review for midterm 2mboyle/cogs1/pdf-lecture... · behaviorism can only study the observable...
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Midterm 2Review for
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Mary ET Boyle, Ph.D.Department of Cognitive Science
UCSD
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A midterm on only 4
lectures…WOOHOO!
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Hmm, why study
profanity??It can tell us about --- us!
Brain organizationLanguageCulture
Relationship with other animals
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behaviorism can only study the observable aspects
of thinking
I don’t care about mental processes
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Behavior occurs through conditioning.
Reward and punishment.
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Mental processes!
What aboutCognitivism?
Gestalt psychologyPeople process information like computers!
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https://www.chegg.com/homework-help/definitions/cognitivism-13
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The Black box of the mind should be opened in order to understand how people learn.
The learner is viewed as the information processor –like a computer Learning is a change in mental representations!!!
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George Miller
working memory has an upper bound we can store up to 7(+/-2) “chunks
It is my law! Miller’s Law
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Noam Chomsky
Hey Skinner, you can’t explain
language learning using
behaviorist theory!
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Allen Newell
I modeled cognition asexplicit rule manipulation. I wrote computer programs to mimic the problem skills
of a human! Artificial Intelligence!
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Brain in a “vat” experiment!
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Traditional Cognitive Theories Distributed Cognition
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The mind is built “outside in”, that is,we begin with the
social and material organization of
cognitive activity, and then see how that is
reflected in our cognition
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Distributed Cognition,
HuH?
• It is the interaction between elements –brain – body and environment!
• It emerges out of the interactions between the elements.
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Post Cognitivism dudes…
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Thinking is not just in the
mind!!embodiment
Thinking = models of simulations through active perception, projection
and manipulation.
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Our behavior comes from more than just
the brain!
Situated cognition?
We use our body movements to solve
problems.
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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2014.10.008
Run in the same curved path that the ball is going in…
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Moving and using your body is the key to solving the outfielder problem.
It is the mix of the outfielder’s motion + the ball’s motion that helps to predict where the ball will fall.
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G. Strube, in International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, 2001
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Mind extension
tools!
What is cognitive
offloading?
Cognitive demand means
we can do more!
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So the internet is not making me dumber? Whoo Hooo!
The internet is my extended
mind!Hmmm.
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Recall, Otto and his notebook.
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Language learning is difficult.
What is so special about
language development?
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Wait, WHAT?
5things?
1. Speech sounds
2. Finding word boundaries
3.Mapping meaning to the words
4. Syntax/grammar
5.Language in a social context
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× sequential
× overlapping
Does not really consider speech perception, mostly
just speech production!
Does account for speech perception – starting from birth (before?) – learning a
little of this all at once!
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× Producing language
× Perception
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Stay working hard …
Spring Break is almost here!
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× 11:00am ñ 12:20pm× Sleep well and study hard.× You got this!