review 8000bce - 1914. russia czar nicholas ii worker revolt throughout the empire
TRANSCRIPT
Review 8000BCE - 1914
Russia Czar Nicholas II Worker revolt throughout the empire
Displayed British superiority in E. Asia Constructed by a private company All iron gun boat
Trade imbalance established Result of the first Opium War Agreement that opened ports to the
Opium trade and gave Hong Kong to Britain
South Africa Fought against the Boers Shaka led this society
United States victorious White Man’s Burden Explosion on the USS Maine Cuba freed and US takes the Philippines Teddy Roosevelt is the hero
West Africa British idea Place for recaptives
Japan Mid-19th Century Commodore Matthew Perry Plan to industrialize and modernize
Urbanization Assembly line production Spread by railways British the first
Vast Multicultural and multilingual Limited transportation Limited warm water ports serfdom Slow to modernize Lack of modern weaponry
Plan of industrialized nations Expansion Colonization Ex. Scramble for Africa
Black Sea Russia started it Sick man of Europe in trouble French and British to the rescue Russia loses… lack rail lines and modern
military
New World British Colonies Enlightenment ideas French and Indian War (7 Years War) No taxation without representation! Liberty! Ended in 1783
France Changes Egypt and South Africa and
inspires revolution in Latin America 1799-1815 Emperor
European Caused labor shortage in New World Blisters on the skin Paved the way for Cortes and Pizarro
China Qing Called for the Boxer Rebellion
British in India Rule over India
Up and coming superpower of the 19th C Threw Europe out of Balance Otto Von Bismarck 1871
Cotton British protectionism S. Asian disunity Mechanization of British Labor S. Asians return to agriculture
Gain and control colonies Control of a commodity Silver or gold primarily Hoarding to prepare for conflict
South Africa After the Napoleonic wars Escape British Rule Boers traveling north
Men as hunters Men as traders and warriors Men as head of family Societal Structure
Yellow Indus Nile Where we find the earliest agricultural
societies
Sumer Babylonians In present day Iraq “between the rivers”
Fertile crescent goats Typically nomadic Horse peoples on the Asian steppe
Sumer Sparta Maya Political structure: independent cities that
had their own legal and social structure
Minoans Hittites Shang Ancient Egypt Age that predated the Iron Age
Ancient King of the Akkadians Law codes based on class
Carthage Sea People Alphabet
Connected Egypt to interior of Africa Ruled Egypt in 9th C… the “Black Pharaohs
of Egypt” Lived south of Egypt and had key cities
such as Meroe People of the bow
Inhabited the Aegean Bronze Age civ Flush toilets Probably ruled over the Mycenaean's
from their capitol of Knossos on Crete
Spread of ideas Spread of diseases Spread of… well, everything Ex: Bantu language and culture spread
from W. Africa to all reaches of sub-Saharan Africa
Assyrians First to initiate were the Hittites An age that first started with the
Mycenaens Democratized metallurgy… but an age
Macedonian Father was Phillip II Educated by Aristotle Conquered Persia, but died and opened the
door for the Maurya Empire (Chandragupta Maurya may have met him)
Hellenized Persia Started the Greek Hellenistic Age
Greek colonization of Persia and the Mediterranean
Ex: Rome adopts Greek mythology Ex: Greek influences in the Middle East “Like Greece”
Before 600CE Empires with strong militaries and
centralized governments All defeated by peoples from the Asian
Steppe Han, Rome, Maurya and Gupta
Kingdom, Republic, Empire Italy City-state that grows to conquer most of
Western Europe and the Mediterranean Split in two Defeated by barbarians
Network on the Roman Lake Carthage and Rome attempt to control it Key reason for the spread of the Black
Death to Europe Ottoman’s and Venetians vie for control Battle of Lepanto was largely due to this
network
Rome vs Phoenicians… Phoenician Carthage, that is 2nd one found Romans running from
Hannibal and his elephants Third war Rome devastated Carthage
Adopted heir of Julius Caesar Octavian First emperor of Rome More stringent laws and focus on family
values Ushers in the Pax Romana
Ushered in by Augustus Roman Peace Empire had expanded enough to create
buffer states that provided security for citizens and merchants
Greek city-state Socrates, Plato, Aristotle Early democracy Defeated the Persians at Marathon Eventually Persians burn this city to the
ground… but then rebuild it.
Persian vs. Greek Athenian victory Angers Persia Darius, then Xerxes forms a Massive army
in an attempt to defeat the Greeks
Founder may have met Alexander Power Vacuum left by Alexander may
have led to the rise of the Maurya
First peoples to settle Europe Settled a land called Gual Eventually will make their way North to
Ireland
Continuation of norms in China From Shang to Zhou to Qin to Han to Sui
to Tang to Song… Probably the main reason that the fall of
Western Europe was so much worse on the region than the fall of the Han in China
Round and round she goes…
Dynasty constantly at war Spring and Autumn period (don’t be
fooled, kingdoms were warring) Warring States period (kingdoms banded
together to form states and kept on fighting)
Confucius, Laozi, and Legalism, Oh my!
United China (of course it all falls apart a few more times)
Shi Huangdi (self-proclaimed first emperor of China)
Dynasty that followed Zhou
Strong centralized government Bureaucrats placed in high positions Strong military to defend their northern
frontiers Founded by Liu Bang Dynasty that followed the Qin Pressure from Xiongnu (called Huns by
some) led to their downfall
Indo-Europeans made their way into northern India and started this period
Time of the Vedas (Rig Veda) Sanskrit developed from combining Aryan
and Dravidian languages Beginning of Hinduism and birth of the
Caste system
India Reinforced by Hinduism… especially
reincarnation Rejected by Buddhism Class system
Earlier known as Byzantium City on the Bosporus First Roman Christian City Justinian had the Hagia Sophia (Church of
Holy Wisdom) Taken by the Ottomans and renamed
Istanbul Founded by Constantine
Jew forced to leave (Northern Kingdom, Israel, destroyed by Assyrians in 722BCE, Southern Kingdom, Judah, destroyed by Babylonians in 586BCE).
Merchants travel abroad to make their fortunes in the Indian Ocean
Africans brought to the New World and to areas of the Middle East
Means dispersion
Split in Christianity East vs. West Question that caused the split: Who
should be head of the church? Eastern Orthodox vs. Roman Catholic
Looks Greek Starts in Constantinople Emperor is political and religious head Kiev takes on this form of Christianity,
which will continue East into Russia
Classical Empire India Theater State Defeated by White Huns
From the Asian Steppe Pastoral nomads Pushed German tribes into Europe Attila
During and after the fall of Rome People groups entering Europe at the end
of the Classical Age Changed the culture and structure of
Europe: from Latin to German
Americas (Mesoamerica) Mother Culture Big Heads Were-jaguars and sacrifices
Belief system in China The Way Harmony between humanity and nature Founded by Laozi
Roman Citizen Spread Christianity Successfully set up churches in
cosmopolitan Rome
Another response to the constant fighting during the Zhou
Ideas embraced by the Qin Men need strict laws and strict leaders to
function well in society
Belief system with origin in the Middle East
Dualism Covenant between Hebrew people and
God Abraham is the patriarch
China Response to Warring States Period Social Harmony Created strict social hierarchy Examination system was based on these
ideals
India Polytheism Aryan origins Based on a mix of Aryan and Dravidian
beliefs along with the Vedas Spread through India, into Sri Lanka and
to S.E. Asia
Indian Origin Response to Caste System and
reincarnation Rejected by India Spread along the silk routes to SE Asia
and E. Asia Rejected by the Tang Dynasty Founder: Siddhartha Gautama
Middle Eastern Origin During the Roman Empire Paul and others spread this belief system
through the Eastern Mediterranean Branches: Roman Catholicism, Eastern
Orthodox and later Protestantism
Middle Eastern Origin Arabian Peninsula Mecca Founder: Muhammad Spread through Anatolia, N. Africa and
Spain in the 7th and 8th Centuries Spreads across the Indian Ocean Acheh Sultanate
Eastern Mediterranean Eastern Roman Empire Justinian and Theodora Defeated the Muslims in 717 Influenced Kiev, then Russia Fell in 1453 to Mehmet II (the Conqueror)
Eastern Roman Emperor Regained N. Africa and Rome Plague ravaged his Empire Wife was a former “dancer” He as a jerk (Nika Riots, caused by heavy
taxation, ended in the slaughter of the rebel leaders)
Trade Network Becomes the most important trade
network in the 8th C. Engines of trade were India and China Trade entrepots found throughout Trade Diasporas Arabic becomes the dominant trade
language
Pastoralists Opened trade from E. to W. Extended the silk routes Allowed for diffusion of goods,
technologies and disease Conquered or controlled most of the
people in Eurasia Established the Yuan Dynasty Defeated by Japan…twice
Social hierarchy Middle Ages Europe 15th C. Japan knights=samurai Pyramid Structure Begins to die in Europe following the
Black Death
Language Trade language East African Coast
Began in China Weaponized by Song Utilized effectively by Mongols Brought to Europe by Mongols European enhancement in this gave them
an upper hand throughout the world Saltpeter, charcoal, sulfur
China Capital Chang’an Tributary states Empress Wu (bodhisattva) Rejection of Buddhism After Sui, before Song
Empire in West Africa Means land of gold Captured by the Arabs Becomes predominantly Muslim
Followed Ghana West Africa Mansu Musa Great trade City: Timbuktu
Mahayana Buddhism Empress Wu of the Tang Buddhists who stay behind to help others
find nirvana
China Great manufacturing capacity Defeated by the Mongols Followed the Tang
Trade city Avoided the pitfalls of other European
cities during the “Dark Ages” Monopolized trade flowing into Europe Chief competitor was the Ottoman
Empire City in Italy (the armpit of Italy)
Dynasty in China Paper money Reunited China (once again) Strengthened the economy Founded by Kublai Mongol Dynasty in China
Created his empire in the Middle East Followed in the shadow of the Mongols Emerged from a “power vacuum” Claimed to be a descendent of Genghis Defeated the Delhi Sultanate Laid the groundwork for the Mughal
Empire Had a bad leg
China Defeated the Mongols Kicked out the Yuan Sent Zheng He to the Indian Ocean on
huge treasure junks Defeated by the Manchu
Mexican people Migrated south to Lake Texcoco Chief god was huitzilopochtli Capital: Tenochtitlan Used chinampas for agriculture Blood sacrifices were a part of life Defeated by Cortes
India Followed the power vacuum left by the
Gupta Brought Islamic rule to India Initially brutal, but later benign Defeated by Timur
After the fall of Rome Trade and power shifts towards the
Middle East and Asia Indian ocean becomes most important
trade network
Rebirth …of Classical Age Muslims …Scholars in Baghdad save
Greco-Roman writings Florence, then North Da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo, the
Medici
Traveler Moroccan Dar al Islam May have made it to the Chinese Court
(but probably not)
Northern Europe Raiders Reached height during the 9th C Settled parts of E. Europe, Normandy in
France and parts of present day UK Located and inhabited Iceland Found the Americas (Newfoundland) Eirik the Red
Diffusion Mongols and Caffa blamed Yersina Pestis It is the rat’s fault! 1/3 of Europe wiped out Gave peasants more power
Mongols Merchants could travel safely Wars on the Asian steppe halted Mongol Peace
Areas of Islam Home of Islam Areas where Ibn Battatu traveled