Review the 1906 Meishan earthquake and Chiayi Transfer Zone in Central Taiwan

Yuan-Hsi LeeNational Chung-Cheng University

Taiwan earthquake model1906 Meishan earthquake ML:7.1Chiayi area

-Characteristics of the active faultsfault length; dip angle; slip rate….

-Chiayi transfer structure

2001-2012

2

Tectonics and Seismicity of Taiwan

3

1946

1906

1935

1935

1946

1951

1999

1906

Active transverse structure in fold and thrust belt of Taiwan

1935:TuntzuchiaofaultShihtan faultShenchoshan faultML:7.1Death: 3279Injury:12119Totally destroyed

houses:19729

1935:Tuntzchiao fault

1946:Hsinhwa fault

Date March 17, 1906 Meishan earthquakeMagnitude 7.1 MLcasualties 1,258 dead

2,385 injured

At 5:12 a.m. on April 18, 1906Francisco earthquake

1906 Meishan earthquake(Omori, 1907)

Prof. Cheng

Coseismic displacement of the 1906 Meishan earthquake (Omori, 1907)

uplift

uplift

Chiuchiungkeng fault ?

Chungcheng unisersity

Uplift (cm)

Strike slip (cm)

1906: Meishan fault

1906:Meishan fault

1906:Meishan fault

嘉義廳(嘉義市內)前大馬路二側潰倒的民宅與散落一地的殘磚礫瓦。

嘉義廳大莆林街(嘉義縣大林鎮)的慘狀，擔架是當時運送傷患的主要工具。大莆林街民房全倒124戶、半倒12戶、大破10戶，35人死亡、10人重傷、24人輕傷。

Chung-Cheng Unisersity

Yui et al.,2003

Muchiliao active structure

Complex faulting process

Chiayi transfer structure

South ending process of the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake

1022 Mw 6.8earthquake

No surface rupture

1999 Chi-Chi earthquake

S N

2.4m

Complex ending process rather than a single tear fault

Kukeng fault

Changhua fault

Chiuhsiungkeng fault

1. Kukeng fault & Changhua fault

2. Kukeng fault & Chiuchiungkeng fault

2. Chiai blind fault & Meishan fault

Chiayi blind thrust

Meishan fault

Chenglongpu faultWhat is the return period of each fault?

Earthquake hazard assessment?

Cut 18540yr terrace(Hsu ,2003)Vertical displacement > 0.72 mm/yrHorizontal displacement > 15 mm/yr

Chiuchiungkeng fault

區域地形

Chiayi blind fault

Meishan fault

Chiayi blind fault

High angle dipping to the south

Meishan Fault

Meishan Fault

Chiuchiungkeng FaultMeishan Fault

(Cheng, 1995)

Yang et al.,2004

Meishan Fault

Meishan Fault

Chiuchiungkeng FaultMeishan Fault

(Cheng, 1995)

(Cheng, 1995)

Structure of Cretaceous TopTaihsi

Touliu

Tounan

Meishan

PeikangMinhsiung

AnticlineSyncline

Meishan Fault

Meishan Fault

Chiuchiungkeng FaultMeishan Fault

(Cheng, 1995)Blind fault beneath the Chiungekeng fault

Meishan Fault

Blind fault beneath the Chiuchiungkeng Fault

ure of Cretaceous Top TouliuTounan

Meishan

eikangMinhsiung

Yang et al.,2004

Kukeng fault →strike slip fault : >20 Km

Meishan fault →strike slip fault: ~25 km

Chiuchiungkeng fault→ thrust fault → >17 Km

Chiayi fault →blind thrust→ > 30 Km

Liuchia fault → blind thrust → > 20 km

Muchiliao fault → blind thrust → 24 Km

Peiho fault→strike slip fault→ >13 Km

Chung Cheng University

1.Thickness of the sedimentary basin

2.Preexisting structures

3.Changing the lithology

Basin is deeper to the south

Lin et a.,2002

South dipping faults are easy to be triggered

Thank you for your attention