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Cellular Biology Exam Review – Dec.2011

Review the following topics

Modified True/FalseIndicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the sentence or statement true.

____ 1. Animals store carbohydrates as starch. ____________________

____ 2. Enzymes speed up chemical reactions. ____________________

____ 3. The attachment of the substrate to the enzyme’s active site creates the enzyme-substrate complex.

____________________

____ 4. The active site is the location where a substrate binds to an enzyme. ____________________

____ 5. The overall process of aerobic respiration produces thirty molecules of ATP. ____________________

____ 6. Anaerobic respiration can produce ATP even if glucose is not present. ____________________

Multiple ChoiceIdentify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 1. What statement about saturated fatty acids is correct?a. they contain only single bonds c. they are liquids at room temperatureb. they contain triple bonds d. they contain several double bonds

____ 2. The building block (monomer) of proteins isa. Glucose c. Glycerol + 3 fatty acid chainsb. Amino acids d. nucleotides

____ 3. Of the 20 amino acids found in the human body, how many are considered essential?a. 2 c. 12b. 8 d. 0

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Cell theory, types of cells, microscopesPlant and Animal Cells, parts and their functionsUsing a Microscope, microscope parts and functionsParts of the Cell Membrane, fluid Mosaic ModelMovement of Particles Through the Cell MembraneDiffusion, osmosis, 3 types of solutions, factors affecting passive transportCarbohydratesLipidsProteinsEnzymes, Factors Affecting Enzyme ActivityCellular Respiration (aerobic and anaerobic )


____ 4. In brewing, baking, and winemaking, the enzymes found in yeast cells convert glucose to a. Carbon dioxide and water c. alcohol and carbon dioxideb. Lactic acid d. pyruvate

____ 5. ATP stands fora. adenine triglyceride phosphotase c. adenosine tetraphosphateb. adenosine triphosphate d. additional temperature promoter

____ 6. Which of the following is the correct equation for aerobic cellular respiration?a. C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O+ 36 ATPb. 2 C3H6O3 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O+ 34 ATPc. C6H12O6 2 C3H6O3

d. C6H12O6 2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2

____ 7. Which of the following is the correct equation for glycolysis?a. C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O+ 36 ATPb. C6H12O6 2 C3H6O3

c. 2 C3H6O3 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O+ 34 ATPd. C6H12O6 2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2

____ 8. From one glucose molecule, how many molecules of ATP are created during lactic acid fermentation?a. 2 c. 36b. 34 d. 0

9. The movement of solutes across a cell membrane from an area of low concentration to high concentration is called

(a) Passive Transport(b) Active transport(c) Brownian motion(d) Diffusion(e) Osmosis

10. If a cell is placed in a hypertonic environment,(a) There is a higher concentration of water outside the cell than inside the cell(b) There will be a net movement of water into the cell causing it to swell(c) There is a higher concentration of water inside the cell than outside the cell(d) The concentrations of water inside and outside the cell are equal(e) (a) and (b)

11. If skittles are placed in a beaker of water, the food colouring will disperse until all of the water becomes coloured. This is the result of

(a) Active transport(b) Diffusion(c) Osmosis(d) Facilitated diffusion(e) None of the above

12. The site of protein synthesis in the cell

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a. Ribosomesb. Mitochondrionc. Vacuolesd. Lysosomese. Microtubules

13. Carbohydrates are polymers of . . . (a) glucose(b) amino acids(c) lipids(d) nucleotides(e) starch

14. What is osmosis?(a) a type of reverse diffusion(b) the movement of particles through a semi-permeable membrane(c) the movement of water through a semi-permeable membrane(d) the movement of any substance through a selectively permeable membrane(e) the movement of water particles without need for a membrane

15. Most body cells are continually being replaced as they wear out. The organelle responsible for breaking down worn-out cells is the

(a) cell membrane(b) vacuole(c) vesicle(d) endoplasmic reticulum(e) lysosome

16. A plant vacuole serves as a storage space for(a) water(b) sugars(c) minerals(d) waste(e) all of the above

17. Which of the following statements about the cell membrane is correct?(a) Both ends of the phospholipid are hydrophilic.(b) Both ends of the phospholipid are hydrophobic.(c) There is one type of protein embedded in the bilayer.(d) A variety of proteins are embedded in the bilayer.(e) None of these statements is correct.

Matching

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Match each item related to carbohydrates to the correct statement listed below.a. Monosaccharide d. Glycogenb. Disaccharide e. Starchc. polysaccharide f. cellulose

____ 1. simplest carbohydrate, consisting of a single sugar ____ 2. A molecule that stores energy in plants.____ 3. two monosaccharides linked together

____ 4. A molecule that stores energy in animals____ 5. A long chain consisting of many monosaccharides____ 6. A molecule that gives plant cell walls their rigidity.

Match each item related to lipids to the correct statement listed below.a. Unsaturated fats d. Glycerol + 3 fatty acid chainsb. Saturated fats e. Monounsaturated c. Trans fats f. polyunsaturated

____ 1. lipid molecules containing only one carbon–carbon double bond in their fatty acid chains____ 2. Solids at room temperature, found in animals____ 3. Lipid molecules that contain many carbon-carbon double in their fatty acid chains____ 4. The building blocks of lipids____ 5. Liquids at room temperature, found in plants____ 6. Unsaturated fats that have been chemically modified to become saturated (i.e. margarine)

Match each item related to enzymes to the correct statement below.a. substrate d. Catalystb. active site e. reactantsc. enzyme-substrate complex f. products

____ 1. starting materials of a chemical reaction____ 2. enzyme with its substrate attached to the active site____ 3. the molecule an enzyme acts on in a chemical reaction____ 4. the results of a chemical reaction____ 5. location where the substrate binds to the enzyme____ 6. speeds up a chemical reaction

Match these terms related to cellular respiration with the correct statement below.4


a. Aerobic cellular respiration d. lactic acid fermentationb. pyruvate e. Alcohol fermentationc. ATP

____ 1. uses oxygen to produce ATP____ 2. end product of glycolysis____ 3. glucose is converted to alcohol, carbon dioxide, and ATP____ 4. occurs during strenuous exercise when blood oxygen levels are low____ 5. source of chemical energy in the cell

Tables

Complete the following table describing the indicators used to test for food molecules.

Name of Indicator Molecule Tested For Colour Change Observed

Biuret’s Reagent

Starch

Benedict’s Reagent

Oil or Lipids

Complete this following chart describing the three types of microscopes.

Type of Microscope Magnification Resolution *-size of clear objects

Type of Picture

a) ________________ ________________

400X 200 nm apart 2D

Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) b) _________

0.2 nm apart- the distance between atoms!!

c) ________

Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)

300,000X 10 nm apartd) _______

Bonus: How many nanometers in a meter? ________________

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Diagrams

1. Complete the following table. [8 Marks]

Type of Molecule Sketch or Diagram Function in the body

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2. Label the parts and indicate the functions of each part in the diagram below.

Number Name of Part Function1

2

3

4

5

6

7

7


3. Use the following cell membrane diagram to complete the table below.

Name of Structure Functiona

b

c

d

8

a

d

c

b


4. Label the indicated parts of the microscope. [5]

5. The cells below are in three different solutions. Review the images and answer the questions below. Beaker A Beaker B Beaker C

A: _________________ B: ______________ C: ________________

(a) In the space below each beaker, identify each solution as hypotonic, hypertonic or isotonic.

(b) Explain what has happened to the cells in beaker B?

Short Answer

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1.Describe three differences between saturated and unsaturated fats.

2.What are essential amino acids? How many amino acids are considered essential?

3.How does the presence of an enzyme affect the rate (speed) of a chemical reaction? Explain why.

4. What are the two types of fermentation? Give the overall equation for each.

5. What are two similarities and two differences between facilitated diffusion and osmosis?

6. How is the rate of diffusion affected by a decrease in the concentration gradient?

7. Describe one similarity and two differences between facilitated diffusion and active transport.

8. a) What is the key difference between aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration?

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b) Which form is more suited to large organisms such as humans, cows, and fish? Which form is adequate for single-celled organisms such as yeast cells and bacteria? Explain.

9. State three differences between plant and animal cells. (3 Marks)

10. Complete the following three statements that make up cell theory.

a) All living things are ____________________________.

b) Cells are the basic ________________ and _______________ units of life.

c) All cells come from _________________________________ .

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