review of transient stability enhancement in multi-machine ...system stability are either in terms...

International Journal of Electrical Electronics & Computer Science Engineering

Volume 4, Issue 6 (December, 2017) | E-ISSN : 2348-2273 | P-ISSN : 2454-1222

Available Online at www.ijeecse.com

68

Review of Transient Stability Enhancement in Multi-Machine Power System by

using Various Types of PSS & FACT’s Devices

G. B. Jadhav1, Dr. C. B. Bangal

2, Dr. Sanjeet Kanungo

3

1Ph.D. Scholar, Dr.Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, Maharashtra

2Professor & Principal, RMD, Shinhgad School of Engineering, Pune, Maharashtra

3Professor & Program Chair Marine Engineering, Tolani Maritme Institute, Pune, Maharashtra

[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract: This paper presents review of various techniques

used for enhancement of power system stability. Various

combinations of PSS’s and FACT’s devices such as the SVC-

based PID damping controller and PSS, STATCOM

controller, the SVC and the generic/multiband PSS,

MultiBand PSS, Dual input PSS, PSS and TCSC controllers,

FLPSS, UPFC and PSS and the MB-PSS which are used for

enhancing transient stability in power system are reviewed in

this paper. The information collected in this paper is sufficient

for finding out relevant references in the field of power system

stability.

Keywords: Transient Stability, FACTS controller, PSS.

I. INTRODUCTION

The power system is a highly nonlinear system that

operates in a constantly changing environment; loads,

generator outputs and key operating parameters change

continually. When subjected to a disturbance, the stability

of the system depends on the initial operating condition as

well as the nature of the disturbance. Increasingly

complex modern power systems require stability,

especially for transient and small disturbances. Transient

stability plays a major role in stability during fault and

large disturbance.[26]

The change in electromagnetic torque of a synchronous

machine following a perturbation can be resolved into two

components: Synchronizing torque component, in phase

with rotor angle deviation. Damping torque component,

in phase with the speed deviation. System stability

depends on the existence of both components of torque

for each of the synchronous machines. Lack of sufficient

synchronizing torque results in aperiodic or nonoscillatory

instability, whereas lack of damping torque results in

oscillatory instability. For convenience in analysis and for

gaining useful insight into the nature of stability

problems, it is useful to characterize rotor angle stability

in terms of the following two subcategories:

Small-disturbance (or small-signal) rotor angle stability is

concerned with the ability of the power system to

maintain synchronism under small disturbances.

In today’s power systems, small-disturbance rotor angle

stability problem is usually associated with insufficient

damping of oscillations. The aperiodic instability problem

has been largely eliminated by use of continuously acting

generator voltage regulators; however, this problem can

still occur when generators operate with constant

excitation when subjected to the actions of excitation

limiters (field current limiters). Small-disturbance rotor

angle stability problems may be either local or global in

nature. The time frame of interest in small-disturbance

stability studies is on the order of 10 to 20 seconds

following a disturbance. Large-disturbance rotor angle

stability or transient stability, as it is commonly referred

to, is concerned with the

ability of the power system to maintain synchronism

when subjected to a severe disturbance, such as a short

circuit on a transmission line. The resulting system

response involves large excursions of generator rotor

angles and is influenced by the nonlinear power-angle

relationship. Transient stability depends on both the initial

operating state of the system and the severity of the

disturbance. Instability is usually in the form of aperiodic

angular separation due to insufficient synchronizing

torque, manifesting as first swing instability. However, in

large power systems, transient instability may not always

occur as first swing instability associated with a single

mode; it could be a result of superposition of a slow

interarea swing mode and a local-plant swing mode

causing a large excursion of rotor angle beyond the first

swing .It could also be a result of nonlinear effects

affecting a single mode causing instability beyond the

first swing. - The time frame of interest in transient

stability studies is usually 3 to 5 seconds following the

disturbance. It may extend to 10–20 seconds for very

large systems with dominant inter-area swings.[1]-[2]-[3]

Mitigation of Transient Stability Problem:

The control actions at generator end to enhance the

system stability are either in terms of excitation system or

power system stabilizers or at mechanical end of power

plants. Fig.1 show the general structure of primary control

system to enhanced transient stability at generator end

side in the system [19].

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]




69

Fig. 1. Physical Structures of Basic Control Scheme [19]

Negative Damping Due to Voltage Regulator:

It is generally recognized that the normal feedback control

actions of voltage regulators and speed governors on

generating units have the potential of contributing

negative damping which can cause undamped modes of

dynamic oscillations.[3]-[4]

Fig. 2. Block Diagram of Generator Under Voltage

Regulator

Any change in the terminal voltage magnitude ET from

the reference set point provides an error signal (Ae) to the

voltage regulator, which calls for a change in excitation

level. The major delay in this voltage feedback loop is due

to the response in machine flux (Eq) for a change in

generator field voltage (EFD) this delay is due to the large

inductance of the generator field winding. For a generator

on-line, this delay can be represented by a time constant

Tq which is usually about 2 seconds. [3],[4]

The swing equation:

(1)

where

δ = rotor angle in radians;

ωO = angular speed of rotor (the base or rated value ωO =

377 rad/s);

Tm = mechanical torque in per unit;

Te = electrical torque in per unit;

H = combined turbogenerator inertia constant expressed

in megawatt seconds per megavolt ampere.

(2)

where

Ks = synchronizing coefficient;

KD = damping coefficient;

Δδ = rotor angle change;

ω = angular speed of rotor;

Δ = change.

From equation (2), it can be seen that for positive values

of Ks, the synchronizing-torque component opposes

changes in the rotor angle from the equilibrium point (i.e.,

an increase in rotor angle will lead to a net decelerating

torque, causing the unit to slow down, relative to the

power system, until the rotor angle is restored to its

equilibrium point Δδ = 0). Similarly, for positive values

of KD, the damping-torque component opposes changes

in the rotor speed from the steady-state operating point. A

generator will remain stable as long as there are sufficient

positive synchronizing and damping torques acting on its

rotor for all operating conditions.

Fig. 3. Response of Speed and Angle to Small

Disturbances. [4]

The relationship between rotor speed and electrical power

following small disturbances is shown in Fig.3. A number

of factors can influence the damping coefficient of a

synchronous generator, including the generator’s design,

the strength of the machine’s interconnection to the grid,

and the setting of the excitation system. While many units

have adequate damping coefficients for normal operating

conditions, they may experience a significant reduction in

the value of KD following transmission outages, leading

to unacceptably low damping ratios. In extreme situations,

the damping coefficient may become negative, causing

the electromechanical oscillations to grow and,

eventually, causing a loss of synchronism. This form of

instability is normally referred to as dynamic.[3]-[4]




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II. POWER SYSTEM STABILIZER (PSS)

Since voltage regulator control can act to reduce the

damping of unit oscillations by sensing terminal voltage,

it seem reasonable that a supplementary signal to the

voltage regulator can increase damping by sensing some

additional measurable quantity. In doing so, not only can

the undamping effect of voltage regulator control he

cancelled, but damping can be increased so as to allow

operation even beyond the steady-state stability limit.

This is the basic idea behind the power system stabilizer.

The supplementary signal of a PSS may be derived from

such quantities as changes in shaft speed (Δω), generator

electrical frequency (Δf)), or electrical power

(ΔPE).[3],[15]

PSS is designed to work together with generator

excitation system in order to produce positive damping

torque to ensure system stability in which can be explain

by torque vector diagram as Fig.4 below, K1 is

synchronizing torque, K1A is synchronizing torque by

AVR and K1P is synchronizing torque by PSS. Where D

is damping torque DA is damping torque by AVR and DP

is damping torque by PSS.[15]

Fig.4. AVR + PSS Torque Characteristic Diagram[15]

For proper damping action, PSS control settings must he

determined, involving the lead, lag, and gain adjustments

of the stabilizer. Since the dynamic response of a unit

involves both the machine and the external system, such

settings may vary from unit to unit. Also, particular PSS

settings designed to suppress intertie oscillations may not

be effective in damping local machine/system oscillations.

Therefore, tuning procedures for PSS generally involve

both a field test and a study of the machine and system.[3]

Types of Power System Stabilizers

PSS Type Block Diagram Brief Description

Conventional

or Generic

Type PSS

1.The model consists of a low-pass filter, a general gain, a washout

high-pass filter, a phase-compensation system, and an output

limiter.

2. The general gain K Determines damping . The washout high-

pass filter eliminates low frequencies. The phase compensation

system is represented by a cascade of two first-order lead-lag

transfer functions used to compensate the phase lag between the

excitation voltage and the electrical torque of the synchronous

machine.[11],[18]

Dual input

CPSS

The two inputs to dual-input PSS are Δω and ΔPe, with two

frequency bands, lower frequency and higher frequency bands,

unlike the conventional single input (Δω) PSS. The performance of

IEEE type PSS3B is found to be the best one within the periphery

of the studied system model.

Multiband

Power

System

Stabilizer

1.The multiband power system stabilizer have adjustable working

band to control the different mode of oscillation.

2. Three separate bands are used, respectively dedicated to the low-

,intermediate-,and high-frequency modes of oscillations

3. The outputs of the three bands are summed and passed through a

final limiter producing the stabilizer output Vstab.[11]




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Fuzzy Logic

PSS

(FLPSS)

1.The fuzzy controller, used in power system stabilizer, normally

consists of a two-input and a

single-output component.

2.The two inputs are Δω and (Δω)’, and

the output of the FLPSS is a voltage signal, applied to auxiliary

control of excitation system.[5]

Review of Different PSS Techniques:

A. PID Control Approach: PID is used for stabilization in

the system. The input is the change in speed from the

generator. The aim is to control the angle between load

and speed of generator. The PSS parameters are tuned

from Open loop transfer function to close loop based on

Fuzzy logic. Therefore, the open loop transfer function

and maximum peak response parameter make the

objective function which is used to adjust PID parameters.

B. LAG-LEAD Design: The washout block is used to

reduce the over response of the damping during extreme

events. Since the PSS produces a component of electrical

torque in phase with speed deviation, phase lead blocks

circuits can be used to compensate for the lag between the

PSS output and the control action(hence lead-lag). It

proves its value when the disturbance is multi natured.

C. Pole Placement Method: The pole placement method is

applied to tune the decentralized output feedback of the

PSS. The objective function is selected to ensure the

location of real parts and damping ratios of all electro

mechanical modes. At the end of the iterative process, all

the electromechanical modes will be moved to the region

if the objective function converges to zero.

D. Model predictive Control: It can handle non linarites

and constraints in saturated way for any process model. In

these techniques an explicit dynamic model of a plant is

used to predict the effect of future actions of manipulated

variables on the output.

E. Linear Matrix Inequalities: The important feature is the

possibility of combining design constraints into a single

convex optimization problem.it is used in many

engineering related problems. The condition that the pole

of a system should lay within this region in the complex

plane can be formulated as an LMI constraint.

F. Linear Quadratic Regulator: These are well known as

compared to lag-lead stabilizers. This is used as a state

feedback controller. A coordinated LQR design can be

obtained with Heffron- Phillips Model and it can be

implemented by using the information available within

the power system. During the presence of faults even

these methods prove to be stable.

G. Genetic Algorithm: Genetic algorithm is independent

of complexity of performance parameters and to place the

finite bounds on the optimized parameters [8]. As a result

it is used to tune multiple controllers in different operating

conditions or to enhance the power system stability via

PSS and SVC based stabilizer when used independently

and through different applications.

H. Fuzzy Logic Control: These are rule based controllers.

The structure of this logic resembles that of a knowledge

based controller; it uses principle of fuzzy set theory in its

data interpretation and data logic. It has excellent

response with small oscillations. The controller is robust

and works effectively under all types of disturbance. It

has very short computation time.

I. Neural Network: Neural Network is used to

approximate the complex non-linear dynamics of power

system. Magnitude constraint of the activators is modelled

as saturated non-linearity and is used in Lyapnov‟s

stability analysis [9] [10]. The overshoot is nearly same as

conventional PSS but settling time is drastically reduced.

J. Anfis PSS: The actual design method may be chosen

based on real time application and dynamic performance

characteristics. If the training data and algorithm are

selected properly then good performance can be observed.

1.5 Different Issues with Conventional Controller/Model.

[20]

Various Facts Controllers for Enhancing Power System

Control:

• Synchronous compensator static (STATCOM)

• Static var Compensator (SVC) -Checking the voltage

• Controller of supply flow unified (UPFC)

• Compensator of convertible series (CSC)

• Inter-Contrôleur power flow of phase (IPFC)

• Serial Controller Static synchronous (SSSC)

• Thyristor controlled series compensator (TEAC)-

Check the impedance

• Thyristor controlled dephasing of the transformer

(angle of controls) TCPST

• Storage of magnetic energy super conduct (SMES)-

Control of voltage and power[5]-[6]-[7]-[8]-[9]




72

III. RESULTS COMPARISON

S. No. Fact’s and PSS

Combination Result Comparison Simulation

1.

The coordinated design

of the SVC-based lead-

lag damping controller

and PSS compared to the

coordinated design of the

SVC-based PID damping

controller and PSS.

[7]

The results of the simulations suggest that

transient stability was dramatically improved

by the coordinated design of the SVC-based

lead-lag damping controller and PSS

compared to the coordinated design of the

SVC-based PID damping controller and PSS,

and to the non coordinated criteria.

2.

Swarm intelligence based

coordinated controller

(PID+PSS) [20]

From the literature review many

developments have seen in optimization of

PSS using various techniques. Many

researchers developed advanced control

design approaches such as intelligent control,

adaptive control and robust control for power

system stabilization and oscillation damping.

But the existing controllers need more

iteration and had computational burden to

optimize the parameters for wide range of

operating conditions. The proposed PID

based PSS controller significantly suppress

the oscillations of the rotor speed and power

angle. Swarm Intelligence algorithm may use

to solve the optimization problem and explore

for an optimal set of PID gains and PSS

parameters.

3.

Coordination between the

STATCOM controller

and the MB-PSS

[8]

Solves the problem of power system

stabilization by using the advanced static

synchronous shunt compensator STATCOM

to increase the damping of electromechanical

oscillations of the power system and regulates

the system voltage by absorbing or generating

reactive power to the system. Also, a multi-

band power system stabilizer MB-PSS is

developed to get a moderate phase advance at




73

all frequencies of interest in order to

compensate for the inherent lag between the

field excitation and the electrical torque

induced to ensure robust oscillation damping.

A combined control of STATCOM with MB-

PSS is proposed also in this paper to give

more increase of the oscillation damping that

improves power system stability.

4.

Coordinated control of

the SVC and the

generic/multiband

PSS [11]

The multi-machine power system is simulated

using MATLAB and the effect of PSS and

SVC on dynamic response of the system

under single-phase fault and three-phase fault

are simulated. It can be concluded that the

coordinated control of the SVC and the

generic/multi-band PSS is an effective

solution to damp low frequency oscillation

for multi machine power system. On the other

hand, the SVC or PSS alone lacks the ability

to damp oscillation under extreme grid

disturbances. Hence, for the practical power

system, the coordinated control of the SVC

and multi-band PSS provides usefull mean to

enhance global electromechanical stability.

5 AVR+multiband PSS

[13]

Multiband PSS is designed to absorb all the

disturbances that occur in electrical networks,

these disturbances induce electromechanical

oscillations in power systems.

By equipping this power system with a

conventional regulation (AVR + generic PSS)

the oscillations are damped gradually and

their amplitude is less important. Using

Multiband PSS instead of conventional PSS,

these power oscillations are damped

completely and the power system returns to

its stability from the third second, with a

modern multiband PSS, get a better response

time.

6 MultiBand PSS [18]

MB-PSS is better than generic PSS and able

to stabilize the grid system in which may

damp the disturbances.

The MB-PSS signal can modulate the set

point of the generator voltage regulator so as

to improve damping of the system.

The MB-PSS can work on both local area and

inter-area of electromechanical oscillations.




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7 Dual input PSS compare

to single input PSS [22]

The optimal parameters of dual input

conventional pss, PSS3B is obtained using

pole placement and genetic algorithm

technique and are simulated to analyse the

dynamic response in both the cases.

The technique of computing parameters

becomes complex with the increase in number

of machines in case of pole placement

technique where as the technique of Genetic

Algorithm can be used to compute optimal

parameters of PSS for wide range of

operating conditions in power system and

also can be implemented for multi-machine

system. The settling time of the PSS is less in

case of Genetic Algorithm technique when

compared to Pole Placement Technique.

8

PSS + TCSC (Thyristor

Controlled Series

Compensation )

[21]

In this study, a coordination design of TCSC

and PSS stabilizers is proposed. The tuning

parameters of the proposed stabilizer were

optimized using PSO. The proposed stabilizer

have been applied and tested on a weakly

connected multi machine power system under

severe disturbance. The eigenvalues analysis

and the nonlinear time domain simulation

results show the effectiveness of the proposed

stabilizer and its ability to provide good

damping of low frequency oscillation and

improve greatly the system voltage profile.

9

PID+PSS+TCDB

(Proportional integral

derivative+ Pss +

Thyristor Controlled

Dynamic Brake) [9]

It can be concluded the PID controller in

combination with other controller is effective

in the improvement of settling time and ISE.

The minimum settling time of 1.395 has been

observed for TCDB. The minimum ISE of

0.1425 has been rendered by PSS-TCDB

controller. The TCDB acts only in the

acceleration period results in more ISE as

compared to PSS with acts in acceleration and

retardation period. The controller has been

tuned for minimum Integral of Squared Error

(ISE) in generator load angle.




75

10 FLPSS [19]

Shown in figure 24 comparison is made

between Fuzzy logic based Power System

Stabilizer and Convention Power System

Stabilizer in terms of Rotor angle v/s Time.

From the result it can be conclude that the

FLPSS can damp oscillation fast as compare

to convention PSS and within 11 second it’s

make signal completely stable, on the other

side PSS take more time to stable the rotor

angle of the generator in case of 3 phase to

ground fault in the system.

11 PSS+UPFC [25]

PSS can be provided with three input signals,

out of which power is given as an input to

PSS in the power system considered in the

simulation section. Along with operating

principle of UPFC, its steady state model is

also derived which conveys the power flow

control range of UPFC.

A power system model is considered which is

connected in loop configuration, consist of

five buses interconnected through

transmission lines (L1, L2, L3) and three

phase fault is applied on line L1. The output

waveforms indicate that damping time of

voltage and power variations is considerably

reduced by the introduction of UPFC and PSS

into the power system.

12

Fuzzy Logic Power

System Stabilizer and

Static VAR Compensator

[5]

The FLPSS is compared with CPSS, with and

without presence of SVC. Simulation results

indicate that using of FLPSS and SVC

together, may improve transient stability of

the power system much more in contrast to

CPSS and SVC, and also indicate that SVC

has a serious effect on transient stability and

voltage control. It can be observed, from Fig.,

that in the case of “no SVC”, the power

system quickly lose its stability after three-

phase fault clearing.




76

13

PSS with Fuzzy-PI based

TCSC

Controller[10]

PSS with Hybrid Fuzzy-PI based TCSC

Controller turning is proposed for damping

power system oscillations and the

effectiveness of the proposed control system

is compared with Conventional PI based

TCSC Controller and Lead-Lag (LL) based

TCSC Controller. To evaluate the usefulness

of the proposed Fuzzy-PI controller, it

performed the computer simulation for single-

machine infinite bus system. Simulation

result shows that Fuzzy-PI controller has a

better control performance than PI and LL

controllers in terms of settling time and

damping effect when the three-phase fault

occurs under different loading conditions

14

Power system stabilizer

(PSS) and Shunt

capacitor [27]

In this paper modeling and transient stability

analysis of the IEEE 9 BUS multi machine

system using the electrical Transient analyzer

program (ETAP) software has been done to

observe the effect of power system stabilizer

(PSS) and shunt capacitor. A three phase fault

has been created at Bus 7, to analyze the

effect of fault and by using the PSS and shunt

capacitor to the transient stability

improvement has been observed. Transient

stability improvement has been tested to three

phase fault at bus 7 after 0.1 second and fault

has been cleared after 0.3 seconds by use of

PSS and shunt capacitor method for the test

system the oscillation for generator electrical

power has been reduced and steady state

power transfer has been enhanced.

IV. LITERATURE REVIEW

Michel J. Basler, IEEE Task Force on Power System

Stabilizers and Prabha Kundur, provides classification of

power system stability and fundamentals of the PSS and

its effectiveness applied to improve the stability.

X. Lei, explained tuning procedure for conventional PSSs

in a multi-machine power system based on the non-linear

optimization algorithm.

Apoorv H Prajapati, Gowrishankar Kasilingam, Radhey

Krishna Gopal Ehsan,Afzalan, P. PAVAN KUMAR and

Moudud Ahmed explained different types of

design(optimization) methods of power system stabilizers

and also the concept of power system stability

importance. However, swarm intelligence technique and

the Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS)

design technique are better compare to the other design

techniques proved to be able to overcome the limitations

by other methods.

K madhuri and Ritesh Ukandrao Chirde studied the

interaction between the PSS and UPFC controllers. They

found damping time of voltage and power variations is

considerably reduced by the introduction of UPFC and

PSS into the power system.

Seyed Reza Moasheri and Dilip Parmar studied

comparison between Fuzzy logic based Power System

Stabilizer and Convention Power System Stabilize. Seyed

Reza Moasheri combined FLPSS and SVC together and

saw fast improvement in transient stability.

Rajendraprasad Narne proposed that Fuzzy-PID controller

for better damping effect. Ali Darvish FALEHI and

Radhey Krishna Gopal gives the combination of 2 lead-

lag and PID structures as supplementary damping

controllers for the SVC and CPSS to enhance the stability

of the power system.

Lin Xu, Gaber Shabib, Chérif N, Jeremias Leda and

Seung-Mook Baek are made a comparative study between

conventional PSS and multiband PSS. Multiband PSS




77

offers an additional advantage since it produces a signal

stabilizing not only from the variation of the angular

velocity of the rotor as well as electrical power. Lin Xu

combined SVC and multi-band PSS and explained nicely

to enhance global electromechanical stability.

Divya Prakash and Abhijit N Morab are obtained better

response in terms of power swing on implementation of

PSS. Khoshnaw Khalid Hama Saleh compared PSS and

SVC. He observed that SVC improves damping

oscillation and enhance transient stability better than PSS.

D. Sabapathia and Dr. R. Anitab, studied and suggested

that the combination of AVR, Governor and PSS

maintains synchronism during all kinds of faults

Neha Maithil, she done Comparative study of PSS and

combination of PSS and TCSC controller. Due to effect of

TCSC, she obtained improvement in transient

performance of SMIB under symmetrical three phase

fault. TCSC is most important and best known series

controllers which has been employed for many years to

enhance power transfer capability of line as well enhance

the system stability.

Balwinder Singh Surjan, In this paper a comparison of

PID, PSS, TCDB controllers is presented through small

signal stability of power system comprising of one

machine connected to infinite bus and modeled through

six K-constants. The power system components such as

synchronous machine, exciter, power system stabilizer,

PID, TCDB are also modeled after linearization of

governing equations.

Rampreet Manjhi, in his paper he combined power system

stabilizer (PSS) and shunt capacitor for transient stability

improvement. He found that oscillation for generator

electrical power has been reduced and steady state power

transfer has been enhanced.

S. I. Barde, In his research he compared D-FACTS

technology with FACTS technology. He found that D-

FACTS technology provides more reliable approach to

enhance power transfer capabilities and transient stability

of power system than FACTS technology. He used DSSC

with fuzzy logic controller along with PSS as

supplementary controller.

V. CONCLUSION BASED ON SURVEY

If we write the conclusion on above survey, it will be

divided in four parts. First part is on fundamentals of PSS

and its effectiveness applied to improve the stability,

second part is on various design methods of PSS, third

part is on combination of various facts devices with

various types of PSS and fourth part is on D-Fact

technology with PSS. In the second part, Swarm

intelligent technique and ANFIS design technique are

better. PID control and Genetic algorithm methods may

come on second position for design of PSS. In third part

authors are used combinations for improvement of

transient stability and these are PSS+UPFC,

FLPSS+SVC, Lead-lag-PID to SVC+CPSS,

MBPSS+SVC, PSS+TCSC, PSS+shunt capacitor. In

fourth part used DSSC with fuzzy logic controller along

with PSS. All above combinations are used for

improvement in transient stability and power transfer

capabilities. The combined FLPSS +SVC or PSS+TCSC

or MBPSS+SVC or MBPSS+STATCOM together gives

fast improvement in T.S. PSS & UPFC reduced damping

time of voltage and power variations. T.S. also improved

by DSSC with fuzzy logic controller along with PSS.

PSS+shunt capacitor reduces the oscillations of generator.

.MB-PSS is better than generic PSS and able to stabilize

the grid system in which may damp the disturbances. The

MB-PSS signal can modulate the set point of the

generator voltage regulator so as to improve damping of

the system. The MB-PSS can work on both local area and

inter-area of electromechanical oscillations. Hence, for

the practical power system, the coordinated control of the

SVC and multi-band PSS provides usefull mean to

enhance global electromechanical stability. From above

combination, FLPSS +SVC & MBPSS+SVC are the best

combination for T.S. improvement. But, still we can find

the gap and we can use the other combinations like

FLPSS+UPFC instead of generic PSS+UPFC or MBPSS

and shunt capacitor or MBPSS and UPFC or DFACT

technology with PSS with Swarm intelligent technique.

VI. REFERENCES

[1] X. Lei, “Global tuning of power-system stabilizers

in multi-machine systems” Electric Power Systems

Research 58 (2001) 103–110.

[2] IEEE Task Force on Power System Stabilizers,

“Overview of Power System Stability Concepts”

02003 IEEE.

[3] Prabha Kundur, “Definition and Classification of

Power System Stability” IEEE Transactions On

Power Systems © 2004 IEEE.

[4] Michael J. Basler, “Understanding Power-System

Stability” IEEE Transactions on Industry

Applications, Vol. 44, No. 2, March/April 2008.

[5] Seyed Reza Moasheri, “Using Fuzzy Logic Power

System Stabilizer and Static VAR Compensator to

Improve Power System Transient Stability”

Conference Paper · January 2010 ResearchGate.




78

[6] K Madhuri, “Modeling and Analysis of Power flow

controller in the presence of Power system stabilizer

for a Multi-machine system” International Journal of

Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) Vol. 1

Issue 6, August - 2012 ISSN: 2278-0181.

[7] Ali Darvish Falehi, “Optimization and coordination

of SVC-based supplementary controllers and PSSs

to improve power system stability using a genetic

algorithm” Turk J Elec Eng & Comp Sci, Vol.20,

No.5, 2012.

[8] Gaber Shabib, “Coordinated Design of a Mb-Pss and

Statcom Controller to Enhance Power System

Stability” International Journal of Electrical

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review of transient stability enhancement in multi-machine ...system stability are either in terms...

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