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Page 1: Reverse osmosis

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Page 2: Reverse osmosis

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Tahapan proses reverse Osmosis

1. Proses pretreament ( Chemical )2. Proses Desalinasi ( Fisika )

Sea Water RO ( Membrane ) Brckis Water RO ( Membrane )

Page 3: Reverse osmosis

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Data Air Laut

Sebagai ppm ion NH4 : 4.48 K : 380 Na : 10250 Mg : 1253 Ca : 510.49 Sr : 7 Ba : 0.01 CO3 : 2.3 HCO3 : 183

NO3 : 4.6 Cl : 18711 F : 0.38 SO4 : 2572 SiO2 : 0.92 CO2 : 9.25 TDS : 33879.2 Ph : 8.3

Page 4: Reverse osmosis

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Pretreatment

1. Untuk mendapatkan kwalitas yang baik

2. Untuk mendapatkan kwantitas yang baik

Page 5: Reverse osmosis

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Kwalitas Yang dikontrol

1. Turbidity.Adalah pengukuran adanya material padatan kecil yang tersuspensi pada air.Satuannya NTU ( Nephelometer Turbidity Unit ).

2. Warna.Indikasi adanya padatan yang berasal dari organik atau ion metal.Dapat diukur dengan alat Spectrometer.( atau secara visual )

Page 6: Reverse osmosis

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Kwantitas yang dikontrol

1. Jumlah Padatan.2. Inorganik.3. Organik.4. SDI.5. PH.6. Suhu.

Page 7: Reverse osmosis

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Jumlah padatan

1. Total SolidTSS adalah banyaknya padatan yang tersuspensi pada air.

TDS adalah banyaknya padatan yang terlarut pada air.

2. Conductivity :Adalah hasil pengukuran konduktivitas air.

Satuannya MikroSiemens / cm

Untuk penunjukkan jumlah Ion yang terlaraut di dalam air.

TDS = 0.66 X Cond

Page 8: Reverse osmosis

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Jumlah Padatan

TDSOrganik : - Humic Acid ( humus yang terdapat

didalam tanah) - Tanin ( seperti tanaman )

Inorganik : - Silika.

TSSOrganik : - Lumut, Jamur, Bakteri.

Inorganik : - Lumpur, Karat, Tanah, Lempung.

Page 9: Reverse osmosis

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Inorganik yang umum 1. Membentuk ion terlarut.

Ion Positif-Ca++ -K+-Mg++ -

NH4+

-Na+ -Fe++

-Mn++

Ion Negatif. -CO3

2-

-HCO3- -OH-

-SO43-

-Cl- -NO3

-

2. Gas-gas terlarut

-CO2-H2S-NH3-O2-Cl2-CH4

Page 10: Reverse osmosis

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Organik yang umum

Tidak membentuk ion dan tidak larut.

Bakteri Tanin Lumut Jamur Minyak

Page 11: Reverse osmosis

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SDI ( Silt Density Index ) Adalah merupakan suatu indikator dari TSS yang berukuran

> 0.45 mikron dengan menggunakan kertas milli pore.

Tujuannya untuk mengetahui indikasi feed water yang menyebabkab / berpotensi menjadi fouling.

SDI = 1 – to / tn X 100 %15

to : waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk menampung air sebanyak 500 ml.

tn : Setelah 15 menit kemudian waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk menampung air sebanyak 500 ml.

Page 12: Reverse osmosis

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Sistem dipersi dibedakan ada 3 1. Dispersi kasar ( suspensi ) Partikel-partikel zat yang terdispersi yang

berukuran > 10 -4 mm.2. Dispersi halus ( koloid )

Partikel-partikel zat yang terdispersi yang berukuran 10 -4 – 10 -6 mm.

3. Larutan SejatiPartikel-partike zat yang terdispersi yang berukuran < 10 -6 mm

Page 13: Reverse osmosis

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ChemicalType Polymer :

1. Nonionik PolyelectroliteHC H

HC C=O NH2

2. Anionik PolyelectroliteHC HHC C=O O-Na+

3. Kationik Polyelectrolite

HC H HC C=O (CH2)n

CH3 N CH3 H+Cl-

Page 14: Reverse osmosis

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Proses Koagulasi

( 0 ) ( 0 ) ( 0 )

Partikel

KoagulanPolymer

~ ~ ~~ ~

~

~

~ ~~

~ ~( 0 )

~~ ~

~~ ~

~~

~~

Partikel terselimutiChemical

Chemical

Page 15: Reverse osmosis

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1. Fouling Suspended Solid, Organik, Coloidal, Metal, Mikro Biologi.

2. Scaling CaCO3, BaSO4, SrSO4, CaSO4, SiO2.

3. Membrane Degradation. Oxidasi ( Membrane PA )

Tujuan Pretreatment

Page 16: Reverse osmosis

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Syarat Feed Water pada RO Membrane

Item Parameter Value

Suspended SDI < 4Solid Turbidity < 1 NTU Iron < 0.005 ppm Mg < 0.5 ppm

Organic TOC 10 – 15 ppm

Disolved LSI < 1Solid Barium < 0.05 ppm Strontium < 0.1 ppm Silica 50-150 ppm

In concentrate

Page 17: Reverse osmosis

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Chemical RO 2

1 Asam Sulfat.Berfungsi untuk mengurangi kandungan CaCO3 sehingga mengubah( convert ) menjadi CO2 dan mengurangi CaCO3 menjadi scal di membrane.

2. Polyelectrolite ( Koagulant )Berfungsi untuk membentuk partikel-partikel koloid yang ukurannya lebih besar sehingga mudah dihilangkan.

3 Anti Scalant.Berfungsi untuk mencegah sisa kandungan karbonat (CaCO3) dan bukan / selain karbonat menjadi scaling di membrane.

4. Feric Chloride.Berfungsi untuk mempercepat, penggabungan, dan memperkuat pembentukan ikatan flok-flok sehingga mudah dihilangkan ( apabila warna, turbidity > 5 NTU ).

Page 18: Reverse osmosis

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Desalinasi

Prinsip dasar Reverse Osmosis Osmosis : Jika larutan encer dan larutan pekat dipisahkan oleh

semipermeabel membrane, air akan melalui dari larutan encer kedalam larutan pekat.

LarutanPekat

Larutan encer

Semipermeabel Membrane

P1 = P2P1 P2

Page 19: Reverse osmosis

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Tekanan Osmosis Aliran Osmosis berkesinambungan sampai suatu saat

keseimbangan akan tercapai sehingga akan terdapat perbedaan level.

LarutanPekat

Larutan encer

TekananOsmosis P1 P2

Semipermeabel Membrane

P1-P2 < ¶

Page 20: Reverse osmosis

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Reverse Osmosis Adalah dimana suatu tekanan lebih besar dari pada

tekanan osmosis digunakan pada larutan pekat maka aliran akan melalui semi permeabel membrane dari larutan yang pekat kedalam larutan yang encer

Larutan pekat

Larutan encer

P1 P2

Semipermeabel membrane

P2-P1 > ¶

Page 21: Reverse osmosis

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Reverse Osmosis Performance

Membrane

Permeate( product )

Concentrate( Reject )

Feed

Page 22: Reverse osmosis

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Reverse Osmosis Performance Berdasarkan Kwantitas.

Recovery = Permeate Flow X 100% Feed water Flow

Berdasarkan Kwalitas.

Recovery = Konsent. Concentrate – Konsent. Feed X 100%Konsent. Concentrate – Konsent.Permeate

Page 23: Reverse osmosis

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Reverse Osmosis Performance

Berdasarkan Kwantitas

Rejection = Flow Rate Konsentrat X 100% Flow Rate Feed

Berdasarkan Kwalitas

Salt Rejection = Konsent Feed – Konsent Permeate X 100% Konsentrasi Feed

Page 24: Reverse osmosis

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Reverse Osmosis Performance

Salt Passage

o Berdasarkan Kwantitas

Salt Passage % = 100 % - Rejection %

atau

o Berdasarkan Kwalitas

Salt Passage % = Concentration Product X 100% Concentration Feed

Page 25: Reverse osmosis

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Monitoring ROREVERSE OSMOSIS UTILITY 2

pHTBD

TBD4

SDI

Cl 1ORP

pH2

FI

TBD 2 TBD3

Cond1

Cond 2

Tb TI

Cl 2

Cond3

FI

PIPI

FI

FI

PI

PI

Cond 5

Cl

Cl 4

Cl 6

PIPH

Cond

M

Coagulant (Filtermate)

FeCl3

H2SO4

CuSO4 + Acid Citrit

11

Antiscalant(Hypersperse)

6 Vessel/ 6 Element

2 Vessel/ 6 Element

PH

A-830

Cond 7

PI

Cl 8

Cl 7

Cl 3

Cond 4

pH 3

Cond 8

Design R/O

Stage :1. Recovery 45%2. Recovery 85%

Kapasitas Design :Feed : 156.9 m3/jamStage 1 : 70.605 m3/jamStage 2 : 60.0143 m3/jam ( end product )

Intake Pump

Static Mixer

Roughing Filter A/B/C/D

Polishing Filter A/B/C/D

Sea Water Pound

Feed Pump

Cartidge Filter

Membrane R/O ( Stage 1 )20 Vessel

1 Vessel = 7 Membrane

Product Water PoundStage 1

Stage 2 :1st array = 6 Vessel1 Vessel = 6 Membrane

2nd array= 2 Vessel1 Vessel = 6 Membrane

BWRO Pump

SWRO Pump

Degasfier

End Product Water Pound

Page 26: Reverse osmosis

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Proses RO

pH = 7.0 - 6.5Cond = 35000-45000Turb = 0.20-0.30 NTUCl- = 17000-18000 ppm

PDI

BWRO Brine

P=0.4 kg/cm2

AIR BLOWERC-800-01 A/B

REGENERATION :1. Drain Down = 18 mnt2. Air Scouring = 5 mnt3. Back Wash = 10 mnt4. Rinse = 5 mnt5. Stand By

FEED PUMpG-800-01 A/B

P=4.2 kg/cm2

BACK WASH PUMP

G-800-05 A/B

P=1.6 kg/cm2

SEA WATERpH = 8.0-8.5Conductivity = 35000-45000 s/cmTurbidity = 1.8-10 NTUCl- = 17000-18000 ppm

CuSO4 + Acid Citrit

0.8-1 ppm

Intake PumpG-800 A/B

P=3.5 kg/cm2

Flowing=150 m3/h

H2SO4 Dosing Pump

Coagulant

FECl3 Dosing Pump

Anti Scalant Dosing Pump

Polishing Filter M-800-02 A/B/C

Cartridge Filter M-800-03-A/B

PDI=H=1.0 kg/cm2

HH=1.5 kg/cm2

SEA WATER :pH = 7.0-6.5Cond = 35000-45000 s/cmTurb = 0.11-0.15 NTUCl- = 17000-18000SDI = < 4.0Ca H = 1000 ppm

Sea Water :pH = 7.0-6.5Conduvt = 35000-45000 s/cmTurbidity = 0.20-0.30 NTU

Sea WaterpH = 7-6.5Cond = 35000-45000 s/cmTurbid = < 4 NTUCl- = 17000-18000 ppm

Static Mixer

Roughing FilterM-800-01 A/B/C

Regeneration1. Drain Down = 3 mnt2. Air Scouring = 5 mnt3. Back Wash = 10 mnt4. Stand By

Dump Line

pH=6.5 - 7.7 Cond= <1500 Cl-= 500ppm

Ca H = 5 ppm

Industrial water

pH = 7.0-8.0Cond = < 50 ms/cmTurb = < 1.0 NTUCl- = < 1.0 ppmFe = < 1.0 ppm

Ca = < 1.0SiO2 =<5ppmSO4

-2 =

Water Pond (A-830)LI-800-03

RemovalDissolved Gases

O2, CO2, CO

BlowerT-800-01

Degasifier

To W

ater

Po

nd P

lant

1

Flow48 m3/h

BWRO Permeate:pH=6-7.5Cond = < 30 s/cmCl- = < 10 ppmCaH = < 2 ppmP = 1 kg/cm2

BWRO Membranes M-800-05

Control Valve CV-202

P=1.5 kg/cm2

P=7-8kg/cm2

To The Intake PumpG-1100 A/B/C

as Seal = 4.8 Ton/Hr

To Demin water Unit

BWRO Concentrate Flow - 8 m3/hCond = 9000 ms/cmCl- = 3700 ppmCaH = 35 ppm

P=11 kg/cm2

Control Valve CV-201

Flow = 56 m3/h

Cleaning Tank LI-800-04

P=4.0 kg/cm2

Control Valve CV-102

Flushing Break Tank Li-800-02 High Pressure

BWRO PumpG-800-03 A/B

P=11.5 kg/cm2

SWRO PermeateFlow = 56-60 m3/hCond = < 1500 s/cmCl- =< 500 ppmCa H = 5.0

SWRO Membranes M-800-04

P=52 kg/cm2

Control Valve CV-102

P=80 kg/cm2

REVERSE OSMOSIS

SEA WATER :pH = 7.0-6.5Cond = 35000-45000 Turb = 0.11-0.20 NTUCl- = 17000-18000Ca H = 1000 ppmSDI = < 4.0

SWRO Concentrate :Cond = 75000s/cmCl- = 35000 ppmFlow = 88-92.5 m3/hCa H = 2000 ppm

To F-800-01

RO Operation Condition on 9 August 2005

Sea Water Basin LI-800-01

Page 27: Reverse osmosis

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Design RO - 2

Feed Stage 1 = 156.9 M3/H Recovery % = 45% Product/Permeate = 70.605 M3/H

Feed Stage 2 = 70.605 M3/H Recovery% = 85% Product/Permeate = 60.0145 M3/H

Page 28: Reverse osmosis

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Trouble Shooting

Problem ProductFlow

SaltPassage

PressureDrop

Location

Scaling Decreased Increased Increased Last Stage

MBFouling

Decreased Normal /Increased

Normal /Increased

Any Stage

ColloidalFouling

Decreased Normal /Increased

Normal /Increased

First Stage

Degeneration Increased Increased Decreased First Stage

Abrasion Increased Increased Decreased First Stage

Page 29: Reverse osmosis

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Performance Membrane

ProductFlowRate

Operating Time

Flow Rate Normal

Flow Rate Abnormal

ChemicalCleaning

Page 30: Reverse osmosis

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Performance MemmbraneTrend Conductivity Of SWRO & BWRO Periode January Up TO December 2004

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

Month

SWRO

Con

duct

ivity

,

s/cm

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

BWRO

Con

duct

ivity

,

s/cm

SWRO Conductivity, us/cm

BWRO Conductivity, ms/cm Change membrane SWROby new Vessel = 9 SAEHAN = 54 ea

Change membrane SWROby new Vessel = 2 SAEHAN = 14 ea

Page 31: Reverse osmosis

Mengidentifikasi Membrane

Melakukan Pengecekan suatu produk/permeate dari per vesel yang terdiri dari banyak membrane.

Melakukan probing/memasukan suatu alat ( tubing ) ke vesel sehingga akan diketahui performen per membrane.

Melakukan autopsi suatu membrane sehingga akan mengetahui bahwa membrane mengalami Fouling, Scaling atau Degradasi (autopsi melalui Technical Service).

Page 32: Reverse osmosis

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Probing Membrane

1 2 3 4Feed

Produk

Membrane : No 1, 2, 3, 4 Interconnection

Penampung

Page 33: Reverse osmosis

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Kapan Membrane Dicleaning

Flow Rate mengalami penurunan ± 10 %dengan tekanan feed tetap.

Perbedaan Tekanan naik ± 10 %dengan tekanan feed tetap.

Apabila ceaning pada membrane tidak berhasil berarti menunjukan secra fisik membrane sudah rusak atau permanen Fouling.

Hasil cleaning rata-rata 15% - 20 %

Page 34: Reverse osmosis

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Perbandingan Membrane CA & PA

Property CA PA Membrane Membrane

Surface Neutral Negative Charge

Pressure 300-600 psi 150-400psi Temperature 35oC 45oC PH 4-6 3-11 Chlorine < 1 ppm 0 ppm Lifetime 3 years 5 years Cost @ 1.5 @

Page 35: Reverse osmosis

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Perbandingan Membrane RO

Item UnitTest Pressure ( Kg / Cm2 )

ROMEMBRA HYDRANAUTIC

RecoverySalt Rejection

Salt PassageFeed Water TempSDIPHFlow RateCond

Chlorite

%%

%oC

--

M3/Hц/Cmppm

4630.47

48

99.43

4631.20

0.57

4823.9125.50

99.52 99.49 99.53

4.12

0.51 0.65313131.231

3.2 3.3 3.92 3.827.1777

4.27297 278.1

3.324 3.412

0.48

94.6 84.2372

88.11412

117.9

Page 36: Reverse osmosis

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Membrane Spesifikasi Contoh :

Manufacturer : Fluid System Type : TFC Construction : Spiral Wound Material : Polyamide Model : TFC 2822 HR

Page 37: Reverse osmosis

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Perbandingan Power dan Produk RO

RATIO POWER CONSUMPTION to PRODUCT FLOW in RO-2

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70

PRODUCT FLOW, M3/H

RATI

O

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

POW

ER L

OAD

, KW

Product Flow Power Consumption

Product RO, M3/H 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65

Ratio     21.05 17.54 15.04 13.16 11.70 10.53 9.57 8.77 8.10

Page 38: Reverse osmosis

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Alat kontrol R/O Unit

Tujuan :

1. Mengurangi Frekwensi Chemical Cleaning pada membrane.

2. Memperpanjang umur ( lifetime) membrane.3. Mengurangi biaya Pergantian membrane.4. Memperpanjang waktu pengopersian

Page 39: Reverse osmosis

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Spiral Wound Element

Animation

Page 40: Reverse osmosis

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Membrane Separation

Page 41: Reverse osmosis

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A

RELATIVESIZE OFCOMMONMATERIAL

MOLECULARWEIGHT

0.001

10

0.01

100

0.1

1000

1.0

10 4

10

10 5

100 1000

10 6 10 7

100 200 5,000 20,000 100,000 500,000

Aqueous salts

Metal ions

Sugars

FILTRATIONTECHNO-LOGY

Pyrogens

Virus

Colloidal silica

Albumin protein

Bacteria

Carbon black Paint pigment

Yeast cells

Milled flour

Beach sand

Pollens

Reverse OsmosisReverse Osmosis

UltrafiltrationUltrafiltration

MicrofiltrationMicrofiltration

ParticleParticle filtrationfiltration

THE FILTRATION SPECTRUMTHE FILTRATION SPECTRUM

Page 42: Reverse osmosis

42Excessive Pressure Drop

Autopsy Examples

Page 43: Reverse osmosis

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Mineral Fouling

Autopsy Examples

Page 44: Reverse osmosis

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Sediment Fouling (Clay)

Autopsy Examples

Page 45: Reverse osmosis

45Oil and Grease

Autopsy Examples

Page 46: Reverse osmosis

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Iron Fouling

Autopsy Examples

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