Biologia, Bratislava, 59/5: 553—557, 2004

Revision of the Dolichopus tewoensis group(Diptera, Dolichopodidae) from China

Lili Zhang1, Ding Yang1* & Patrick Grootaert2

1Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China;e-mail: yangding@cau.edu.cn2Department of Entomology, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Vautierstraat 29, B–1000Brussels, Belgium

ZHANG, L., YANG, D. & GROOTAERT, P., Revision of the Dolichopus tewoen-sis group (Diptera, Dolichopodidae) from China. Biologia, Bratislava, 59:553—557, 2004; ISSN 0006-3088.

A new species-group: the tewoensis group is proposed in the present paper.It includes three species from China: D. tewoensis Yang, D. qinghensis sp. n.and D. zhoui sp. n. A key to the species from China is given. The geographicdistribution of the group in China is discussed.

Key words: Diptera, Dolichopodidae, Dolichopus, new species, China.

Introduction

The genus Dolichopus Latreille, 1796 is the secondlargest genus in the Dolichopodinae, which maybe separated from other genera by the followingcharacters: Hind tarsomere 1 with strong dorsalbristles; wing usually with costal callus; R4+5 andM convergent apically; M somewhat bent, some-times with rudimentary M2; male cercus ratherlarge with marginal denticles.

There are 242 known species in the Palaearc-tic Region (NEGROBOV, 1991; YANG, 1998a, c),but only 17 species in the Oriental Region (DYTE,1975; YANG, 1996, 1998b, 1999; YANG & LI,1998; YANG & SAIGUSA, 1999). STACKELBERG(1930) divided the species of Dolichopus from thePalaearctic Region into four groups and keyed re-spectively. OLEJNÍČEK (2002) gave a key to theOriental Dolichopus. Up to now, 43 species havebeen known to occur in China. YANG (1996) de-scribed some species from SW China and madea key to the species of Dolichopus from N China

in 1998. But, we continue to find new species ofDolichopus during the examination of our samples.For a country that covers both the Palaearcticand Oriental Regions, the genus Dolichopus fromChina still needs further study.

In the present paper, two species: D. qinghen-sis sp. n. and D. zhoui sp. n. are described as newto science, and a new species-group: the tewoen-sis group is proposed. The group includes threespecies from China: D. tewoensis Yang, 1998, D.qinghensis sp. n. and D. zhoui sp. n. The mainlyEuropean D. longicornis Stannius, 1831, and D.acuticornis (Wiedemann, 1817) also belong to thisnew species group. A key to the species of thetewoensis group from China is given.

The types are deposited in the Insect Collec-tion of China Agricultural University (CAU), Bei-jing. The following abbreviations are used: acr –acrotichal, ad – anterodorsal, apv – apicoventral,av – anteroventral, dc – dorsocentral, LI – foreleg, LII – mid leg, LIII – hind leg, pv – postero-ventral.

* Corresponding author

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The ���������� ������ group

Diagnosis. Middle and lower postocular bristlespale. Antenna distinctly elongated (more than 2times longer than wide) and acute apically. Foretibia with 1 pale slender apv. Wing with longand thick costal callus or indistinct callus. Epan-drium longer than wide, with distinct lateral loberather wide; cercus nearly rectangular with dis-tinct finger-like denticles bearing strong bristles.

Key to species (males) of���������� ���

��� group from China

1 Costal callus long and thick; hypandrium thickapically . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2– Costal callus indistinct; hypandrium rather nar-row apically . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .�� ����� sp. n.2 Arista arising at base of first flagellomere; hindtarsomere 1 with 1 ad and 2 d; hypandrium withacute tip . . . . . . . . . . . .�� ������ Yang, 1998– Arista arising at middle of first flagellomere; hindtarsomere 1 only with 1 d; hypandrium withtruncate tip . . . . . . . . . . . . . �� ��������� sp. n.

���������� ������ Yang, 1998 (Figs 1–5)Dolichopus tewoensis Yang, 1998a: 174.

Diagnosis. First flagellomere distinctly elongated(2.2 times longer than wide) and acute apically;arista arising near base of first flagellomere. Foreand hind coxae yellow, mid coxa black; apical 1/4of hind tibia black. Hind tarsomere 1 with 1 adand 2 d. Wing with long and thick costal callus.

Description. Male. Body length 4.0 mm, winglength 4.4 mm.Head metallic green with pale grey pollen. Face sil-very white, narrower than first flagellomere. Hairsand bristles on head black, middle and lower pos-tocular bristles pale. Antennal (Fig. 2) scape andpedicel yellow, dark brown dorsally; first flagellom-ere black with baso-ventral area yellow, distinctlyelongated (2.2 times longer than wide) and acuteapically; arista arising near base of first flagellom-ere and black, minutely pubescent with basal seg-ment 0.6 times as long as wide. Proboscis blackwith blackish hairs, palpus pale yellow with palehairs.

Thorax metallic green with pale grey pollen.Hairs and bristles on thorax black; 6 strong dc, 7–8irregularly paired acr hair-like; scutellum with twopair of bristles (basal pairs short and hair-like, api-cal pair long and strong) and some short marginalhairs. Propleuron with 1 black bristle on lower

Figs 1–5. Dolichopus tewoensis Yang, 1998: 1 – wing; 2– antenna, lateral view; 3 – male genitalia, lateral view;4 – cercus, lateral view; 5 – apical processes, lateralview.

portion. Legs yellow; fore and hind coxae yellow,mid coxa black; fore and mid tarsi from tip of tar-somere 1 onward brown to dark brown, apical 1/4of hind tibia and entire hind tarsus black. Hairsand bristles on legs black; mid and hind coxae eachwith 1 outer bristle; mid and hind femora eachwith 1 preapical bristle. Fore tibia with 2 ad, 2 pdand 2–3 pv, apically with 4 bristles and 1 slenderapv; mid tibia with 4 ad, 2 pd and 1 av, apicallywith 5 bristles; hind tibia with 4 ad, 1 d, 4–5 pdand 1 av, apically with 2 bristles. Hind tarsomere1 with 1 ad and 2 d. Relative lengths of tibia and5 tarsomeres: LI 1.55:0.7:0.35:0.28:0.2:0.2; LII2.1:1.1:0.55:0.45:0.3:0.22; LIII 2.2:0.8:0.95:0.62:?:?. Wing (Fig. 1) hyaline; veins black; costal cal-lus long and strong; M without rudimentary M2,CuAx ratio 0.65. Squama yellow with black hairs;halter yellow.

Abdomen metallic green with pale grey poll-en; hairs and bristles black. Male genitalia (Figs3–5): Epandrium distinctly longer than wide, withdistinct lateral lobe; cercus longer than wide,

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with distinct finger-like marginal denticles bearingstrong bristles; hypandrium acute apically; aedea-gus slightly curved apically.

Female. Body length 4.0 mm, wing length 4.4mm. Similar to male.

Type locality. Gansu Province, Tewo county (34◦05′N, 103◦14′ E).Material examined: 3 ��, 2 ��, Beijing: Men-tougou, Xiaolongmen (39◦56′ N, 116◦05′ E), 2.VIII.2003, leg. Dakang Zhou.

Distribution. China (Gansu, Beijing), Palaearc-tic Region.

���������� ��������� sp. n. (Figs 6–10)

Diagnosis. First flagellomere distinctly elongated(2.5 times longer than wide) and acute apically;arista arising at middle of first flagellomere. Forecoxa yellow, mid and hind coxae black; apical 1/3of hind tibia black. Hind tarsomere 1 with 1 d.Wing with long and thick costal callus.

Description. Male. Body length 4.3 mm, winglength 4.4 mm.Head metallic green with pale grey pollen. Facenarrower than first flagellomere. Hairs and bristleson head black, middle and lower postocular bris-tles pale. Antennal (Fig. 7) scape and pedicel yel-low, dark brown dorsally; first flagellomere black-ish brown, distinctly elongated (2.5 times longerthan wide) and acute apically; arista arising atmiddle of first flagellomere and black, minutelypubescent with basal segment 0.6 times as long asapical segment. Proboscis black with black hairs,palpus yellow with pale hairs.

Thorax metallic green with pale grey pollen.Hairs and bristles on thorax black; 6 strong dc, 9–10 paired acr hair-like; scutellum with two pair ofbristles (basal pairs short and hair-like, apical pairlong and strong) and some short marginal hairs.Propleuron with 1 black bristle on lower portion.Legs yellow; fore coxa yellow, mid and hind coxaeblack; fore tarsomeres 4–5 black; mid tarsus blackfrom tip of tarsomere 1 onward, apical 1/3 of hindtibia and entire hind tarsus black. Hairs and bris-tles on legs black; fore coxa with 4 apical bristles;mid and hind coxae each with 1 outer bristle; forefemur with 1 short apv, mid and hind femora eachwith 1 preapical bristle. Fore tibia with 3 ad, 1pd and 2 pv, apically with 5 bristles and 1 palelong apv (about 2/3 as long as fore tarsomere 1);mid tibia with 3 ad, 2 pd and 1 av, apically with5 bristles; hind tibia with 4 ad, 4–5 pd and 4 pale

Figs 6–10. Dolichopus qinghensis sp. n.: 6 – wing; 7 –antenna, lateral view; 8 – male genitalia, lateral view;9 – cercus, lateral view; 10 – apical processes, lateralview.

v on basal half, apically with 2 bristles. Hind tar-somere 1 with 1 d. Relative lengths of tibia and5 tarsomeres: LI 1.8:0.95:0.5:0.25:0.25:0.25; LII2.25:1.4:0.65:0.5:0.25:0.25; LIII 2.5:1.0:1.0:0.6:0.45:0.25. Wing (Fig. 6) greyish; veins black;costal callus long and strong. M without rudimen-tary M2, CuAx ratio 0.4. Squama pale yellow withblack hairs; halter pale yellow.

Abdomen metallic green with pale grey poll-en; hairs and bristles black. Male genitalia (Figs8–10): Epandrium longer than wide, with dis-tinct lateral lobe; cercus with distinct finger-likemarginal denticles bearing strong bristles; hypan-drium nearly truncate apically; aedeagus slender.

Female. Unkown.

Material examined. Holotype: Male, XinjiangVygur Autonomous Region: Qinghe county, Etai (900m a.s.l., 46◦42′ N, 90◦22′ E), 30.VI.1960, leg. ShuyongWang.

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Distribution. China (Xinjiang), Palaearctic Re-gion.

Etymology. The name refers to the type local-ity Qinghe county in Xinjiang Vygur AutonomousRegion.

Differential diagnosis. The new species is verysimilar to Dolichopus longicornis Stannius, 1831in having a distinctly elongated first flagellomere(more than 2 times longer than wide), with aristaarising from the middle of the first flagellomere.When comparing with specimens of D. longicornisfrom Europe provided by OLEJNIČEK, it is differ-ent. It can be separated from D. longicornis by theblack hind coxa and hind tarsomere 1 with 1 d. InD. longicornis, the hind coxa is mostly yellow withbrown spots and the hind tarsomere 1 has 2 d and1 lateral bristle.

���������� ����� sp. n. (Figs 11–15)

Diagnosis. First flagellomere distinctly elongated(2.4 times longer than wide) and acute apically;arista arising near base of first flagellomere. Foreand hind coxae yellow, mid coxa black; hind tibiawith brownish tip. Hind tarsomere 1 with 2 d and1 pd. Costal callus on wing indistinct.

Description. Male. Body length 3.6 mm, winglength 3.8 mm.Head metallic green with pale grey pollen. Facenarrower than first flagellomere. Hairs and bris-tles on head black, middle and lower postocularbristles pale. Antennal (Fig. 13) scape and pedi-cel yellow, black dorsally; first flagellomere black-ish brown with baso-ventral area dark yellow, dis-tinctly elongated (2.4 times longer than wide) andacute apically; arista arising near base of first flag-ellomere and black, with basal segment 0.7 timesas long as apical segment. Proboscis black withblack hairs, palpus yellow with black hairs.

Thorax metallic green with pale grey pollen.Hairs and bristles on thorax black; 6 strong dc,10 paired acr hair-like; scutellum with two pairsof bristles (basal pair short and hair-like, apicalpair long and strong) and some short marginalhairs. Propleuron with 1 black bristle on lower por-tion. Legs yellow [mid tarsomeres 2–5 broken off];fore and hind coxae yellow, mid coxa black; hindtibia with brownish tip; fore tarsomere 5 black,hind tarsus wholly black. Hairs and bristles onlegs black; fore coxa with 2 apical bristles; midand hind coxae each with 1 outer bristle; fore fe-mur with 1 short apv, mid and hind femora each

Figs 11–15. Dolichopus zhoui sp. n.: 11 – wing; 12 –antenna (excluding scape and pedicel); 13 – male geni-talia, lateral view; 14 – cercus, lateral view; 15 – apicalprocesses, lateral view.

with 1 preapical bristle. Fore tibia with one row ofad, 2 pd and 2 pv, apically with 2 bristles and 1pale long apv (about 1/2 as long as fore tibia);mid tibia with 2 ad and 1 pd, apically with 3bristles; hind tibia with 4 ad, 2 pd and 1 preapi-cal d, apically with 2 bristles. Hind tarsomere 1with 2 ad and 1 pd. Relative lengths of tibiaand 5 tarsomeres: LI 1.6:0.75:0.5:0.3:0.25:0.2;LII 1.65:1.0:?:?:?:?; LIII 2.5:1.0:1.1:0.6:0.5:0.2.Wing (Fig. 12) greyish; veins black; costal callusindistinct; M without rudimentary M2; CuAx ra-tio 0.5. Squama pale yellow with black hairs; halterpale yellow.

Abdomen metallic green with pale grey poll-en; hairs and bristles black. Male genitalia (Figs13–15): Epandrium longer than wide, with dis-tinct lateral lobe; cercus with distinct finger-likemarginal denticles bearing strong bristles; hypan-drium obtuse apically; aedeagus slender apically.

Female. Unknown.

Material examined. Holotype:Male, Beijing: Men-tougou, Xiaolongmen (39◦56′ N, 116◦05′ E), 2.VIII.2003, leg. Dakang Zhou (CAU).

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Distribution. China (Beijing), Palaearctic Re-gion.

Etymology. The species is named after DakangZhou.

Differential diagnosis. The new species is verysimilar to D. tewoensis Yang, 1998 and D. longi-cornis Stannius, 1831 in having the antenna dis-tinctly elongated (more than 2 times longer thanwide) and acute apically, but may be separatedfrom them by the indistinct costal callus and onlythe tip of the hind tibia brownish. In D. tewoensisand D. longicornis, the costal callus is long andthick. And in D. tewoensis, the apical 1/4 of thehind tibia is black (YANG, 1998a).

Discussion

The genus Dolichopus is mainly distributed in thePalaearctic Region. In China, the tewoensis groupis also confined to the Palaearctic part of China.D. qinghensis sp. n. mainly occurs in Neimeng-Xingjiang Region including East steppe Subre-gion (Neimeng: Hailaer) and West desert Sub-region (Xinjiang: Qinghe); D. tewoensis can befound both in North China Region (Huang-huaiplains Subregion: Beijing; Loess plateau Subre-gion: Gansu) and Central China Region (Westernmountain Subregion: Shaanxi); D. zhoui sp. n. isscattered in the North China Region (Huang-huaiplains Subregion: Beijing).

Acknowledgements

We are very grateful to Dr. J. OLEJNÍČEK (ČeskéBudějovice, Czech Republic) for kindly providing somerelated species of Dolichopus from Europe and to Mr.D. ZHOU (Beijing) for collecting some specimens. Thisresearch is supported by the National Natural ScienceFoundation of China (No. 30225009).

References

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NEGROBOV, O. P. 1991. Family Dolichopodidae, pp.11–139. In: SOÓS, A. & PAPP, L. (eds) Catalogueof Palaearctic Diptera 7, Akadémiai Kiadó, Bu-dapest.

OLEJNÍČEK, J. 2002. Dolichopus howjingleei sp. n.(Diptera, Dolichopodidae) from Taiwan with a keyto the Oriental Dolichopus. Biologia, Bratislava57: 147–151.

STACKELBERG, A. 1930. 29. Dolichopodidae, pp. 1–64. In: LINDNER E. (ed.) Die Fliegen der Paläark-tischen Region, 4 (5), Lief. 51, E. Schweizerbart,Stuttgart.

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YANG, D. 1998c. Six new species of Dolichopodidaefrom China (Diptera). Acta Entomol. Sin. 41,Suppl.: 180–185.

YANG, D. 1999. New and little known species ofDolichopodidae from China (IV). Bull. Inst. R. Sci.Natur. Belg. Entomol. 69: 197–214.

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YANG, D. & SAIGUSA, T. 1999. New species ofDolichopodidae from Henan (Diptera: Empidoi-dea), pp. 189–209. In: SHEN, X. C. & PEI, H. C.(eds) Insects of the Mountains Funiu and Dabieregions, The Fauna and Taxonomy of Insects inHenan, Vol. 4, China Agricultural Scientech Press.

Received February 23, 2004Accepted July 8, 2004

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