

/小/渕/恵三/自民党/副総裁／/木/見/金治郎/門下／腸罷詞

/沢/近／脚國砺鵬

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correcbion

/吉村/午良／(lastname/firstname）/橋本/大二郎/(lastname/firstname）/小渕/恵三/(lastname/firstname）/木見/金治郎／(lastname/firstname）/米長／(lastname）/沢近/(lastname）

/岩國/哲人／(lastname/firstname）●｡■

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405405

Theregisteredwords("/代表/''and"/日/'')werealsowronglysegmentedlikethoseabove.Becauseoursystemassumesthabtherearenoneofthese

typesoferrors,oursystemcannotextractthenameorrevisethistypeoferror.

2.Person'snameisfbreign(7errors,2kinds).Forexample,"/"/仕/梅/"and"/王/文/煥/''aremorphologicalanalysiserrors.ButthesenameareChineseorKoreannames.

BecauseourproposedmodelisbasedonheuristicsfbundedonJapanesepersonname,ourmodelcanbasicallynotdetectthistypeoferror.

3.Person'snameisold(3errors,3kinds).Thethreenamesare"/大橋/宗/桂/'',"/本因坊/算/砂/"and"/算/砂/".Be-causeweusedcurreninewspapersasthetrainingcorpus,itisdi団culttodevisethemodelparametersfbroldJapanesenemes・Thesenamearenotcoveredbyourmode1.

4.Person'snameisveryrare(2errors,2kinds)､●

Thesenameare"/楠/部/彌/弍/''and"/田原/護/立/".Ourmodelmustre-visetheseetrors,butwasnotabletodothis.

Theregisteredwords("/代表/”and"/日/")werealsowronglysegmentedlikethoseabove・Becauseoursystemassumesthabtherearenoneofthese

typesoferrors，oursystemcannotextractthenameorrevisethistypeoferror、

2.Person'snameisfbEeign(7errors,2kinds)．Forexample,“/鐘/仕/梅/”and“/王/文/煥/''aremorphologicalanalysiserrors，ButthesenameareChineseorKoreannames，

BecauseourproposedmodelisbasedonheuristicsfbundedonJapanesepersonname,ourmodelcanbasicallynotdetectthistypeoferror、

3Person'snameisold(3erroEs,3kinds)．Thethzeenamesare"/大橋/宗/桂/","/本因坊/算/砂/"and"/算/砂/"・Be‐causeweusedcurrentnewspapersasthetrainingcorpus，itisdi団culttodevisethemodelparametersfbroldJapanesenames・Thesenamearenotcoveredbyourmode1.

4.Person，snamelsveryrare(2errors,2kinds)．●

Thesenameare"/楠/部/彌/弍/"and"/田原/護/立/"､Ourmodelmustre‐visetheseetrors,butwasnotabletodothis．

1111●

Onlythe4therrortypehasbeenunsatisfactoryinourproposedmodel,soitisreasonabletoassumethatourproposedmodeliseffective.

Nextweclassifyrevisionerrors(19errors,16kinds)into4typesasfbllows.

Onlythe4therrortypehasbeenunsatisfactoryinourproposedmodel,soitisreasonabletoassumethatourproposedmodeliseffective，

NextweclassifyｴevisioneErors(19eEroZs,16kinds)into4typesasfbllows．亙り０。△Ⅳ，ＩｒＩＩＩＩＩ０１１‐ＬｌＤ０■Ⅱ１人６７．◆

刊呵０叩０列剤Ｉ川１ＪⅢ叩引引引、。ｅ６ｌｌ０

亙り０。△Ⅳ，ＩｒＩＩＩＩＩ０１１‐ＬｌＤ０■Ⅱ１人６７．◆

刊呵０叩０列剤Ｉ川１ＪⅢ叩引引引、。ｅ６ｌｌ０

月0

-Thedetectionthatthegivenkanjiwordsequenceincludesaperson'sname,issuccessfill,butrevisionfails(4errors,3kin"),___¥InthecaseOfmorphologicalanalysiserror"/楠/部/彌ｿ弍/",werevised"/楠/部/"to"/楠部/''(lagtname),butthisiswrongTherighirevisionig¥/楠部/彌弍/"(lastilarrie/firs､name)In"c"_"".m.hassuccessfUllydetettedthaithekanjiwordsequence((/楠/部/彌/弍/''includesaperson'snarne、

-iminregisteredpropernounwhichisnotaperson'snameisrevised(9e亜ors,7kinds)=Inthdcaseof'morphologicalanalysiserror"/星/島/日報/",werevised"/星/島/''to<@/星島''(laSiname)ThekanjiwordsequenceiI4星/島/"isanuiregistered.prop6rribun,andthe"tSegmentationis¥/星島/".SoourrevisIoniseffective,buttheword"/星島/"isnotaperson'snama

-TheunregisteredpiopernounwhiChisnotapersonnameisdetected,buttherevisionfails(5errors,5kinds).Inthecaseofmotphologicalanalysiserror"/油/麻/地/",werevised"/麻／地/''to"/麻地/"(lastname).Thekanjiwordsequence_:Y油/麻/地/"isanuriregistefedprbpetnoun,andtherightsegmentatioIlis_"/油麻地/''.Wesuc-6EMllydet5ctetlthattliiskanjiwordsequenceinclUdesunregist".words,butfaiibdtojudgetheunregisteredwordisaperson'sname,andtheseg-mentationbritfailed.

-"hltsofmorphologicalanalysiswerecorrectlyrevisedilerror,"mForexample,Wecorrectlyrevisedthesegmentation<&/東/p/''to"/東口/"(lastname).

一Thedetectionthatthegivenkanjiwordsequenceincludesaperson'sname，issuccessfUl,butrevisionfails(4errors,3kinds)．”InthecaseofmorphologicalanalysiserEol:"/楠/部/彌ｿ弍/",werevised"／楠/部/"to"/楠部/"(lastname),butthisiswrong､Therightrevisionis"／楠部/彌弍/"(lastname/firstname).Inthiscase,thesystemhassuccessfUllydetectedthatthekanjiwordsequence"/楠/部/彌/弍/''includesaperson，snarne、

一TheunregisteredpmpernounwhichisnotapeEson'snameisrevised(9e亜o暉s’7kinds）Inthecaseofmorphologicalanalysiserror“/星/島/日報/",werevised“／星/島/"to"/星島/”(lastname).Thekanjiwordsequence"/星/島/"isanunregisteredpropernoun,andtherightsegmentationis“/星島/".Soou砥Eevisioniseffective,buttheword"/星島/"isnotaperson'snama

-Theunregisteredpropernounwhichisnotapersonnameisdetected,buttherevisionfails(5erEors,5kinds)．Inthecaseofmomphologicalanalysiserror"/油/麻/地/",werevised"/麻／地/"to"/麻地/"(lastname).ThekanjiwoEdsequence"/油/麻/地/"isanunregisteredpropernoun,andtherightsegmentationis"/油麻地/".Wesuc‐cessMlydetectedthatthiskanjiwordsequenceincludesunregisterwords，butfailedtojudgetheunregisteredwordisaperson'sname,andtheseg‐mentation化ritfailed・

一Resultsofmorphologicalanalysiswereco江ectlyrevised(lerror,1kind)．Forexample,wecorrectlyrevisedthesegmentation"/東/口/”to"/東口/”（lastname)．

内合

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ｑ○句今一 406

Generally,w:cannotjujgeWiillo"contexbualinfbrmationwhetheraprope[ggunisapgFson'sPnameomojT.erefbre,wecannotavoidthe2nd"ef5fKThOrecogI1itiqnqf.anunregisteredwordisusefillinNLPsysternSX:fbf~Hifsystem,onlythe4therrorisregardedasafailure.

Inconclusion,WeshouldnotethatourproposedmodelisusefUlandeffective.

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TheaWofoursJ'Stem.istheautomaticrevisionofmorphologicalanalysiserrorocallsed.byunregistgredpersonnamesHowever,oursjStemtan65IggJ=~fiigextFactiQJlsystemfbrperSonnamesInrecentyears,tileinfbrmation&"EtiBIIsystemshavebeenactivelyresearched{411nthesesystems,itisimportantto"rrectlYpxtrqcjp.rsoxlnamesfromteXtSmOursysiemisdsefillinfiiE=M2heprpblem3ofextracting.perso"amesarbclassinedintothefbn6m'""P55:Thesetypephenomenamakeitdifficulttoextractnames.

1MorphologicalanalysiserrorscausebyunregisteredwordsIWxWRl9,WEiWsegmentationfbrthgcharactersequence::鈴木健四郎"is"/鈴木/健四郎/F',butamorphologicalanalysiswrdnglysegmentSitas@@/鈴木/健/四郎/",becausethefirstnaine:催四郎"isunregistered.

2.Assignmentofpartofspeechfails.

W9Fggmple,afmorphologicalanalysiscorrectlysegrnents(:細川正"as<C/細川/正/",butthepartofspeechfbr"細川"isassignedasageneralnoun.Thisiswrong.Thepartofspeechfbr"細川"istheperson'sname.

3．"eWordis9qFrec$!yjudgedOsaperson'snameuponrmorphologicalanalysis,butthewordisnotaperson'snameintheconteXt

mWmple,｡morphologicalanalysiscorrectlysegments<:松下塾"as::/松下/塾/",andthepartofspeechfbr:@松下"iscorrectlyassignedasaperson's

●

name.However,ininfbrmationextraction,theword"松下''shouldnotbee¥tr@ptedasaperson'sname,becausethephrase"/松下/塾/''istheorga-nizationname.

Oursys#efncaqbqusgfulinsolyingthefirstproblem.The2ndand3rdprob-lemscannotbesolvedwithoutcoliteftualinfbrfnation､Contextualinfbrmationisals9use"fbgthelstproblemHowever,asmentionedintheinif6aEM;gyeIlthemethojusingcoILbextualinfbrmationneedstojudgewhebhefMEMw9Wd¥queJlcejsaperson'SnameOrnohAndourmodel&nbeusedi6g:fhefwith,a!IIMletho4sllsingFontex､ualinfbrmationTheimprovementofiheifHIIEl"hichjudggswUetherthegivenwordsequenceisapers6n'snameofn56,aiigE"improvestheextractionsystemofpersonnames.

AMiofoursystemisthatscoresaredeiinedbyheuristicmethodWeshoulddeanescoresbyprobability.However,itisuncleathoWi6iilaMEc6f5c9"espondtptheprobability,andhowtodetermineprobabilitiesAdefinitidnQf,thegcorelWdonfrequencylikeoursystemissinmle,anJW5fkg~vfarSaIF

●●

siderationofthisaspectwillimproveourSystem

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OurmodeldealswithJapanesenamesandnotfbreignnames.However,fbr_eignnamesexpressedbykalLjichgractersarealmostalwaysChinesenamesor

Koreannames.TherearealimitednumberoflastnamesofChineseandKorean,andthereisaheuristicthatthelengthofthelastnameislandthelengthofthefirstnameis2[21.WebelievethatitiseasytorecognizeunregisteredChinesenamesandKoreannamesinJapanesetexts.

OurmodeldealswithJapanesenamesandnotfbreignnames､However,fbr-eignnamesexpressedbykanjicharactersarealmostalwaysChinesenamesor

Koreannames,TherearealimitednumberoflastnamesofChineseandKorean，andthereisaheuristicthatthelengthofthelastnameislandthelengthofthefirstnameis2[21.WebelievethatitiseasytorecognizeunregisteredChinesenamesandKoreannamesinJapanesetexts．

；；■■■甲ｅｄｑＤ■■Ⅱ０９曲９０．０○

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■■■甲ｅｄｑＤ■■Ⅱ０９曲９０．０○

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▲ＥＵｇｏＣｑＯａ８

5Conclusion5Conclusion

1

11

1

Inthispaper,wepresentedthemethodtoautomaticallyrevisemorphologi-calanalysiserrorscausedbyunregisteredpersonnames.Themainpartofour

methodisthemoduletogivethewordsequenceascorewhichindicatesbhedegreetowhichitappearsaperson'sname・Toimplementthismodule,wepro-

posedthePersonNameConstructionModelwhichappliestheheuristicruleonkanjicharacterscomposingJapanesenames.Throughtheexperiment,wehave

shownthatourproposedmodeliseffectiveandusefUl・Theproblemofourrevi-sionsystemishowtode伽escores.Forthisproblem,theimportofprobabilitymaybeeffective.ThisisourfUturetask.

Inthispaper，wepresentedthemethodtoautomaticallyrevisemorphologi‐calanalysiserrorscausedbyunregisteredpersonnames,Themainpartofourmethodisthemoduletogivethewordsequenceascorewhichindicatesbhedegreetowhichitappearsaperson，sname・Toimplementthismodule,wepro‐posedthePersonNameConstructionModelwhichappliestheheuristicruleonkanjicharacterscomposingJapanesenames､Throughtheexperiment,wehaveshownthatourproposedmodelise鮭ctiveandusefUl・Theproblemofourrevi‐sionsystemishowtode伽escores,Forthisproblem,theimportofprobabilitymaybeeffective､ThisisourfUturetask．

●

どＬｐｐｆｒざ。■７。■肌◇６Ｑザ日价、朝ａ■■▽由■Ｕａ．、己ら６，０．８９凸Ｉ出ＦＤ側・曲、Ｉ

旧１０心■私Ｉ砿Ｔパイいり心呵０６９〃心河？０２期蛆珊咽叩く

■。。●

どＬｐｐｆｒざ。■７。■肌◇６Ｑザ日价、朝ａ■■▽由■Ｕａ．、己ら６，０．８９凸Ｉ出ＦＤ側・曲、Ｉ

旧１０心■私Ｉ砿Ｔパイいり心呵０６９〃心河？０２期蛆珊咽叩く

■。。●

車ｈＯｏｌ凸Ｉ

車ｈＯｏｌ凸Ｉ

ｌＩＩＩＩｉ

ｅ０ｂｇ・Ｄ９ｑ■Ｂｏｏ０卓Ⅱ

ｌＩＩＩＩｉ

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＄

AcknowledgxnentsAcknowledgxnents哩Ｆ８ｌｌｌ０ＩＩＩｌｌＩ

哩Ｆ８ｌｌｌ０ＩＩＩｌｌＩ

1

３

』

、

■

日

日

３

』

、

■

日

日

WeusedNikkeiShibunCD-ROM'90andMamichiShibunCDFROM'95asthe

corpus.TheNihonKeizaiShinbuncompanyandtheMainichiShinbuncom-panygaveuspermissionofuseoftheircollections.Weappreciatetheassistancegranbedbybothcompanies.

WeusedNikkeiShibunCD－ROM'90andMainichiShibunCDデROM'95asthe

corpus・TheNihonKeizaiShinbuncompanyandtheMainichiShinbuncom戸panygaveuspermissionofuseoftheircollections,Weappreciatetheassistancegranbedbybothcompanies．

Ｉ■６勺ｂ■Ｕ〃ｐも。●心▲９６◆①

■ｂ■９６００

８９国８８日ⅡＪＬＪ０Ｂ■Ｅ６．９６巳ｑ△ｒＰＤ凸

Ｉ■日日ＯＨ４ｒ０Ｅ８９ｄ０８ざ５００屯８ｆ０ＩｑＢⅡ

０。●０■■■■●

■■、□０。。■ＵｐＰ４・巳・

■寺■■８●

６６■ⅡＵＦｈＤ・日１００ⅡⅡＩ■Ⅱ６００◆◆１０

Ｉ■６勺ｂ■Ｕ〃ｐも。●心▲９６◆①

■ｂ■９６００

８９国８８日ⅡＪＬＪ０Ｂ■Ｅ６．９６巳ｑ△ｒＰＤ凸

Ｉ■日日ＯＨ４ｒ０Ｅ８９ｄ０８ざ５００屯８ｆ０ＩｑＢⅡ

０。●０■■■■●

■■、□０。。■ＵｐＰ４・巳・

■寺■■８●

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1！■！;！!：‘1

1！■

RefbrencesRe企rences 月功００”ず：卜声ＩｐＬＯ０間

●■・口冒Ｂａ凸■・■○恥．寺■恥０■即一呂巳由■■

月功００”ず：卜声ＩｐＬＯ０間

●■・口冒Ｂａ凸■・■○恥．寺■恥０■即一呂巳由■■

０ＢＵＧ■Ｕ夢』■■０“Ｄも，ａＦＨｒ■■■甲０■〃①凸■■■，、早■●●・ｇＤ９ＤｒＢＬ■■■８Ｆ日■Ｂ■６■日日■Ｈｇも■□■■■日日日日■Ｄ■ＵＩＵ８０■田ひ８

０ＢＵＧ■Ｕ夢』■■０“Ｄも，ａＦＨｒ■■■甲０■〃①凸■■■，、早■●●・ｇＤ９ＤｒＢＬ■■■８Ｆ日■Ｂ■６■日日■Ｈｇも■□■■■日日日日■Ｄ■ＵＩＵ８０■田ひ８

1.Bikel,D.,Miner,S.,Schwartz,R.andWeischedel,R.:<GNymble:aHigh-PerfbrmanceLearniilgNanie-Rndel:",Proc:ofANLP-97,pp､194-201(1997)

2.Chen,H-H.andLee,J-C.:"IdenbificationandOlassilicationofProperNounsinChineseTbxts'',Proc.ofCOLING-96,Pp.418-424(1996).

3.Chen,K-J.andLiu,S-H.:!cWordldentilicationfbrMandarinOhineseSentences'',

Proc.ofCOLING-92,pp.101-107(1992).4.Grishman,R.andSundheim,B.:"MessageUnderstandingConference-6:ABriefHistory",Proc.ofCOLING-96,pp.446-471(1996).

5.Sekine,S.,Grishman,R.andShinnou,H.:"ADecisionTreeMethodfbrFindingandClassifyingNamesinJapaneseTexts",Proc.ofWVLC-6,toappear(1998).

6.Strzalkowski,T.andWang,J.:"ASelfLearningUniversalConceptSpotter'',Proc.ofCOLING-96,pp.931-936(1996).

7.Wakao,T.,Gaizuska,R.andWilks,Y.:"EvaluationofanAlgorithmfOrtheRecogni-tionandClassificationofProperNames'',Proc.ofCOLING-96,pp.418-424(1996).

8.Wang,L-J.,Li,W-C.andChang,C-H.:<GRecognizingUnregisteredNamesfbrMan-darinWordldentification'',Proc.ofCOLING-92,pp.1239-1243(1992).

1．BikeI,，.，Miuer,S､，Schwartz,R・andWeischedel,R、：“Nymble：aHigh-PerfbrmanceLeamingNanie-findex:",Proc､ofANLP-97,pp､194-201(1997）

2．Chen,H－H・andLee,J-C．：“IdenbificationandClassiicationofProperNounsinChinese亜xts",Proc,ofCOLING-96,Pp､418-424(1996)．

3．Chen,K-J，andLiu，S－H．：“WordldentiIicationfbrMandarinOhineseSentences，'，Pにoc,ofCOLING-92,pp､101-107(1992)．

4．Grishman,R・andSundheim,B、：“MessageUnderstandingConference-6：ABriefHistory"，Proc､ofCOLING-96,pp,446-471(1996)．

5．Sekine,S､,Grishman,R・andShinnou,H､：“ADecisionTreeMethodfbrFindingandClassifyingNamesinJapaneseTexts",Proc・ofWVLC-6,toappear(1998)．

6．Strzalkowski,T､andWang,』.：“ASelfLeamingUniversalConceptSpotter"，Proc・ofCOLING-96,pp､931-936(1996)．

7．Wakao,T､,Gaizuska,R､andWilks,Y､：“EvaluationofanAlgorithmfbrtheRecogni-tionandClassificationofProperNames",Proc・ofCOLING-96,pp､418-424(1996)．

8．Wang,L-J.,Li,W-C､andChang,C-H.：《‘RecognizingUnregisteredNamesfbrMan‐darinWbEdldentification",Proc,ofCOLING-92,pp,1239-1243(1992)．

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