Review

The Heart- pathway of blood flow through the heart

Deoxygenated blood from rest of body to right atrium via superior and inferior vena cava right atrium right ventricle pulmonary artery lung where blood picks up O2 left atrium via pulmonary veins left ventricle oxygenated blood left heart via aorta to rest of the body

Blood from upper body

Blood from lower body https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KSbbDnbSEyM

Try it yourself1. Label AD in the diagram below. 2. Which kind of blood

(deoxygenated/oxygenated?) that entering:

a. superior vena cavab. pulmonary veinc. pulmonary arteryd. aorta

3. Where does the blood come from before entering the superior vena cava?

4. Where does the blood come from before entering the inferior vena cava?

5. Where does the blood go to after leaving the pulmonary artery?

6. The part receives blood from lung is:a. left ventricle c. left atriumb. right atrium d. right atrium

• http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-1372938/Live-human-heart-grown-lab-using-stem-cells-potential-transplant-breakthrough.html

The Respiratory System

Think/Pair/Share

• What is the function of the respiratory system?

• What are its parts?

• What is the structure-function relationship of its parts?

Respiratory System

• Function: to facilitate gas exchange which allows cells to obtain energy for growth, repair, movement etc.

Stayin’ Alive!All cells must carry out

cellular respiration:

C 6 H12O6 + 6 O2 →6 H2O + 6 CO2

Therefore, cells must constantly:• Get O2

• Get rid of CO2

PARTS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

1.Nose/Mouth

2.Trachea

3.Lungs

Respiratory System –Nose/Mouth• Air gets

moistened as it passes through the nasal and oral cavity

• Hair and mucous trap large particles, preventing them from entering

Respiratory System - Trachea• Tube-like structure that connects the

mouth/nose nasal passage to the lungs

Respiratory System - Trachea

• lined with epithelial tissue which

• -has cilia• -produces mucous

• Why?

Respiratory System - TracheaCilia and Mucous:• trap foreign particles• cilia beat upward to cause coughing to

bring up the foreign material

Respiratory System - Trachea• Cartilage rings

provide rigidity to trachea to keep airways open

An artificial trachea ready for transplantation.

The epiglottis A trap door covering the trachea that causes food and water to bypass it and enter the esophagus instead.

Respiratory System - Bronchi• Bronchi –tubes that carry air into each lung

• Bronchi branch off into smaller tubes called bronchioles

• (Bronchitis is a bacterial infection of the bronchi)

Respiratory System - Alveoli

• Bronchioles end with air sacs called alveoli• Alveoli- thin air sacs surrounded by capillaries

to allow gas exchange with the blood

Gas Concentration

in Alveoli

Concentration

in Blood

Moves from

Moves to

O2 high O2 concentrat

ion

lower O2

concentration

alveolus blood cells

CO2 lower CO2 concentrat

ion

higher CO2 concentrat

ion

blood alveolus

Gas Exchange in the Alveoli

Respiratory System - Lungs• Lungs are papery/spongy tissue due to the

many airways and air sacs.• Lungs inflate/deflate according to the

contraction/relaxationof your diaphragm muscle

Breathing-moving air in and out of lungs

Breathing

INHALATION EXHALATIONdiaphragm Contracts &

lowersRelaxes & raises

Volume of chest cavity

expands shrinks

Air moves Into lungs with higher O2 content

Out of lungs with higher CO2 content

Lungs inflate deflate

Respiratory System in Fish

• Fish use gills for gas exchange• Water with dissolved O2 flows over the gills

• O2 enters the bloodstream and CO2 exits into the water by diffusion

Lots of surface area to facilitate gas exchange.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hc1YtXc_84A