REVIEW OF FUTURE TENSES (BUDUĆA VREMENA – PONAVLJANJE)

PRESENT CONTINUOUSGOING TOFUTURE SIMPLEFUTURE CONTINUOUSFUTURE PERFECT

Introduction to the Future We know about things in the present and in the

past because they are already real. But talking about the

future is more of a problem. There is no single form in English that we can always use for the future. There are many different ways of talking about the future, depending on how we see a future event. It may be something that is fairly sure to happen, but on the other hand it may be just a plan or an intention, or it may be something that you think will happen but you can't be sure about. (From Oxford Practice Grammar)

Verb forms used for the future

• Be going to > 24 I'm going to spend six weeks in the US. (an intention)

• Will > 23 A I'll be free for most of the summer, (neutral future)

• Present continuous > 26A I'm starting work in September, (an arrangement)

• Present simple > 26B She finishes college at the same time, (a timetable)

• Will be doing > 28 I'll be leaving in June, (in the course of events)

• Very often there is more than one possible form that could be used.

• She'll finish college in June. She finishes college in June.

• She's finishing college in June. She'll be finishing college in June.

WAYS OF TALKING ABOUT THE FUTURE (NAČINI IZRAŽAVANJA BUDUĆEG VREMENA)•Present tenses (I do / I am doing)•Going to•Will/shall (Future Simple)•Future Continuous•Future Perfect

Present Tenses for the Future(Sadašnja vremena sa značenjem budućeg)

•Oba sadašnja vremena (Present Simple i Present Continuous) mogu imati značenje budućeg:This is Ben’s diary for next week:

•He is playing tennis on Monday afternoon.•He is going to the dentist on Tuesday

morning.•He is having dinner with Kate on Friday.•Ovde je P.C. upotrebljen sa značenjem

unapred dogovorene aktivnosti u budućnosti.

P.Continuous with a future meaning•I’m doing something (tomorrow) = I have

already decided and arranged to do this.• I’m not working tomorrow, so we can go

out somewhere.• Ian isn’t playing football next Saturday.

He’s hurt his leg.•U srpskom jeziku prezent se takođe može

upotrebiti na ovaj način:•Sutra ne radim, u utorak idem kod

zubara, itd.

P.Simple with a future meaning

•Kada govorimo o utvrđenom rasporedu, programu, redu vožnje, itd. dakle o planu koji je napravio neko drugi, koristimo Present Simple:

•My train leaves at 11.30, so I need to be at the station by 11.15.

•What time does the film begin this evening?

•Tomorrow is Wednesday.

Uporedi:

•Present Continuous: za lične planove i dogovore

•What time are you arriving tomorrow?

• I’m going to the cinema this evening.

•Present Simple: za raspored, program, red vožnje

•What time does the train arrive tomorrow?

•The film begins at 9 this evening.

• Say if the second sentence is about the present or the future. Look at the phrases of time such as at the moment and on Friday.

• ► I'm busy. I'm cooking a meal at the moment. present• 1 I'm nervous. I'm cooking for ten people on Friday.• 2 I don't want to go out. I might watch a video later.• 3 There's football on TV tonight. I might watch it.• 4 We're off at last. We arrive in New York at seven.• 5 This train is never on time. We always arrive late.

Going to (do)

•I am going to do something = I have already decided to do it, I intend to do it.

•A: Are you going to watch the late film on TV tonight?

•B: No, I’m going to have an early night.• I’m just going to make a quick phone call.

Can you wait for me?•This cheese looks horrible. I’m not going

to eat it.

•1. Going to označava unapred donetu odluku, nameru da se nešto učini u budućnosti.

•NE prevodi se kao “idem”, već kao buduće vreme:

• I’m going to watch the film = Gledaću film, ili Hoću da gledam film, koje izražava nameru.

I am doing and I am going to doPresent Continuous Going to

Koristimo kao buduće vreme kad govorimo o nekom dogovoru, planu:

What time are you meeting Anne this evening? (to je dogovoreno)

I’m leaving tomorrow. I’ve got my plane ticket. (isplanirano)

Koristimo kao buduće vreme kad govorimo o nekoj odluci, nameri:

“Your shoes are dirty.” “Yes, I know. I’m going to clean them.” (to je namera)

I’ve decided not to stay here any longer. Tomorrow I’m going to look for somewhere else to stay. (odluka)

•Često je razlika između ova dva načina izražavanja budućnosti vrlo mala, pa su moguće obe varijante (zavisi od konteksta, tj. da li želimo da izrazimo postojanje plana ili namere):

•I’m leaving tomorrow.•I’m going to leave tomorrow.

“Something is going to happen”•2. Going to takođe koristimo kada na

osnovu situacije u sadašnjosti tvrdimo da će se nešto dogoditi u budućnosti:

•The man can’t see the wall in front of him. He’s going to walk into the wall.

•Look at those black clouds! It’s going to rain.

• I feel terrible. I think I’m going to be sick.

“I was going to...”•I was going to (do something) = I

intended to do it, but didn’t do it•Može se koristiti i u prošlom vremenu da

označi nešto što smo nameravali, ali na kraju nismo uradili:

•We were going to travel by train, but then we decided to go by car instead.

• Ili nešto što smo mislili da će se dogoditi, ali nije:

• I thought it was going to rain, but it didn’t.

WILL / SHALL 1Potvrdni oblik Upitni oblik Odrični oblik

I shall/will go Shall/will I go? I shall not (shan’t)/ will not (won’t) go

You will go Will you go? You won’t go

He/she/it will go Will he/she/it go? He/she/it won’t go

We shall/will go Shall/will we go? We shan’t/won’t go

They will go Will they go? They won’t go

WILL / SHALL 1Will/shall + infinitiv glavnog glagola naziva se

Future Simple Tense (obično buduće vreme)Shall se po pravilu koristi samo u prvom licu

jednine i množine. Međutim, u govornom jeziku i shall i will skraćuju se samo na ‘ll:

I shall go = I’ll goHe will go = He’ll goZbog toga se shall malo koristi, obično u

pisanom ili formalnom jeziku.Shall + not = shan’tWill + not = won’t

Upotreba•1. za odluku donetu u trenutku govora:•Oh, I’ve left the door open. I’ll go and shut it.•“What would you like to drink?” “I’ll have an

orange juice, please.”•“Did you phone Lucy?” “Oh, no, I forgot. I’ll

phone her now.”•Često se koristi sa I think /I don’t think:• I feel a bit hungry. I think I’ll have

something to eat.• I don’t think I’ll go out tonight. I’m a bit

tired.

•Za nešto što je već isplanirano ili odlučeno NE koristimo will, već Present C. ili going to:

• I’m leaving for Spain next Saturday. (ne I’ll leave)

•He has decided he’s going to look for another flat tomorrow. (ne He’ll look).

2. Will se koristi u sledećim situacijama: Offering to do something (Ponuditi se da se

nešto uradi) That bag looks heavy. I’ll help you with it. Agreeing to do something (Složiti se) A: Can you give Tim this book? B: Sure, I’ll give it to him when I see him this

afternoon. Promising to do something (Obećati nešto) I won’t tell anyone what happened, I promise. Asking somebody to do something (Zamoliti

nekog nešto) Will you please turn the music down?

•Won’t ima značenje “neće”:• I’ve tried to give her advice, but she won’t

listen.•Shall I...?•Shall se koristi u pitanjima shall I...?/shall

we...? •Shall I open the window?•Where shall we go this evening?

Will / shall 2

Obično buduće vreme (Future Simple) koristi se za odluke donete u trenutku govora, obećanja, ponude, molbe, itd.

‘What would you like to drink?’ ‘I’ll have an orange juice, please.’

I won’t tell anyone what happened, I promise.

Will you please turn the music down? That bag looks heavy. I’ll help you with it.

Will/shall se NE koristi za aktivnosti koje su unapred dogovorene ili odluke koje su ranije donete:

Diana is working next week. (NE Diana will work) = Present Continuous sa značenjem buduće radnje koja je unapred isplanirana.

Are you going to watch television this evening? (NE Will you watch) = ‘Going to’ sa značenjem buduće namere ili odluke.

• Read the conversations. Which replies are statements about the future and which are instant decisions?

• ► What would you like? ~ I'll have an orange juice, please. decision

• 1 Shall we go out tonight? ~ I'll be too tired, I think.• 2 We've lost a tennis ball. ~ I'll help you look for it.• 3 I'm worried about the exam. ~ Oh, you'll be all right.• 4 I haven't got any transport. ~ Oh, we'll give you a

lift.• 5 I must fix this shelf some time. ~ We'll be dead

before then.

Predicting the future (predviđanje budućnosti)

Još jedna upotrena will/shall. Često govorimo o budućnosti, a da ne mislimo ni na unapred donetu odluku, nameru ili plan. Zapravo samo pretpostavljamo šta će se desiti, odnosno saopštavamo šta mislimo ili znamo da će se desiti. Na neki način predviđamo budućnost.

(Kate is doing an exam next week. Chris and Joe are talking about it.) C: ‘Do you think Kate will pass the exam?’ J: ‘Yes, she’ll pass easily.’

Will (‘ll) se koristi uz fraze: Probably ‘I’ll probably be home late

tonight.’ I expect ‘ I haven’t seen Carol today.

I expect she’ll phone this evening.’

(I’m) sure ‘Don’t worry about the exam. I’m sure you’ll pass.’

Think ‘Do you think Sarah will like the present we bought her?’

Don’t think ‘I don’t think the exam will be very difficult.’

I wonder ‘I wonder what will happen.’

• Decisions and intentions• Yes, it'll• WILL• We use will for an instant

decision or agreement• There's a postbox over there. I'll

post these letters.• You still haven't put those

shelves up, Trevor. ~• OK, I'll do it tomorrow.• Trevor is deciding now.

• C Predictions• WILL• We can use will for a prediction

about the future.• I think United will win the game. • One day people will travel to

Mars.

• BE GOING TO• Be going to means that we have

already decided to do something.

• I'm going out. I'm going to post these letters.

• You still haven't put those shelves up, Trevor. ~ I

• know. I'm going to do it tomorrow.• Trevor has already decided.

• BE GOING TO• We use be going to for a

prediction when we see from the present situation what is going to

• happen in the future.• There isn't a cloud in the sky. lt's

going to be a• lovely day.• This bag isn't very strong. It's

going to break

• Complete the conversations. Put in will or be going to with the verbs.• ? Vicky: Have you got a ticket for the play?• Daniel: Yes, I'm going to see (see) it on Thursday.• ? Harriet: The alarm's going. It's making an awful noise.• Mike: OK, I'll switch (switch) it off.• 1 Daniel: Did you buy this book?• Matthew: No, Emma did. She……………………………………… (read) it

on holiday.• 2 Laura: Would you like tea or coffee?• Sarah: Oh, I…………...........................................(have) coffee, please.• 3 Trevor: I'm going to miss a good film on TV because I'll be out

tonight.• Laura: I........................................................... (video) it for you, if you

like.• 4 Rachel: I'm just going out to get a paper.• Emma: What newspaper..............................................………. (you /

buy)?

Will be doing and will have done

People are standing in a queue to get into the cinema.

Half an hour from now, the cinema will be full. Everyone will be watching the film.

Three hours from now, the cinema will be empty. The film will have finished. Everybody will have gone home.

(Ljudi čekaju u redu kako bi ušli u bioskop. Za pola sata bioskop će biti pun. Svi će gledati film. Za tri sata bioskop će biti prazan. Film će biti završen. Svi će otići svojim kućama.)

Future Continuous (will be doing)

I will be doing something = I will be in the middle of doing it.

Gradi se od will + be + v+-ing Ovo vreme koristimo da bismo iskazali

aktivnost koja će biti u toku u nekom budućem periodu:

This time next week I’ll be on holiday. I’ll be lying on the beach and swimming in the sea.

Tomorrow afternoon we’re going to play tennis from 3 o’clock until 4.30. So at 4 o’clock, we’ll be playing tennis.

I think I’ll still be writing my seminar paper at 11 o’clock tonight.

• Uporedi will be doing i druga continuous vremena:

• At 10 o’clock yesterday, Sally was in her office. She was working. (past)

• It’s 10 o’clock now. She is in her office. She is working. (present)

• At 10 o’clock tomorrow, she will be in her office. She will be working.(future)

• Sva ova vremena opisuju radnju koja je bila, ili jeste ili će biti u toku u prošlosti, sadašnjosti ili budućnosti.

•Will be doing se takođe koristi za završenu radnju u budućnosti:

•The government will be making a statement about the crisis later today.

•Later in the program, we’ll be talking to the Minister of Education...

•Our best player is injured and won’t be playing on Saturday.

•U ovom smislu značenje je slično going to (plan, namera)

• Complete the conversation. Put in a pronoun and the future continuous form of the verb.

• Daniel: I'm going to go into business when I leave college. Five years from now (►) I'll be running (I / run) a big company. I expect (1)…………………………….. (I / earn) lots of money.

• Vicky: I don't know what (2)……………………………… (I / do). What about you, Natasha? What (3) ............................................ (you / do), do you think?

• Natasha: I'm too lazy to do any work. I intend to marry someone very rich.

(4)………………………………. (I / give) dinner parties all the time. We'll have a cook (5)………………….. ........... (who / do) all the work, of course. And you'll both get invitations.

• Vicky: You're joking, aren't you, Natasha? I expect (6)………………………………..(you / play) in an orchestra. That's what you really want to do, isn't it?

Future perfect (will have done)

•Three hours from now, the film will have finished = The film will already be over before that time.

•Gradi se od will + have + past participle

•Sally always leaves for work at 8.30 in the morning. She won’t be at home at 9 o’clock – she’ll have gone to work.

•We’re late. The film will already have started by the time we get to the cinema.

Uporedi will have done i druga perfektivna vremena:

Ted and Amy have been married for 24 years. (present perfect)

Next year they will have been married for 25 years. (future perfect)

When their son was born, they had been married for 3 years. (past perfect)

• We use will have + a past participle (the future perfect) for something that will be over in the future.

• I like looking at these pictures, but I'll have had enough by lunch-time.

• Trevor and Laura will have lived here for four years next April.

• This chess game is going to last ages. They won't have finished it until midnight.

• Will you have read this book by the time it's due back to the library? ~ Yes. I'll have finished it by then.

• We often use the future perfect with expressions of time such as by lunch-time, until midnight, before then,

by the time you have to take it back.