retirements: a guide to the younger generations

8/2/2019 Retirements: A Guide to the Younger Generations

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R`ter`j`gty< H fped` tm tn` umpgf`r f`g`rhtemgy

Tnmjhy Hqqehn Cpbe Hyhgt`

Pgev`ryetu mo @dpihtemg+ Vegg`bh

Fnhgh

T`k< #29924622085?

@jhek< tmjyhdhjAfjhek'imj

Egtrmdpitemg

Jhgu q`mqk` nhv` deoo`r`gt q`ri`qtemg hbmpt tn` imgi`qt r`ter`j`gt' R`ter`j`gty imj`y etn

hf`' Hfegf ey hyymieht`d etn hg egir`hy`d kec`kenmmd mo jhlmr keo` trhgyetemgy+ ypin hy mgy`t mo

dey`hy` hgd deyhbeketu hgd mo edmnmmd' Eg imgtrhyt tm tn`y` "pgqkhgg`d" inhgf`y+ r`ter`j`gt ey

h jhlmr trhgyetemg tnht ey mot`g imgt`jqkht`d+ hgteieqht`d+ hgd qkhgg`d omr h gpjb`r mo u`hry

bòmr` tn` hitphk `v`gt' R`ter`j`gt ht tn` `gd mo mg`&y ihr``r nhy b``g d`yireb`d hy "h oe~tpr` mo

tn` Hj`reihg ymiehk `tnmy hgd qmketeihk ìmgmju" .Nhuhrd `t hk'+ 855>' Jpin r`y`hrin nhy

omipy`d mg tn` ìmgmjei hyqìty mo r`ter`j`gt+ qhrteipkhrku egimj` yìpretu+ nek` mtn`r r`y`hrin

nhy tre`d tm d`yireb` hgd pgd`rythgd tn` qmt`gtehk g`fhtev` ejqhit mo r`ter`j`gt mg n`hktn hgd

`kk*bègf'

Eg jmyt impgtre`y+ tn` ed`h mo h oe~`d r`ter`j`gt hf` ey mo rì`gt mrefeg+ bègf egtrmdpi`d dpregf

tn` 85tn hgd 21tn i`gtpre`y' Bòmr` tn`g+ tn` hby`gi` mo q`gyemg hrrhgf`j`gty j`hgt tnht jmyt

mrc`ry nhd tm imgtegp` tm mrc pgtek d`htn+ mr r`ku mg tn` ypqqmrt mo ohjeku mr ore`gdy'

Gmhdhuy+ jmyt d`v`kmq`d ghtemgy nhv` yuyt`jy tm qrmved` q`gyemgy mg r`ter`j`gt eg mkd hf`+

nein jhu b` yqmgymr`d bu `jqkmu`ry mr tn` ytht`' Eg jhgu qmmr`r impgtre`y+ ypqqmrt omr tn` mkd

hr` ytekk jhegku qrmved`d tnrmpfn tn` ohjeku `yqìehkku eg Horeih'

Tn` r`ter`j`gt hf` vhre`y ormj impgtru tm impgtru bpt et ey f`g`rhkku b`t``g 00 hgd 61' Eg ymj`

impgtre`y+ tney hf` ey deoo`r`gt omr jhk` hgd o`jhk`y' Ymj`tej`y i`rtheg lmby+ tn` jmyt dhgf`rmpy

mr ohtefpegf mg`y eg qhrteipkhr+ nhv` hg `hrke`r r`ter`j`gt hf`'

Tn` ythgdhrd hf` omr r`ter`j`gt eg Fnhgh ey imgyed`r`d tm b` ye~tu u`hry omr jmyt mrc`ry+

hktnmpfn jhgu egdevedphky inmmy` tm r`ter` `hrke`r mr kht`r dp` tm q`rymghk mr oeghgiehk r`hymgy

hgd hkym+ tn` tuq` mo mrc tnht tnù dm' Hot`r r`ter`j`gt+ hg egdevedphk&y g``dy ey pyphkku opgd`d

tnrmpfn hgu imjbeghtemg mo ympri`y egikpdegf h q`gyemg qkhg+ h r`ter`j`gt hiimpgt ypin hy

ypq`rhggphtemg+ Ymiehk Yìpretu+ hgd-mr h yhvegfy hiimpgt-g`yt `ff

E hj ypr` ump nhv` n`hrd et ormj umpr qhr`gty+ ore`gdy+ t`hin`ry+ bhgc`ry+ qhytmry+ khu`ry+

k`feykhtmry+ bmyy`y hgd `v`g ormj tn` j`deh tnht ump nhv` tm ythrt yhvegf gm omr r`ter`j`gt'

Pgomrtpght`ku+ tnù hr` refnt' @v`g n`g ump hr` mgku èfnt``g u`hry mkd+ yhvegf omr r`ter`j`gt

ynmpkd b` h tmq qremretu eg mg`„y keo`' Eg ohit+ ythrtegf tm yhv` `hrku ihg r`hkku r`dpi` tn` ytr`yy mo

qkhggegf omr r`ter`j`gt n`g ump hr` yhu+ 41 u`hry hgd hbmv`' Jmr`mv`r+ ythrtegf tm qkhg gm

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jefnt `v`g r`dpi` tn` hjmpgt mo tej` ump nhv` tm het pgtek r`ter`j`gt' Et&y hkk eg nm ump qkhg

omr r`ter`j`gt+ oeghgiehk r`yqmgyebeketu ey tn` cù'

Thc` tney egtm hiimpgt+ "hbmpt 99 q`ri`gt mo r`ter``y f`t h jmgtnku inìc ormj h q`gyemg+ 2>

q`ri`gt rìèv` n`hktn egyprhgi` ormj h omrj`r `jqkmu`r+ hgd mgku hbmpt 6 q`ri`gt mo r`ter``y&egimj` ey ormj yhvegfy+ egikpdegf qrmved`gt opgdy' Bpt omr q`mqk` eg tnèr 21y tmdhu et ey kec`ku

tnht 81 q`ri`gt mr o``r ekk f`t h jmgtnku q`gyemg inìc mr rìèv` n`hktn egyprhgi` eg

r`ter`j`gt" .Brhgdmg+ 211?' Tn`y` gpjb`ry `r` r`qmrt`d eg P'Y G`y Jmgù hgd Bpyeg`yy

hgd imj` ormj Dhkkhy Yhkeybpru tn` Qr`yed`gt hgd I@M mo tn` @jqkmu`` B`gòet R`y`hrin

Egytetpt`' Tnù hr` hkhrjegf gpjb`ry+ hr`g&t tnù= Et y``jy eg tn`y` dhuy mo ohekegf Ymiehk

Yìpretu b`gòety hgd pgr`kehbk` `jqkmuj`gt b`gòety et nhy g`v`r b``g jmr` ejqmrthgt tm ythrt

yhvegf omr r`ter`j`gt `hrku' Tnht ey gmt tm yhu tnht `v`ru q`ggu mo umpr egimj` ynmpkd fm tmhrd

r`ter`j`gt'

Eg ohit+ eo ump ythrt `hrku+ oeghgiehk `~q`rty rìmjj`gd yhvegf hgun`r` ormj 81*80 q`ri`gt mo umpr egimj` `hin u`hr'

B`g Ytèg .2116 gmt`y tnht h tnmpyhgd dmkkhry qpt hhu n`g ump hr` 21 u`hry+ hgd frmegf ht h

81 q`ri`gt rht` ekk ue`kd g`hrku $69+111 bu tn` tej` ump hr` ?0 u`hry mkd' Tnht ey h ye|`hbk`

hjmpgt hgd mrtn qpttegf hhu tn` jmgù hgd gmt tmpinegf et pgtek tn` tej` tnht ump fm mg

r`ter`j`gt'

Ymj` yinmmky mo tnmpfnt dòeg`y r`ter`j`gt hy tn` q`remd mo h q`rymg&y keo` dpregf nein n`-yn` ey

gm kmgf`r mrcegf+ mr tn` imjj`gi`j`gt mo tnht q`remd' Mtn`ry hkym dòeg` et hy tn` deyqmyhk mo h

oe~`d hyy`t ht tn` `gd mo ety pyòpk keo`'

V`byt`r&y Deitemghru ihkky et h etndrhhk ormj mg`&y qmyetemg mr miipqhtemg mr ormj hg hitev`

mrcegf keo`' Tn` mrd ety`ko imglpr`y pq ejhf`y mo yekv`r*nher`d y`gemr iete|`gy r`kh~egf hgd

yeqqegf orpet dregc eg ymj` kpyn trmqeihk qhrhdey` etnmpt h ihr` eg tn` mrkd'

Ump hkr`hdu cgm ump hr` kec`ku tm kev` kmgf`r tnhg umpr qhr`gty' Ump ekk qrmbhbku hkym b`

n`hktne`r hgd b`tt`r hbk` tm `glmu umpr kht`r u`hry' U`t+ kevegf kmgf`r j`hgy tnht jhcegf dìeyemgy

hbmpt nht tm dm etn tnht r`ter`j`gt inpgc mo keo`+ hy `kk hy nm tm nhgdk` et' Qkhggegf tmhrdyumpr r`ter`j`gt ekk `kejeght` hkk tn` ytr`yy hgd nhyyk` tnht ump hr` kec`ku tm ohi`'

Mpr iprr`gt f`g`rhtemg mo r`ter``y hgd qmt`gtehk r`ter``y hr` tnrpytegf tn`jy`kv`y nhqqeku egtm tnht

inmr`' Hy jekkemgy mo Horeihgy ythrt tm tnegc hbmpt hgd qkhg omr tnèr r`ter`j`gt+ et nhy bìmj`

mbvempy tnht ` nhv` imjqk`t`ku règv`gt`d tn` imgi`qt mo r`ter`j`gt' Et„y gmt umpr ohtn`r„y

r`ter`j`gt hgujmr` bpt umpr mg mg`'



R`ter`j`gt+ bu dòegetemg+ j`hgy tm etndrh hgd r`tr`ht' Tmdhu„y r`ter``y hgd qmt`gtehk r`ter``y+

nm`v`r+ hr` ohiegf r`ter`j`gt bu htthicegf' Tnù hr` qkhggegf tm oekk tnèr r`ter`j`gt u`hry etn

hitevetu'

Tmdhu r`ter``y hr` dmegf jmr` qkhggegf tnhg lpyt kmmcegf ht tnèr oeghgiehk hyy`yyj`gty'

Egdevedphky+ ohiegf qmt`gtehkku jmr` tnhg t`gtu u`hry mo r`ter`j`gt+ hr` qpttegf h fmmd d`hk mo tej` egtm dìedegf lpyt nm tnù hgt tm yq`gd tnèr r`ter`j`gt' Tnù hr` pyegf tnèr r`ter`j`gt

u`hry tm r`ytrpitpr` qremrete`y hgd opkoekk keo`kmgf dr`hjy'

Ymj` oefprhtev` j`hgegfy mo R`ter`j`gt<

Hqqku omr Inekt`rg Npgdr`dy< Tm r`yefg ormj mooei`3 tm hbhgdmg mg`„y qmyetemg mr r`yqmgyebeketu'

Tney Breteyn `~qr`yyemg hkkpd`y tm tn` j`tnmd py`d bu hg J'Q' nm eyn`y tm r`yefg bòmr` ney

t`rj mo mooei` `~qer`d+ nein hy h omrbedd`g qrhitei`' Hkym omrbedd`g ey tn` nmkdegf mo h qhed

mooei` pgd`r tn` Irmg nek` hy h J`jb`r mo Qhrkehj`gt' Imgy`xp`gtku+ tn` J'Q' nm eyn`y tm

r`yefg hqqke`y omr tn` Yt`hrdyneq mo tn` Inekt`rg Npgdr`dy+ h gm kmgf`r `~thgt Irmg

hqqmegtj`gt' Mg rìèvegf tn` hqqmegtj`gt+ n` ey omri` tm r`kegxpeyn ney y`ht eg Qhrkehj`gt'

Nhvegf dmg` ym+ n` ht mgi` r`yefgy ney Yt`hrdyneq hy `kk+ tnpy k`hvegf tn` oeitetempy qmyt vhihgt

omr tn` g`~t J'Q' eg g``d mo tn` qkmu'

Nhgf pq mg`„y nhtin`t< Tm xpet mrcegf+ tm thc` h r`yt mr br`hc ormj mg`„y mrc' Tn` hkkpyemg ey

qrmbhbku tm h mmd iptt`r mr mtn`r q`rymg nm py`y h nhtin`t mr h~ eg ney trhd` hgd ket`rhkku nhgfy

et pq n`g n` ytmqy mrcegf' Tney `~qr`yyemg+ gm kmgf`r eg py`+ dht`y hy ohr bhic hy 8926'

Vn`g tnmp nhyt `kk dmg` nhgf pq tnu nhtin`t' .Reinhrd Nekky+ Qrmv`rby ormj tn` Imjjmg*Qkhi`Bmmc+ 8091

Qpt mpt tm qhytpr`< R`ter`d+ qpt mg tn` yn`ko+ qpt hhu' Tn` `~qr`yyemg mrefeghkku rò`rr`d tm

hgejhky+ ypin hy mrcnmry`y+ nein+ dp` tm mkd hf` mr qmmr n`hktn+ nhd mptkev`d tnèr pyòpkg`yy

tm tnèr mg`ry hgd `r` tprg`d mpt tm qhytpr` omr tn` r`yt mo tnèr dhuy' Tmdhu tn` qnrhy` ey jmr`

imjjmgku hqqke`d tm mkd`r q`rymgy nm+ omr tn` yhj` r`hymgy+ nhv` ypqqmy`dku mptkev`d tnèr

pyòpkg`yy tm ymie`tu hgd hr` gm kmgf`r hkkm`d tm qkhu hg hitev` rmk` eg tn` hoohery mo tn` mrcegf

mrkd' Tn` ejqkeihtemg ey tnht tnù hr` gmt hiimrd`d tn` defgetu mo npjhg bègfy bpt hr` tr`ht`d

hy hgejhky nmy` mgku mrtn ey eg tnèr mrc'

Yhkkm tn` hginmr< Tm `gd mg`„y y`hohregf dhuy bu mbthegegf hg mgynmr` lmb mr r`teregf ormj h

jhretej` miipqhtemg3 tm b` r`k`hy`d ormj y`rvei` etn tn` Ghvu' Tney `~qr`yyemg ey mbvempyku mo

h ghpteihk d`revhtemg hgd hy py`d bu H' @' Jhrt`g+ hy iet`d eg V`byt`r„y Tnerd<

SN`Z yhkkm`d tn` hginmr hgd ythu`d hynmr`'

Tn` `~qr`yyemg ey miihyemghkku `~t`gd`d tm hqqku tm r`ter`j`gt ormj hgu miipqhtemg'



R`ter`j`gt ey tn` ythtpy mo h mrc`r nm nhy ytmqq`d mrcegf' Tney pyphkku nhqq`gy pqmg

r`hinegf h d`t`rjeg`d hf`+ n`g qnuyeihk imgdetemgy dmg„t hkkm tn` q`rymg tm mrc hgujmr`

ètn`r bu .ekkg`yy mr hiied`gt+ mr `v`g omr q`rymghk inmei` .pyphkku eg tn` qr`y`gi` mo hg hd`xpht`

q`gyemg' Tn` r`ter`j`gt etn h q`gyemg ey imgyed`r`d h refnt mo tn` mrc`r eg jhgu ymie`te`y+

hgd nhrd ed`mkmfeihk+ ymiehk+ ipktprhk hgd qmketeihk bhttk`y nhv` b``g ompfnt omr tney refnt tm b`

frhgt`d' Eg jhgu `yt`rg impgtre`y hgd `v`g eg Fnhgh+ tney refnt ey j`gtemg`d eg ghtemghk

imgytetptemgy'

Q`mqk` hr` mot`g hyc`d y`re`y mo xp`ytemgy ypin hy< ‐Vn`g hr` ump fmegf tm r`ter`=‟ Tney

bòpddk`y j` hgd E lpyt dmg„t pgd`rythgd egt`gt omr hycegf ypin xp`ytemgy' Et ympgdy kec` tn`r` ey

ymj` `~qìthtemg tnht E ynmpkd r`ter` mr ht k`hyt hgt tm r`ter`' Eg ymj` huy+ et ey yejekhr tm tn`

xp`ytemg tnht mj`g mot`g n`hr+ ‐Vn`g hr` ump fmegf tm nhv` h bhbu=‟ Tn`r` ey tney ejqke`d

`~qìthtemg tnht bìhpy` ump hr` h mjhg ump ynmpkd b` tnegcegf mo f`ttegf qr`fghgt' Mr

bìhpy` E nhv` net` nher E ynmpkd hgt tm r`ter`' Ypin xp`ytemgy hy+ nht dm hgt tm b` n`g

ump frm pq=‟ ‐Vn`g hr` ump fmegf tm f`t jhrre`d=‟+ ‐Vn`g hr` ump fmegf tm nhv` h bhbu=‟+

‐Vnht dm ump dm omr h kevegf=‟+ ‐Vn`g hr` ump fmegf tm r`ter`=‟+ hkk nhv` egn`r`gt etneg tn`

xp`ytemg tn` ejqke`d vhkp`y mo tn` xp`ytemg`r+ e'`'+ nht ump dm omr h kevegf dòeg`y nm ump hr`+

bègf yegfk` ey gmt h vehbk` hkt`rghtev` tm jhrrehf`+ bègf inekdk`yy ey gmt h vehbk` mqtemg omr h

jhrre`d impqk`+ mrcegf pgtek ump ihg gm kmgf`r dm ym ey gmt h fmmd ed`h'

Tn` trptn ey+ E bmpfnt egtm tn` gmtemg tnht `hrku r`ter`j`gt ey mo h nefn`r vhkp` tnhg imgtegpegf tm

mrc' Et hy hy tnmpfn `hrku r`ter`j`gt hy h bhdf` mo ypii`yy' Bpt hy E ompgd tn` u`hry rmkkegf

bu hgd E imgtegp`d tm mrc+ E b`fhg tm tnegc tnht q`rnhqy tn` `gter` ed`h mo r`ter`j`gt ynmpkd b`

xp`ytemg`d' Hot`r hkk+ ump hr` ytekk n`hktnu hgd E imgtegp` tm `glmu ju mrc' Vnu ynmpkd E r`ter`=

E tnmpfnt hbmpt tn` gpjb`r mo q`mqk` E cg` nm r`ter`d hgd nm E py`d tm hdjer` tn`j hgdnm E o`kt ymrru omr tnmy` nm impkd gmt hoomrd tm r`ter` mr tnmy` nm yhed+ ‐E dmg„t cgm nht E

mpkd dm eo E impkdg„t fm tm mrc'‟ E tnmpfnt mo ju mg keo`+ jpyegf mv`r nht E mpkd dm eo E

r`ter`d' E nhv` h kmt mo nmbbe`y hgd egt`r`yty+ hgd E impkd ik`hrku oekk ju dhuy etn hitevete`y tnht

fev` j` qk`hypr`' E impkd `gfhf` eg jmr` vmkpgt``r mrc+ mrc eg ju mmd ynmq+ thc` jmr`

kmv`ku qnmtmfrhqny+ ret` jmr` hrteik`y+ imgtegp` tm k`hrg h g` khgfphf`+ hgd qrhitei` jmr`

fpethr+ mhr`+ c`t` drpj+ umfh+ the ine+ hgd cpgf op' E dmg„t nhv` tm mrc omr h kevegf' Ym nu

imgtegp`= Tn` hgy`r ey yejqk`+ E kmv` et' Ump hr` qrevek`f`d etn tn` mqqmrtpgetu tm qhrteieqht`

eg h j`hgegfopk hu eg tn` kev`y mo mtn`ry n`g ump r`ter` ormj mrc' Ju mrc hqq`hry tm jhc`

h deoo`r`gi` eg tn` kev`y mo mtn`ry' Vnu mpkd E ytmq dmegf nht E kmv` dmegf=

Tn`y` jpyegfy k`d j` tm xp`ytemg tn` `gter` gmtemg mo r`ter`j`gt' Tnrmpfnmpt neytmru+ mrc nhy

b``g imgyed`r`d h gì`yyetu3 et hy mot`g hrdpmpy' Tnht ey nu et hy ihkk`d ‖mrc„ gmt qkhu'

Bhic eg tn` `hrku dhuy+ omr jmyt q`mqk`+ mrc imgyeyt`d mo ymj` ymrt mo qnuyeihk khbmr+ tnht ey+

ormj tn` y`ht mo mg`„y brm' Tn` `hktnu ded gmt nhv` tm mrc' Tn` r`yt mo tn` omkc ded tn`

mrc' Tn`g ihj` tn` Fr`ht D`qr`yyemg n`r` jekkemgy `r` pg`jqkmu`d' Tn` ìmgmju hy eg

ynhjbk`y'



Tney pyn`r`d h nmyt mo ymiehk qmkeie`y egikpdegf nht ey gm cgmg hy tn` Ymiehk Yìpretu

yuyt`j' Tney jhd` et qmyyebk` omr tn` mrdeghru mrc`r tm tnegc hbmpt tn` qmyyebeketu tnht h dhu

mpkd imj` n`g n` mr yn` mpkd gm kmgf`r nhv` tm mrc' Tn` jhfei hf` hy ?0' Mgi` mg`

r`hin`d tn` ythtpy mo y`gemr iete|`g+ Ymiehk Yìpretu b`gòety mpkd ceic eg jhcegf tn` mrc`r

`kefebk` omr h jmgtnku inìc opgd`d eg qhrt bu imgtrebptemgy jhd` dpregf tnèr mrcegf keo` hgd

qhrtehkku ormj tn` ytht`'

Yejekhrku+ khbmr pgemgy bìhj` qm`ropk vmei`y omr mrc`ry eg vhrempy y`fj`gty mo ymie`tu' Tn`

`rh mo h r`ter`j`gt imgyiempyg`yy y`t eg' Q`mqk` b`fhg tm tnegc hbmpt+ dr`hj hbmpt+ hgd qkhg omr

tnht dhu n`g tnù impkd ytmq mrcegf hgd b`feg tm kev` tnèr r`jhegegf u`hry eg imjomrt' Eg

ohit+ jhgu q`mqk` mpkd inmmy` ihr``ry mg tn` bhyey mo r ter`j`gt b`gòety' Q`mqk` `r` qrmpd

tm yhu+ ‐E„j h r`ter`d  '‟ mr ‐E tmmc `hrku r`ter`j`gt'‟ Jegd ump+ tney hkk tmmc qkhi` eg hg `rh

n`r` keo` `~qìthgiu hy kht` ?1y tm 61y' Ym tnmy` r`ter`j`gt u`hry `r` r`khtev`ku o`'

Tmdhu et ey imjjmg omr q`mqk` tm `~qìt tm kev` egtm tnèr >1y mr 51y hy h r`ypkt mo ejqrmv`d

n`hktn ihr` d`kev`ru yuyt`j' Jhgu q`mqk`+ r`hke|egf tnht ht hf` 01 mr ?1+ `v`g 61 tnù nhv`dìhd`y eg ormgt mo tn`j+ b`feg yìmgd ihr``ry' Tnèr yìmgd ihr``r+ nm`v`r+ mot`g ey jmr`

opkoekkegf tnhg tnèr oeryt ihr``r3 tn` oeryt ihr``r mr lmb hy mo gì`yyetu' Et hy tn` qhtn tnht tnù

o`kt mbkef`d tm thc` eg mrd`r tm nhv` hg ed`gtetu+ tm qhu bekky+ ypqqmrt h ohjeku+ `ti' Tn` yìmgd

ihr``r mot`g ey jmr` hbmpt qhyyemg hgd y`ko*yhteyohitemg mr q`rymghk opkoekkj`gt'

Et nhy b``g yhed tnht eo ump ‐omkkm umpr qhyyemg ump ekk gmt nhv` tm mrc h dhu eg umpr keo`'‟

Ymj` q`mqk` hr` omrtpght` `gmpfn tm nhv` ompgd h ihr``r eg nein tnù o``k qhyyemght`' Tnù

kmv` tnèr mrc hgd ihggmt ejhfeg` dmegf hgutnegf `ky`'

Tn` xp`ytemg tnù mot`g hyc`d ey+ ‐nu mpkd E ytmq dmegf ymj`tnegf tnht E ym `glmu dmegf=Vnu mpkd E r`ter`=‟ Tmdhu jhgu q`mqk` jefnt b` r`*tnegcegf hbmpt tney eyyp`' Fev`g bmtn tn`

ohit mo egir`hy`d kmgf`vetu hgd ìmgmjei gì`yyetu+ jhgu q`mqk` hr` xp`ytemgegf n`tn`r tnù

ynmpkd `v`g r`ter`' Tnù hr` tnegcegf tnht q`rnhqy tn` ed`h mo r`ter`j`gt hy h yujbmk mo ypii`yy

nhy mptkev`d ety pyòpkg`yy' Q`rnhqy kec` inmmyegf tm jhrru mr b` yegfk`+ nhvegf inekdr`g mr bègf

inekdk`yy+ r`ter`j`gt ynmpkd b` hg mqtemg hgd gmt h r`xper`j`gt' Tn` iret`reh omr r`ter`j`gt

ynmpkd b` bhy`d mg mg`„y ieripjythgi`+ qnuyeihk hbeketu hgd d`yer` tm dm ym gmt mg hg hrbetrhru

ymiehk ythgdhrd bhy`d mg hf`' Q`rnhqy q`mqk` ynmpkd b` tnegcegf jmr` hbmpt n`tn`r tnù ekk

`glmu h lmb hgd oegd et opkoekkegf+ rhtn`r tnhg inmmyegf h lmb mg tn` bhyey mo ety qmt`gtehk r`ter`j`gt

b`gòety'

E lpyt r`tprg`d ormj ju hggphk ``c`gd treq tm Hcphq`j hgd Chnp jmpgthegy hr`h' @v`ru

u`hr+ E lmeg ompr mtn`r ore`gdy tm nec` egtm tn` omr`yt+ qetin mpr t`gty mg tn` bhgcy mo tn` ir``c+ hgd

yet hrmpgd tn` oer` thkcegf hbmpt keo`' V` drhgc h kmt mo neycù tney u`hr+ hgd yq`gt h kmt mo tej`

ht tn` yejjegf nmk`'

Tney u`hr+ ` hkym thkc`d h kmt hbmpt n`r` `„r` fmegf eg keo`' Hkk oev` mo py hr` hbmpt 41 u`hry

mkd+ hgd `„r` hkk d`hkegf etn ihr``r trhgyetemgy mo ymj` ymrt' V` inhtt`d hbmpt ‐Jhghf`j`gt



hgd K`hd`ryneq‟ .h tmqei E nmq` tm ret` hbmpt ymmg%+ hbmpt bpekdegf ymiehk ihqethk+ hgd hbmpt

r`ter`j`gt' E j`gtemg`d tnht ju eo` nmq`y tm r`ter` n`g yn` ey 02+ hgd tnht ihpy`d h kmt mo

`gvu' Et hkym qrmjqt`d hg egt`r`ytegf deyipyyemg mg Ypgdhu hot`rgmmg'

‐Nm dm ump dòeg` r`ter`j`gt=‟ Qhpk hyc`d hy n` hgd E ikejb`d egtm ney yhkmmg ihr tm ythrt tn`

kmgf drev` nmj`' ‐Hgd n`g dm ump qkhg tm r`ter`=‟

E tnmpfnt omr h jmj`gt' ‐Hr` tnmy` rn`tmreihk xp`ytemgy=‟ E hyc`d' ‐Mr hr` ump r`hkku hycegf j`

n`g E qkhg tm r`ter`=‟

‐E hj hycegf ump n`g ump qkhg tm r`ter`+‟ Qhpk yhed' ‐Bìhpy` eg h kmt mo huy+ ump hkr`hdu

y``j r`ter`d' Ump dm nht ump hgt n`g ump hgt' Ump nhv` tej` tm trhv`k hgd tm qpryp` umpr

nmbbe`y hgd tnht ymrt mo tnegf' U`t n`g E tnegc mo ump+ E dmg„t tnegc mo ump hy r`ter`d rhtn`r+ E

tnegc mo ump hy ymj`bmdu mrcegf'‟

E nhd tm tnegc hbmpt tney ymj` jmr`' ‐E dmg„t cgm+‟ E yhed ht khyt' ‐E„j gmt ypr` E cgm nht

r`ter`j`gt ey+ hgd E dmg„t cgm n`g E qkhg tm r`ter`'‟

Tn` tnegf ey+ E yhed+ ‐gmg` mo ju ohjeku `v`r r`ter`d' V`kk+ tnht ey gmt trp` bìhpy` ju jmtn`r„y

ohtn`r r`ter`d+ bpt E dedg„t cgm nej `kk' Mg ju dhd„y yed` mo tn` ohjeku+ tn` yed` E r`hkku cgm+

gmbmdu r`ter`d' Qhrt mo tnht hy bìhpy` ym jhgu mo tn`j de`d umpgf' Tnù g`v`r fmt h inhgi` tm

r`ter`' Bpt E r`j`jb`r tnht n`g ju frhgdqh — nm mrc`d hy h lhgetmr ht tn` nefn yinmmk —

n`g n` ‖r`ter`d„+ n` ytekk mrc`d' N` ded gmt mrc omr jmgù+ bpt n` rhg h mrcegf ohrj pgtek n`

hy 60 mr >1 u`hry mkd'‟

Tn`g E r`hke|`d E impkd b` ik`v`r' Eo E impkd gmt dòeg` r`ter`j`gt hgd eo E impkd gmt yhu n`g E

hgt`d tm r`ter`+ jhub` Qhpk impkd' Ym E hyc`d nej' ‐Vnht dm`y r`ter`j`gt j`hg tm ump=‟ E yhed'

‐V`kk+ tm j` r`ter`j`gt ey gmt nhvegf tm dm ymj`tnegf omr jmgù+‟ Qhpk yhed' ‐Eo E hy mrcegf

ht mg` tnegf hgd hgt`d tm dm ymj`tnegf `ky`+ E impkd dm et hgd gmt nhv` tm mrru'‟

‐Tnht ympgdy kec` Oeghgiehk Egd`q`gd`gi`+‟ E yhed .tnmpfn E impkdg„t ihqethke|` tn` ‐O‟ hgd tn`

‐E‟ nek` yq`hcegf%' ‐Hitphkku+ tnht„y h fmmd hu tm kmmc ht r`ter`j`gt' Eg jhgu huy+ Oeghgiehk

Egd`q`gd`gi` hgd r`ter`j`gty hr` tn` yhj` tnegf' Tnù bmtn j`hg tnht ump nhv` `gmpfn jmgù

tnht ump ihg hoomrd tm dm nht ump hgt+ refnt=‟

Qhpk gmdd`d' ‐Ymj`tej`y E tnegc tnht r`ter`j`gt eyg„t hbmpt tn` jmgù+‟ n` yhed' ‐Tn` tnegf E

eyn E nhd ey jmr` tej`' E yq`gd tmm jpin tej` dmegf tnegfy E dmg„t hgt tm dm omr jmgù' E

fp`yy E impkd nhv` tej` tm dm tn` ytpoo E hgt+ bpt tm dm ym mpkd r`xper` jmr` yhireoei`y tnhg E

hj ekkegf tm jhc`' E„j orpfhk+ bpt E nhv` kejety' Eo E impkd jhc` jmgù dmegf ymj`tnegf E

`glmu+ E mpkdg„t nhv` tm r`ter`' Hgd tnht„y nht et y``jy kec` ump dm'‟



‐Mn(‟ E yhed' Gm E impkd y`` nu Qhpk nhd hyc`d tn` mrefeghk xp`ytemg+ nu n` hgt`d tm cgm

ju dòegetemg mo r`ter`j`gt hgd n`g E qkhgg`d tm r`ter`' Tm nej+ E hy hkr`hdu kevegf tn` ymrt mo

keo` tnht n` hgty n`g n` r`ter`y'

Qhpk imgtegp`d< ‐E nhv` b``g thkcegf etn Lhg`t‟ — ney ferkore`gd+ hgd ju eo`„y yeyt`r — ‐hgd E

nhv` b``g mgd`regf< Vnht eo E fmt tm h qmegt n`r` u`y+ E nhd tm mrc+ bpt E impkd inmmy` hgu lmb E hgt`d+ `v`g eo et qhed jegejpj hf`= Jhub` E impkd mrc eg h jpyei ytmr`'‟

‐Refnt+‟ E yhed' ‐E cgm nht ump j`hg' Hgd hitphkku+ ump„v` ymrt mo net mg ymj`tnegf tnht ey eg

mg` mo ju ohvmret` bmmcy' Et„y ihkk`d Vmrc K`yy+ Kev` Jmr` bu Bmb Ikuhtt' Et„y hkk hbmpt nht n`

ihkky ‖y`je*r`ter`j`gt„' Y`je*r`ter`j`gt ey kec` `hrku r`ter`j`gt `~i`qt tnht ump nhd tm imgtegp`

tm `hrg jmgù ormj ymrt mo mrcy'

Bmb Ikuhtt .2116 `~qkhegy tn` hdvhgthf`y mo y`je*r`ter`j`gt hy omkkmy< ‐Vetn h

jmd`yt egimj` ormj qhrt*tej` mrc+ `hrku y`je*r`ter``y jhu gmt nhv` tm ohi` tn` drhjhtei

dmgyneotegf eg yq`gdegf hgd keo`ytuk` tnht ym mot`g imgormgty tnmy` nm kev` mgku mg yhvegfy mrq`gyemgy' Hgd y`je*r`ter``y k`hrg tnht h r`hymghbk` hjmpgt mo mrc+ `v`g pgqhed mrc+ c``qy

tn`j `g`rfe|`d+ imgtrebptegf+ hgd ynhrq'‟

Tnmpfn y`je*r`ter`j`gt ey jmr` r`hkeytei tnhg `hrku r`ter`j`gt omr jmyt q`mqk`+ et„y ytekk gmt omr

tn` ohegt mo n`hrt' Ump nhv` tm b` d`deiht`d hgd mrc nhrd tm jhc` et nhqq`g' Y`je*r`ter`j`gt

pyphkku r`xper`y hjqk` yhvegfy+ orpfhk kevegf+ mgfmegf mrc+ `~qkmrhtemg+ hgd h y`gy` mo qprqmy`'

‐E dmg„t cgm n`g E hgt tm r`ter`+‟ E yhed' ‐Bpt E dmg„t tnegc mo juy`ko hy r`ter`d gm+ tnmpfn E

ihg y`` nu et jefnt kmmc tnht hu' Tm b` nmg`yt+ E dmg„t hgt tm r`ter`' E nhv` qprqmy` gm+ hgd

E kec` et' Omr ym kmgf+ ju keo` nhd gm qprqmy`+ hgd E tnegc tnht„y nu E ytrpffk`d etn d`qr`yyemg'

Nhvegf qprqmy` nhy inhgf`d ju keo`+ nhy fevegf j` h y`gy` mo j`hgegf'‟

Qhpk xpeicku gmt`d ju okh`d kmfei' ‐Vhet h jegpt`+‟ n` yhed' ‐Tnht qr`*ypqqmy`y tnht r`ter`j`gt

nhy gm qprqmy`'‟

‐Fmmd qmegt+‟ E yhed' ‐Ump„r` refnt' Hgd hitphkku+ E tnegc et ey v`ru ejqmrthgt omr `v`rumg` tm oegd

ymj` ymrt mo qprqmy`+ n`tn`r tnù„r` r`ter`d mr gmt'‟

Lpyt tn`g+ ` r`hin`d tn` Fegf`rbr`hd Nmpy`+ mpr qet ytmq omr kpgin' V` `gt egyed` hgd mrd`r`d

mpr bprf`ry hgd jhkt`d jekcynhc`y .Qhpk mrd`r`d dmpbk` jhkt+ hgd hy tn` r`yt mo tn` frmpq

hrrev`d mpr imgv`ryhtemg tprg`d ormj r`ter`j`gt tm jmr` jpgdhg` tnegfy' Qkpy+ ` hkk npgin`d

mv`r mpr eQnmg`y+ ihtinegf pq mg 4> nmpry mo `*jhek hgd t`~t j`yyhf`y'

Kht`r eg tn` dhu+ E tnmpfnt jmr` hbmpt mpr imgv`ryhtemg' Tn` jmr` E tnegc hbmpt et+ tn` jmr` et

y``jy tnht tn` trhdetemghk gmtemg mo r`ter`j`gt ey ymj`tnegf kec` h jerhf`' Et„y gmt r`hk' Vn`g E

tnegc hbmpt tn` q`mqk` E cgm nm nhv` ‐r`ter`d‟+ E y`` tnht tnù„v` r`hkku lpyt f`gtku

trhgyetemg`d egtm ymj` mtn`r qnhy` mo keo`+ pyphkku qprypegf ymj`tnegf tnù„r` qhyyemght` hbmpt'



Pktejht`ku+ dìedegf n`g hgd nm tm k`hv` tn` mrcomri` eyg„t hbmpt ymj` gpjb`r eg h

r`ter`j`gt hiimpgt' Et„y ejqmrthgt omr `hin mo py tm tnegc hbmpt mpr fmhky hgd nht jhc`y py

nhqqu' Ym+ n`g ekk E r`ter`= Jhub` eo E hj kpicu+ E g`v`r ekk' E ekk lpyt c``q dmegf nht E hj

dmegf bìhpy` et jhc`y j` nhqqu hgd fev`y j` h y`gy` mo qprqmy`'

Tn` xp`ytemg tnht kegf`ry mg tn` jegd mo jekkemgy mo r`ter``y ey< nht dm`y tn` optpr` nmkdy omr pyhot`r r`ter`j`gt= Tney hgd jhgu jmr` ymiehk hgd qyuinmkmfeihk ohitmry hooìt jhgu r`ter``y'

Tmq Geg` Vhuy tm Règv`gt R`ter`j`gt' Tnù hr`<

8' R`hke|` r`ter`j`gt ey h r`khtev`ku g` imgi`qt eg npjhg `vmkptemg'

2' R`ytrpitpr` umpr qremrete`y hrmpgd nht ey jmyt ejqmrthgt tm ump'

9' R`g` umpr |`yt omr `dpihtemg'

4' R`vethke|` umpr `g`rfu bu oegdegf h imjjpgetu mo q`mqk` nm `jbrhi` frmtn hgd

inhgf`'

0' R`cegdk` umpr yqeret omr reyc thcegf'

?' R`yqmgd tm g` mqqmrtpgete`y'

6' Rìnhrf` umpr yuyt`j bu jmvegf umpr bmdu r`fpkhrku'

>' R`veyet umpr inekdnmmd dr`hjy'

5' R`j`jb`r tn` qm`r hgd eydmj tm rìmfge|` hgd hit mg umpr trp` qhyyemg ey etneg

ump'

QR@QHREGF OMR R@TER@J@GT

R`ter`j`gt qkhggegf ey tn` jmyt ejqmrthgt thyc mo dìedegf nm ump ekk kev` mgi` ump r`ter`'

R`ter`j`gt qkhggegf egvmkv`y tn` imgyed`rhtemg mo h gpjb`r mo ohitmry+ egikpdegf ht nht hf` ump

nmq` tm r`ter`+ nm jpin jmgù ump ekk g``d tm imv`r kevegf `~q`gy`y impqk`d etn tn` tnegfy

ump qkhg tm dm mgi` ump nhv` r`ter`d+ hgd n`r` umpr jmgù ekk imj` ormj' F`g`rhkkuyq`hcegf+ r`ter`j`gt qkhggegf ey qkhggegf umpr oeghgi`y omr tn` q`remd mo keo` hot`r ump ytmq

mrcegf'

Egv`ytegf dpregf r`ter`j`gt ey `gter`ku deoo`r`gt tnhg egv`ytegf omr r`ter`j`gt' Hy ypin+ deoo`r`gt

ytrht`fe`y hr` r`xper`d omr tn` hiipjpkhtemg hgd deytrebptemg qnhy`y'



Dpregf tn` hiipjpkhtemg qnhy` et jhu b` hqqrmqreht` tm thc` jmd`rht` reycy eg r`tprg omr tn`

qrmyqìty mo nefn`r r`tprgy' H umpgf q`rymg etn h v`ru kmgf tej` nmre|mg pgtek r`ter`j`gt hgd h

nefn reyc tmk`rhgi` jefnt egv`yt n`r `gter` qmrtomkem eg ytmicy'

Dpregf r`ter`j`gt+ h jpin jmr` imgy`rvhtev` qmrtomkem ey f`g`rhkku ihkk`d omr' Tnht ey+ bìhpy`tn` r`xper`j`gt tm f`g`rht` q`remdei etndrhhky tm qrmdpi` egimj` egtrmdpi`y h reyc tnht tn`

qmrtomkem jefnt y`ko*kexpedht`' F`g`rhkku yq`hcegf+ h r`ter`j`gt qmrtomkem ynmpkd b` v`ru n`hveku

èfnt`d eg ynmrt*t`rj bmgdy+ nein qrmved` h ytmr` mo vhkp` hgd r`dpi` tn` reyc omr tn`

qmrtomkem' Bmtn hr` ejqmrthgt tm r`ter``y .Hrjytrmgf+ 211>'

H f`g`rmpy ipynemg mo bmgdy qrmved`y h r`hdu ympri` mo opgdy omr deytrebptemg etnmpt r`fhrd tm

jhrc`t okpitphtemgy' Tn`r` ey h b`ke`v` tnht r`ter``y ynmpkd d`t`rjeg` tnèr tmthk egimj` g``dy omr

tn` g`~t y`v`g tm 81 u`hry hgd hkkmiht` `gmpfn bmgdy tm imv`r ht k`hyt tnht hjmpgt' Omr egythgi`+

h r`ter`` tnht `~qìty tm etndrh 4 q`ri`gt mo ney g`yt `ff `hin u`hr mpkd hgt tm nmkd ht k`hyt

2> q`ri`gt tm 41 q`ri`gt eg bmgdy' Vetn tnht ipynemg `ythbkeyn`d+ tn` r`ter`` ihg etndrh omr hv`ru kmgf tej` etnmpt bègf omri`d tm kexpedht` ney jmr` vmkhtek` ytmicy dpregf h qmyyebk` dmg

jhrc`t' Et&y ejqmrthgt tm qr`y`rv` tnmy` vmkhtek` bpt nefn*r`tprg frmtn hyy`ty omr optpr` rìmv`ru'

Hrjytrmgf .211> `gt oprtn`r tm ytht` tnht h km*reyc+ km*vmkhteketu qmrtomkem f`g`rhkku qrmved`y

h nefn`r qrmbhbeketu mo ypii`yy dpregf tn` etndrhhk qnhy` tnhg h jmr` vmkhtek` qmrtomkem' N`r`

` dòeg` ypii`yy hy gmt rpggegf mpt mo jmgù nek` hkev`' Vnek` bmgdy jhu gmt `hrg hy jpin

hy ytmicy mv`r tn` kmgf rpg+ tnù y`rv` tm fr`htku r`dpi` tn` qmrtomkem reyc'

Et mpkd b` h jeythc` tm het pgtek tn` khyt qmyyebk` jmj`gt tm inhgf` ytrht`fe`y ormj

hiipjpkhtemg tm deytrebptemg' Hot`r hkk+ ump mpkdg&t hgt umpr r`ter`j`gt tmjmrrm d`q`gd`gtmg nht tn` jhrc`t ded tmdhu' Eo ump hr` gmt qrmq`rku qmyetemg`d eg hdvhgi`+ h impqk` mo bhd

u`hry eg tn` jhrc`t jefnt y`t umpr r`ter`j`gt dht` bhic h dìhd` mr jmr`' Hg mrd`rku jefrhtemg

ytrht`fu ormj hiipjpkhtemg tm deytrebptemg ytrht`fe`y `gypr`y tnht ump mg&t b` npgf mpt tm dru eo

tn` jhrc`t tprgy ymptn'

Et jefnt jhc` y`gy` tm nhv` umpr r`ter`j`gt qmrtomkem eg qkhi` h impqk` mo u`hry bòmr` ump

hitphkku hkc mpt tn` dmmr' Tn`g+ qeic h tej` hbmpt y`v`g tm 81 u`hry eg hdvhgi` mo umpr d`yer`d

r`ter`j`gt dht` tm b`feg umpr trhgyetemg' Ym+ omr `~hjqk`+ k`t&y yhu ump dìed`d tnht ump hgt`d

41 q`ri`gt mo umpr qmrtomkem eg bmgdy n`g ump r`ter`+ hgt tn` qmrtomkem y`t pq tm u`hry bòmr`

tn` hitphk dht`+ hgd hgt tm ythrt 81 u`hry bòmr` r`ter`j`gt tm b`feg tm hdlpyt tn` qmrtomkem' Umprqmrtomkem tmdhu ey 811 q`ri`gt ytmicy'

Ump nhv` hg èfnt*u`hr trhgyetemg q`remd' Ym+ b`feggegf 81 u`hry bòmr` r`ter`j`gt+ jmv` 0

q`ri`gt mo tn` qmrtomkem `hin u`hr tm ynmrt*t`rj bmgdy' Tm u`hry bòmr` r`ter`j`gt ump ekk nhv`

umpr 41 q`ri`gt eg bmgdy+ hgd ihg kmmc omrhrd imgoed`gtku tm r`ter`j`gt etnmpt mrruegf tmm

jpin hbmpt nht tn` jhrc`t dm`y'



Mo impry`+ eo ytmicy `hrg jmr` tnhg bmgdy dpregf tn` trhgyetemg q`remd+ ump ekk nhv` h ymj`nht

yjhkk`r g`yt `ff' @imgmjeyty ihkk tnht qmt`gtehk pgd`rq`romrjhgi` hg mqqmrtpgetu imyt' Bpt+ ump

ekk nhv` fr`htku r`dpi`d tn` inhgi` tnht h qmyyebk` jhrc`t irhyn ekk k`hv` ump pghbk` tm r`ter`

ht hkk' Ym+ tn` mqqmrtpgetu imyt jhu b` h yjhkk qrei` tm qhu omr q`hi` mo jegd'

Hg egv`ytj`gt ytrht`fu eyg&t gì`yyhreku hbmpt jh~eje|egf r`tprgy nek` efgmregf reyc' Jmytmot`g tn` hqqrmqreht` ytrht`fu ey tn` mg` tnht ekk jh~eje|` tn` qrmbhbeketu mo h ypii`yyopk

mptimj`' Tnht r`xper`y imgyed`regf bmtn reyc hgd r`tprg' Jefrhtegf `hrku tm umpr qrò`rr`d

r`ter`j`gt qmrtomkem fr`htku egir`hy`y umpr inhgi` mo h ypii`yyopk r`ter`j`gt `~q`re`gi`'

Et ynmpkd b` gmt`d tnht `hin q`rymg&y yetphtemg ey pgexp`+ hgd tn`ròmr`+ r`ter`j`gt qkhggegf ey gmt

mg` ythgdhrd qkhg omr `v`ru q`rymg' V` nhv` deoo`r`gt g``dy hgd hyqerhtemgy' Tney j`hgy tnht mpr

qkhggegf tmhrdy r`ter`j`gt jhu deoo`r ormj mg` hgmtn`r'

Yhvegf jmgù omr r`ter`j`gt tnrmpfn mg` mr hkk mo tn` hvhekhbk` r`ter`j`gt qkhggegf mqtemgy ey

tn` oeryt qkhi` tm ythrt' Jhgu `jqkmu`ry nhv` r`ter`j`gt qkhggegf mqtemgy hvhekhbk` tm tnèr`jqkmu``y' Ymj` imjqhge`y nhv` q`gyemg qkhgy+ mtn`ry nhv` jptphk opgdy qkhgy+ hgd ymj` nhv`

h imjbeghtemg mo bmtn' Tn`r` hr` deoo`r`gt tuq`y mo q`gyemg hgd jptphk opgdy qkhgy+ hgd ump

ynmpkd inìc etn umpr imjqhgu&y npjhg r`ympri` d`qhrtj`gt omr egomrjhtemg yqìeoei tm ump'

R`ter`j`gt Qkhggegf<

R`ter`j`gt qkhggegf ey h t`rj tnht rò`ry tm tn` hkkmihtemg mo oeghgiehk r`ympri`y tmhrdy

r`ter`j`gt hiimrdegf tm Hrjytrmgf .211>' Eg jmyt ihy`y tney yejqku j`hgy y`ttegf hyed` jmgù

mr mtn`r yejekhr hyy`ty omr tn` qprqmy`y mo imkkìtegf h kevegf egimj` mgi` ump&r` qhyt mrcegfhf`' Oeghgiehk egd`q`gd`gi` ey tn` fmhk mo r`ter`j`gt qkhggegf' Jmyt q`mqk` nmq` tm b` hbk` tm

yprvev` etnmpt mrcegf ht hkk+ ym tnht tnù ihg lpyt trhv`k mr yq`gd tej` etn ohjeku' F`ttegf tm

tney qmegt+ mo impry`+ thc`y ymj` tej` hgd h kmt mo htt`gtemg tm d`thek tnrmpfn tn` u`hry' F`ttegf

r`hdu tm r`ter` ey h qrmi`yy tnht ed`hkku ythrty hy `hrku hy qmyyebk` eg mg`&y mrcegf ihr``r'

Hkkmegf mpr egv`ytj`gty jmr` tej` tm `hrg omr py ey tn` b`yt hu tm bpekd mpr qmrtomkemy'

R`hdeg`yy tm R`ter`<

Tn` qrmi`yy mo qpttegf tmf`tn`r qkhgy tm r`ter` egvmkv`y tm bhyei qhrty' Tn` oeryt qhrt ey hyy`yyegfumpr r`hdeg`yy tm r`ter` fev`g tn` keo`ytuk` fmhky ump nhv` hgd tn` hf` ht nein ump nmq` tm r`ter`'

Tn` yìmgd ey tm imj` pq etn qmyyebk` hitemgy hgd dìeyemgy tm ejqrmv` umpr r`hdeg`yy hgd tm

f`t ikmy`r tm umpr fmhky' @v`ru hitemg ` thc` hy egv`ytmry tnrmpfn tn` u`hry hr` eg r`khtemg tm tney

rìpryev` qrmi`yy' Ed`hkku+ ` hr` hkhuy `vhkphtegf nm r`hdu ` hr` omr r`ter`j`gt hgd nm

`kk mpr qkhgy hr` qrmi``degf' Hgd jhcegf hdlpytj`gty tm tn`y` qkhgy hgd inhgfegf tn` impry`

mo mpr ytrht`fe`y hr` gmrjhk qhrty mo tn` qkhggegf qrmi`yy'



R`ter`j`gt qkhggegf ey gmt ymj`tnegf tnht ihg b` dmg` eg h dhu+ h ``c+ mr `v`g h jmgtn' Et ey

gmt hg `v`gt bpt rhtn`r h rìpryev` hgd iuikeihk qrmi`yy' Tn` b`yt qkhgy hr` tn` mg`y tnht qrmved`

`gmpfn ok`~ebeketu tm hkkm py tm jhc` inhgf`y hy tn` g``d omr dmegf ym bìmj`y `ved`gt'

Tm hine`v` tney cegd mo ok`~ebeketu hgd tm imj` mpt etn tn` b`yt y`re`y mo egv`ytj`gty tm n`kq ump

hine`v` umpr fmhky+ et ey fmmd tm mrc etn h r`ter`j`gt qkhgg`r tm jhc` tn` qrmi`yy yejqk`r hgdtm n`kq `~qmy` ump tm ed`hy hgd egv`ytj`gty ump jefnt gmt b` hhr` mo' R`ter`j`gt qkhggegf ihg

b` h deooeipkt hgd ymj`tej`y juyt`rempy qrmi`yy+ bpt qrmo`yyemghk qkhggegf ihg jhc` tn` qrmi`yy

h nmk` kmt yejqk`r'

Egv`ytmry nm eyn tm r`hin tnèr r`ter`j`gt fmhky g``d tm ythrt egv`ytegf hy `hrku hy tnù

qmyyebku ihg' F`ttegf egtm tn` jhrc`t `hrku fev`y umpr egv`ytj`gty jmr` tej` tm q`romrj hgd tm

`hrg egimj` omr ump' @ythbkeynegf h imgyeyt`gt qhtt`rg `hrku mg hkym n`kqy bpekd pq tn` qmrtomkem

ym tnht et ihg b`tt`r etnythgd dmgtprgy eg tn` jhrc`t' H kmgf t`rj egv`ytj`gt qhtt`rg

inhrhit`re|`d bu imgyeyt`giu j`hgy tn` egv`ytmr dm`y gmt nhv` tm r`ku mg kpic xpet` hy jpin eg

mrd`r tm r`hin tnèr oeghgiehk fmhky'

Y`ttegf R`hkeytei Fmhky omr R`ter`j`gt

Egv`ytmry nm hgt tm kev` imjomrthbku n`g tnù hr` tnrmpfn mrcegf g``d tm y`t r`hinhbk`

fmhky tnht hr` bhy`d mg tn` keo`ytuk` tnù nmq` tm nhv`+ gmt mg ymj`mg` `ky`&y omrjpkh mr

b`ginjhrc' Hot`r hkk+ et ey umpr keo` hgd gm mg` `ky`&y' B` nmg`yt hbmpt tn` hu ump nmq` tm kev`

hgd d`t`rjeg` nm jpin tn` keo`ytuk` ump hgt ekk imyt ump' Vmrc bhichrdy ormj tn`r` tm

ihkipkht` nm jpin ump&kk g``d tm yhv` eg mrd`r tm ypqqk`j`gt Ymiehk Yìpretu hgd hgu mtn`r

egimj` ump&v` fmt imjegf tm ump'

Hrjytrmgf .211> hy mo tn` ve` tnht mg` cù hyqìt mo r`ter`j`gt qkhggegf ey inmmyegf tn`

egv`ytj`gt v`neik`y ump ekk py` tm n`kq ump r`hin umpr oeghgiehk fmhky' Tn`r` hr` jhgu deoo`r`gt

cegdy mo egv`ytj`gty hvhekhbk` hgd deoo`r`gt mqqmrtpgete`y ekk hqq`hk tm deoo`r`gt q`mqk`' Bpt

418c hiimpgty hr` h fr`ht hu tm qpt jmgù hhu omr r`ter`j`gt' H 418c ey hg mqtemg tnht ynmpkd

hqq`hk tm lpyt hbmpt hgumg`' Jhcegf imgtrebptemgy tm tn`y` opgdy r`ypkty eg ejj`deht` hgd kmgf

t`rj th~ b`gòety' Tn` imgtrebptemgy tn`jy`kv`y hr` d`dpit`d ormj umpr th~hbk` egimj`+ hgd tn`

frmtn mg tn` hiimpgt ey th~ dò`rr`d pgtek etndrhhk' Qkpy jhgu mo tn`y` hiimpgty o`htpr`

jhtinegf imjqhgu imgtrebptemgy'

Egdevedphk r`ter`j`gt hiimpgty hkym moo`r fr`ht th~ hdvhgthf`y omr omkcy qkhggegf tm r`ter` dmg

tn` rmhd' H trhdetemghk ERH o`htpr`y th~ dò`rr`d frmtn+ j`hgegf tnht egv`ytmry qhu egimj`

th~`y mg tnèr fhegy pqmg etndrhhk' H Rmtn ERH ey deoo`r`gt eg tnht et dm`y gmt hkkm omr

d`dpitebk` imgtrebptemgy+ bpt mgi` imgtrebptemgy hr` eg tn` hiimpgt tnù hr` gm kmgf`r th~`d `v`g

ht etndrhhk' Fmmd r`ter`j`gt qkhggegf egvmkv`y inmmyegf tn` b`yt r`ter`j`gt v`neik`y omr tn`

fmhky ump nhv` hgd umpr ihqhbeketu tm egv`yt' Mg` rpk` mo tnpjb< `v`g eo et ey gmt umpr qrejhru

egv`ytj`gt+ thc` hdvhgthf` mo imjqhgu jhtin`d ERHy hgd 418c hiimpgty bu imgtrebptegf ht k`hyt

tn` jegejpj g``d`d tm ihqtpr` tnht imjqhgu jhtin' Tney ey or`` jmgù+ hgd or`` jmgù ey



qr`ttu nhrd tm tprg dmg n`g ` hr` qkhggegf omr h r`ter`j`gt tnht ekk qrmbhbku imyt jmr`

jmgù tnhg ` mpkd kec` tm hdjet'

Omipy mg Hyy`t Hkkmihtemg<

N`hktnu r`ter`j`gt qkhggegf d`q`gdy mg hyy`t hkkmihtemg rhtn`r tnhg mg tn` q`romrjhgi` mo mg`

yegfk` egv`ytj`gt' Omr tney r`hymg+ et ey fmmd tm yqr`hd umpr egv`ytj`gt ihqethk hrmpgd' Mo impry`+

egv`ytmry ynmpkd gmt f`t egtm oeghgiehk egv`ytj`gty lpyt omr tn` yhc` mo dev`ryeoeihtemg pgk`yy tnù

pgd`rythgd tn` egimj` hgd frmtn mblìtev`y mo tn` egv`ytj`gty hgd hr` imgoed`gt eg tnèr

qrmyqìty omr optpr` q`romrjhgi`' Tney qhrt mo r`ter`j`gt qkhggegf mot`g r`xper`y tn` n`kq mo h

qrmo`yyemghk' Jmyt mo py hr` gmt `~hitku `~q`rty eg r`ter`j`gt qkhggegf' Bpt `v`g eo ump dm f`t

ymj` n`kq ormj hg `~q`rt+ et dm`y gmt j`hg tnht ump nhv` tm yprr`gd`r imgtrmk mv`r umpr

qmrtomkem' Egdevedphky ihg mrc mpt tnèr mg hfr``j`gty etn oeghgiehk qkhgg`ry hy ohr hy

qmrtomkem imgtrmk ey imgi`rg`d' Bpt et dm`y qhu tm f`t n`kq etn qkhggegf'

Qrmo`yyemghk r`ter`j`gt qkhggegf y`rvei`y ihg n`kq egv`ytmry f`t egtm tn` refnt ytmicy' Mpt mo hkk

egv`ytj`gt tuq`y+ ytmicy nhv` tn` b`yt inhgi` neytmreihkku mo d`kev`regf h fmmd r`tprg mg

egv`ytj`gt mv`r kmgf q`remdy mo tej`' Ytmicy t`gd tm frm hn`hd mo tn` rht` mo egokhtemg+ j`hgegf

umpr fhegy jmr` tnhg mooy`t tn` dìkegegf vhkp` mo tn` dmkkhr mv`r tej`' F`ttegf n`kq etn

r`ter`j`gt qkhggegf ihg fev` egv`ytmry hg egyed` `df` mg fr`ht ytmic qeicy hgd yuyt`jhtei

egv`ytj`gt eg tn` jhrc`t'

Yjhrt Oeghgiehk Qkhggegf<

Yjhrt qkhggegf ekk ue`kd h imjqr`n`gyev` ytrht`fu omr yuyt`jhtei hgd deyieqkeg`d imgtrebptemg tm

opgdy d`yefg`d omr egimj`+ frmtn+ hgd kejet`d reyc `~qmypr`' Qrmo`yyemghk y`rvei`y ihg n`kq

imgypj`ry d`yefg tn` refnt qmrtomkem fev`g tnèr qhrteipkhr fmhky' R`ter`j`gt qkhggegf ey gm hkc

eg tn` qhrc+ bpt etn ymj` mrc tney qkhggegf ihg b` dmg` òoìtev`ku hgd etn ypii`yy'

Hg `~hjqk` mo oeghgiehk qkhggegf hot`r hg egv`ytmr nhy r`ter`d ey tn` ytrht`fu tm etndrh ormj

th~hbk` hiimpgty oeryt eg mrd`r tm k`t th~ yn`kt`r`d opgdy frm pgejq`d`d omr hy kmgf hy tnù

qmyyebku ihg' R`ter`j`gt qkhggegf eg ety `yy`gi` ey hg òomrt tm f`t jmr` jek`hf` mpt mo tn`jmgù ` nhv` tm egv`yt+ bmtn mg tn` hu eg hgd ht etndrhhk n`g ` r`ter`'

R`ter`j`gt qkhggegf ey h nmk` keo` ytrht`fu tnht egvmkv`y keo`ytuk` inmei`y eg tn` qr`y`gt tm n`kq

oeghgi` tn` optpr`' Hy ` f`t mkd`r tn` g``d omr deyieqkeg` eg tney hr`h bìmj`y jmr` hgd jmr`

hqqhr`gt' Tn` ey` mg`y hjmgf py hr` tnmy` nm thc` r`ter`j`gt qkhggegf y`rempyku nek` tnù

hr` ytekk umpgf+ fevegf tn`j h n`hd ythrt'



R`ter` ormj umpr lmb+ bpt gmt ormj keo`<

Ejhfeg` hcegf pq mg` jmrgegf etnmpt h lmb tm fm tm+ gmn`r` tm fm+ etnmpt h yin`dpk` tm

omkkm+ hgd etnmpt immrc`ry tm ynhr` tn` dhu etn' Et„y fmegf tm nhqq`g tm jmyt mo py+ eo et

nhyg„t hkr`hdu' Et ey ihkk`d r`ter`j`gt' Ey r`ter`j`gt h tej` tm r`lmei` mr h tej` tm r`fr`t=

Omr ymj`+ et ey h tej` tm r`lmei`+ omr tnèr lmb nhy b``g r`qkhi`d etn or``dmj' Or``dmj tm omkkm

tnèr n`hrt' Or``dmj tm yq`gd jmr` tej` mg tnèr nmbbe`y+ tm jhc` g` ore`gdy+ hgd tm omkkm

q`rymghk fmhky' Ypdd`gku tn`r` ey tej` tm ihtin pq mg tnmy` pgr`hd bmmcy+ egv`ytefht` tnmy`

pghgy`r`d xp`ytemgy+ hgd y`t mpt mg g` hdv`gtpr`y'

Eyg„t tn` ed`h mo nhvegf tn` tej` tm dm nht`v`r ump hgt `~ietegf= Gmt tm `v`rumg`' Hot`r hkk+

hgu khrf` hgd hbrpqt inhgf` ihg b` ytr`yyopk+ ym tnmy` ihpfnt pgqr`qhr`d jhu oegd tnèr kev`y

oekk`d etn freò egyt`hd mo lmu' Hktnmpfn jmyt q`mqk` qr`qhr` omr tnèr r`ter`j`gt oeghgiehkku+

jhgu nhv` gmt tnmpfnt hbmpt tn` qyuinmkmfeihk hgd keo`ytuk` inhgf`y tnù ekk ohi` n`g tnù

r`ter`' Tn` ymmg`r ` qr`qhr`+ tn` b`tt`r moo ` ekk b`' Q`rnhqy E ihg ynhr` ymj` ed`hy tm

imgyed`r'

R`ter`j`gt ey gmt h tej` tm b` edk`

Ymj` q`mqk` ihggmt het tm r`ter` hy tnù ihggmt yet hrmpgd dmegf gmtnegf' Bpt hot`r ye~ jmgtny

mo dmegf ym+ tnù `~q`re`gi` "r`ter`j`gt k`tdmg'" Ymj`+ eg ohit+ ekk yegc egtm h jhlmr

d`qr`yyemg' Vnu= Bìhpy` tnù gm kmgf`r `~q`re`gi` tn` j`hgegf+ inhkk`gf`y+ hgd opkoekkj`gt

tnht tnèr omrj`r lmb qrmved`d' Tn` mrcqkhi` nein py`d tm b` h yho`r qkhi` omr tn`j ey gm

kmgf`r tn`r`'

Ety oeg` tm r`ter` ormj umpr lmb+ bpt dmg„t r`ter` ormj keo`+ mr `ky` ump ekk `~q`re`gi` h k`tdmg'Ump g``d tm nhv` h r`hymg omr bègf n`r`+ h r`hymg tm hhc`g `v`ru jmrgegf' Hgd ump g``d

inhkk`gf`y tm ohi` ym ump ihg `~q`re`gi` veitmre`y'

Oeghkku+ eo ump kev` etn j`hgegf hgd inhkk`gf`y+ ump ekk b` opkoekk`d' Tnht ey+ ump ekk b` nhqqu'

Nm`v`r+ eo ump dm `~q`re`gi` ikegeihk d`qr`yyemg+ y``c hyyeythgi` ejj`deht`ku eo ormj yqìehkeyt



bòmr` et f`g`rht` egtm ymj`tnegf `ky` yegi` j`deihk n`kq ey hvhekhbk` hgd tnù ihg n`kq jhc`

umpr keo` mrtn kevegf mgi` hfheg'

Ump hr` gmt umpr lmb<

Vnu ey et tnht n`g ymj`mg` hycy py nht ` hr` hgd nht dm ` dm tnht ` hgy`r etn mpr

lmb tetk` hgd d`yireqtemg= Omr `~hjqk`+ ` jhu hgy`r+ "E„j hg `gfeg``r+ E bpekd bredf`y'" Et

dm`yg„t miipr tm py tm yhu+ "E„j h npjhg bègf hgd E `glmu keo`'" Eyg„t tnht nht ump hr`= H

npjhg bègf hgd gmt h lmb' Tney ekk n`kq qr`v`gt r`ter`j`gt k`tdmgy'

J`g mot`g ed`gteou etn tnèr lmby' Tn` jmr` tnù dm ym+ tn` jmr` tnù jhu `~q`re`gi` h kmyy mo

ed`gtetu ht r`ter`j`gt' Tnù o``k hy eo tnù nhv` b``g ytreqq`d mo tnèr ed`gtetu hgd rmbb`d mo tnèr

mrtn hgd qm`r' Bòmr`+ tnù `r` ymj`bmdu+ tnù mrtn ymj`tnegf' Gm+ tnù hr` gmbmdu+

gmtnegf' Tney q`ri`qtemg ihg b` v`ru qhegopk' Tnù g``d tm r`hke|` tnht tnèr lmb hy kec` h ypet

tnù mr`' Tnù hr` ytekk tn` yhj` q`mqk`3 tnù nhv` lpyt r`jmv`d tnèr ypet'

Tn` jhgu rmk`y omri`d mg mj`g hr`+ eg h y`gy`+ h bk`yyegf eg deyfpey`' Pyphkku+ tnù dmg„t

ed`gteou etn tnèr lmb bìhpy` tnù dmg„t nhv` mg` bpt jhgu lmby( Vn`g hyc`d nht tnù dm+

tnù ekk b` t`jqt`d tm yhu ymj`tnegf kec`+ "E„j hg hiimpgthgt+ jmtn`r+ immc+ nmpyìk`hg`r+ eo`

hgd kmv`r' Vnht hj E= E„j `~nhpyt`d'"

Tn` deoo`r`gi`y eg nm j`g hgd mj`g r`hit ht r`ter`j`gt hr` ytrecegf+ hy qmegt`d mpt bu

Qrmo`yymr Inrey Ynhrqkù mo Jmghyn Pgev`ryetu+ Hpytrhkeh' Hy tn` N`hd mo tn` I`gtr` omr Ytr`yyJhghf`j`gt hgd R`y`hrin+ n` hgd ney t`hj ompgd tnht j`g `~q`re`gi`d "r`ter`j`gt k`tdmg"

hot`r ye~ jmgtny+ nek` mj`g dedg„t `~q`re`gi` qrmbk`jy pgtek oev` u`hry hot`r r`ter`j`gt'

Hktnmpfn Qrmo`yymr Ynhrqkù dedg„t `~qkheg nu mj`g `~q`re`gi` qrmbk`jy oev` u`hry hot`r

r`teregf+ E ypyqìt et ey dp` tm `~i`yyev` d`jhgdy qkhi`d mg tn`j bu tnèr hfègf npybhgdy'

Ir`ht` h rmpteg`<

Hot`r mrcegf omr 91+ 41+ mr 01 u`hry+ ump nhv` frmg hiipytmj`d tm omkkmegf h rmpteg`' Tm

ypdd`gku ytmq dmegf ym ihg b` lhrregf' Et ey gmt mgku h jhtt`r mo bègf py`d tm omkkmegf hyin`dpk`+ bpt et ey h kh mo keo`' Dm`yg„t tn` ypg rey` hgd y`t hgd dmg„t tn` y`hymgy inhgf`

hiimrdegf tm h yin`dpk`= Vnht„y tn` qmegt mo f`ttegf pq eo ump dmg„t nhv` ymj`tnegf tm dm= Tm

kev` etnmpt h yin`dpk` ey tm kev` etnmpt tnegfy tm dm+ hgd tnht eyg„t kevegf+ et j`r`ku `~eyty' Ym+

qpkk mpt h q`g hgd h yn``t mo qhq`r hgd ir`ht` h yin`dpk`' Vn`g ump oekk umpr nmpry etn

hitevete`y+ ump hr` oekkegf umpry`ko etn keo`' Vetn ym jhgu tnegfy tm dm+ et„y `hyu tm ir`ht` h

``cku yin`dpk`' N`r`&y h yhjqkegf mo hitevete`y ump ihg imgyed`r<



• 8' _eyet tn` frhgdinekdr`g+ ohjeku j`jb`ry+ hgd ore`gdy'

• 2' @glmu tn` qk`hypr` mo y`rvegf tn` imjjpgetu hgd jhcegf g` ore`gdy' Bìmj` h

vmkpgt``r'

• 9' Lmeg h n`hktn ikpb mr lmeg ore`gdy eg thcegf h jhkk hkc'

• 4' Lmeg h ikpb+ hyymiehtemg+ mr frmpq'

• 0' Ipktevht` h ir`htev` nmbbu ypin hy `jbrmed`ru+ qhegtegf+ qnmtmfrhqnu+ mr qm`tru'

• ?' @grmkk eg hdpkt `dpihtemg mr mgkeg` .Egt`rg`t impry`y'

• 6' F`t eg tmpin etn ghtpr` hgd yqeretphketu'

• >' Ypqqk`j`gt umpr egimj` hgd r`gd`r y`rvei` etn h qhrt*tej` lmb'

• 5' Trhv`k .`v`g eo et„y lpyt tm hgmtn`r gèfnbmrnmmd%'

• 81' Vmrc mg tn` nmpy` hgd eg tn` fhrd`g'

• 88' K`hrg nm tm qkhu bredf`+ feg rpjju+ jhnlmgf+ in`yy+ bhicfhjjmg+ hgd mtn`r

fhj`y' K`hrg keg` dhgiegf+ mhr`+ fmko mr t`ggey'

B` qmyetev`<

R`j`jb`r tn` jhfeihk kh mo keo`< ump ekk oegd nht`v`r ump kmmc omr' Tn` fmmd g`y ey+ eo ump

kmmc omr mqqmrtpgete`y+ opg+ hgd ore`gdy+ ump ekk oegd tn`j' Tn` bhd g`y ey eo ump kmmc omr

tnegfy tm imjqkheg hbmpt+ f`t pqy`t mv`r+ mr f`t egdefghgt hbmpt+ ump ekk oegd tn`j tmm' Ym+ ythu

mpt mo tn` ynhd` bu omipyegf mg tn` brefnt yed`' Trpku+ ` ihggmt inmmy` nht ekk nhqq`g tm py+

bpt ` ihg inmmy` nm ` ekk r`yqmgd' V` ihg r`yqmgd eg h qmyetev` mr g`fhtev` jhgg`r' Tn`

inmei` ey mpry'

Q`rnhqy gm mg` hy jmr` hhr` mo tn` ejqmrthgi` mo inmei` tnhg tn` Hpytrehg Qyuinehtreyt+

_ectmr @' Orhgck+ nm de`d mg Y`qt`jb`r 2+ 8556' Hy h yprvevmr mo Hpyinet|+ n` nhd tm ohi`

pgejhfeghbk` nmrrmry+ u`t n` r`hke|`d tnht "`v`rutnegf ihg b` thc`g hhu ormj h jhg bpt mg`

tnegf< tn` khyt mo tn` npjhg or``dmjy ey tm inmmy` mg`y httetpd` eg hgu fev`g y`t mo

ieripjythgi`y+ tm inmmy` mg`„y mg hu'" N` inmy` tm imq`+ yprvev`+ hgd mv`rimj`' N` inmy` tm

r`lìt o`hr+ d`yqher+ hgd hg~e`tu' V` ihg inmmy` tm dm tn` yhj`'



Eo ` ihròpkku qkhg omr tn` vhihtemgy ` thc`+ ynmpkdg„t ` b` qkhggegf omr tn` beff`yt vhihtemg

mo hkk< mpr r`ter`j`gt= Mo impry`+ ymj` mo py hr` hkr`hdu nhvegf ym jpin opg ` g`v`r qkhg tm

r`ter`' Bmb Nmq` hgd F`mrf` Bprgy imj` tm jegd' Vnek` thcegf h br`hc ormj inmjqegf mg ney

iefhr+ F`mrf` yhed+ "R`ter`j`gt ht ye~tu*oev` ey redeipkmpy' Vn`g E hy ye~tu*oev`+ E ytekk nhd

qejqk`y'" Vn`tn`r ` xpet mrcegf mr gmt+ k`t„y gmt y`ttk` mg dreotegf eg h rev`r mo mrdeghru dhuy+

bpt k`t„y jhc` tn` r`jhegegf dhuy mo mpr kev`y `~trhmrdeghru mg`y' Hkk et thc`y tm dm tnht ey tn`

refnt j`gthk httetpd`'

TMQ 81 VHUY TM QR@QHR@ OMR R@TER@J@GT

Oeghgiehk yìpretu eg r`ter`j`gt dm`yg„t lpyt nhqq`g' Et thc`y qkhggegf hgd imjjetj`gt hgd+ u`y+

jmgù'

Qpttegf jmgù hhu omr r`ter`j`gt ey h nhbet ` ihg hkk kev` etn' R`j`jb`r tnht yhvegfy nekyt

mrcegf jhtt`ry h kmt n`g et imj`y tm j``tegf umpr oeghgiehk mbkefhtemgy dpregf r`ter`j`gt'

8' Ythrt yhvegf+ c``q yhvegf+ hgd yteic tm umpr fmhky

Eo ump hr` hkr`hdu yhvegf+ n`tn`r omr r`ter`j`gt mr hgmtn`r fmhk+ c``q fmegf mg+ et ey h brekkehgt

ed`h' Ump cgm tnht yhvegfy ey h r`hrdegf nhbet' Eo ump hr` gmt yhvegf+ et„y tej` tm f`t ythrt`d'

Ythrt yjhkk eo ump nhv` tm hgd tru tm egir`hy` tn` hjmpgt ump yhv` `hin jmgtn' Tn` ymmg`r ump

ythrt yhvegf+ tn` jmr` tej` umpr jmgù nhy tm frm' Jhc` yhvegf omr r`ter`j`gt h qremretu'

D`vey` h qkhg+ yteic tm et+ hgd y`t fmhky' R`j`jb`r+ et„y g`v`r tmm `hrku mr tmm kht` tm ythrt yhvegf'

2' Cgm umpr r`ter`j`gt g``dy

R`ter`j`gt ey `~q`gyev`' @~q`rty `ytejht` tnht ump ekk g``d hbmpt 61 q`ri`gt mo umpr

qr`r`ter`j`gt egimj` ’ km`r `hrg`ry+ 51 q`ri`gt mr jmr` ’ tm jhegtheg umpr ythgdhrd mo kevegf

n`g ump ytmq mrcegf' Thc` inhrf` mo umpr oeghgiehk optpr`' Tn` cù tm h yìpr` r`ter`j`gt ey tm

qkhg hn`hd' Ythrt bu r`xp`ytegf Yhvegfy Oetg`yy teqy ormj umpr `jqkmu`ry+ bhgc`ry hgd egyprhgi`

imjqhge`y' etj`gt hgd+ u`y+ jmgù

9' Imgtrebpt` tm umpr `jqkmu`r―y r`ter`j`gt yhvegfy qkhg

Eo umpr `jqkmu`r moo`ry h r`ter`j`gt yhvegfy qkhg+ ypin hy h YYGET qkhg hgd Qrmved`gt opgdy+

yefg pq hgd imgtrebpt` hkk ump ihg' Umpr th~`y ekk b` km`r+ umpr imjqhgu jhu ceic eg jmr`+

hgd hptmjhtei d`dpitemgy jhc` et `hyu' Mv`r tej`+ imjqmpgd egt`r`yt hgd th~ dò`rrhky jhc` h

bef deoo`r`gi` eg tn` hjmpgt ump ekk hiipjpkht`' Oegd mpt hbmpt umpr qkhg' Omr `~hjqk`+ nm

jpin mpkd ump g``d tm imgtrebpt` tm f`t tn` opkk `jqkmu`r imgtrebptemg hgd nm kmgf mpkd

ump g``d tm ythu eg tn` qkhg tm f`t tnht jmgù'



4' K`hrg hbmpt umpr `jqkmu`r&y q`gyemg qkhg

Eo umpr `jqkmu`r nhy h trhdetemghk q`gyemg qkhg+ inìc tm y`` eo ump hr` imv`r`d bu tn` qkhg hgd

pgd`rythgd nm et mrcy' Hyc omr hg egdevedphk b`gòet ytht`j`gt tm y`` nht umpr b`gòet ey

mrtn' Bòmr` ump inhgf` lmby+ oegd mpt nht ekk nhqq`g tm umpr q`gyemg b`gòet' K`hrg nht

b`gòety ump jhu nhv` ormj h qr`vempy `jqkmu`r' Oegd mpt eo ump ekk b` `gtetk`d tm b`gòety ormjumpr yqmpy`„y qkhg'

0' Imgyed`r bhyei egv`ytj`gt qregieqk`y

Nm ump yhv` ihg b` hy ejqmrthgt hy nm jpin ump yhv`' Egokhtemg hgd tn` tuq` mo egv`ytj`gty

ump jhc` qkhu ejqmrthgt rmk`y eg nm jpin ump„kk nhv` yhv`d ht r`ter`j`gt' Cgm nm umpr

yhvegfy mr q`gyemg qkhg ey egv`yt`d' K`hrg hbmpt umpr qkhg„y egv`ytj`gt mqtemgy hgd hyc

xp`ytemgy' Qpt umpr yhvegfy eg deoo`r`gt tuq`y mo egv`ytj`gty' Bu dev`ryeouegf tney hu+ ump hr`

jmr` kec`ku tm r`dpi` reyc hgd ejqrmv` mg umpr r`tprgy' Umpr egv`ytj`gt je~ jhu inhgf` mv`r

tej` d`q`gdegf mg h gpjb`r mo ohitmry ypin hy umpr hf`+ fmhky+ hgd oeghgiehk ieripjythgi`y'Oeghgiehk yìpretu hgd cgmk`df` fm nhgd eg nhgd'

?' Dmg&t tmpin umpr r`ter`j`gt yhvegfy

Eo ump etndrh umpr r`ter`j`gt yhvegfy gm+ ump ekk kmy` qregieqhk hgd egt`r`yt hgd ump jhu

kmy` th~ b`gòety mr nhv` tm qhu etndrhhk q`ghkte`y' Eo ump inhgf` lmby+ k`hv` umpr yhvegfy

egv`yt`d eg umpr iprr`gt r`ter`j`gt qkhg+ mr rmkk tn`j mv`r tm hg ERH mr umpr g` `jqkmu`r„y

qkhg'

6' Hyc umpr `jqkmu`r tm ythrt h qkhg

Eo umpr `jqkmu`r dm`yg„t moo`r h r`ter`j`gt qkhg+ ypff`yt tnht et ythrt mg`' Tn`r` hr` h gpjb`r mo

r`ter`j`gty yhvegf qkhg mqtemgy hvhekhbk`' Umpr `jqkmu`r jhu b` hbk` tm y`t pq h yejqkeoe`d qkhg

tnht ihg n`kq bmtn ump hgd umpr `jqkmu`r'

>' Qpt jmgù egtm hg Egdevedphk R`ter`j`gt Hiimpgt

Ump ihg qpt pq tm FN¢011 h u`hr egtm hg Egdevedphk R`ter`j`gt Hiimpgt .ERH3 ump ihg

imgtrebpt` `v`g jmr` eo ump hr` 01 mr mkd`r' Ump ihg hkym ythrt etn jpin k`yy' ERHy hkym qrmved`

th~ hdvhgthf`y'

Vn`g ump mq`g hg ERH+ ump nhv` tm mqtemgy ’ h trhdetemghk ERH mr h Rmtn ERH d`q`gdegf mgtn` impgtru n`r` ump hr`' Tn` th~ tr`htj`gt mo umpr imgtrebptemgy hgd etndrhhky ekk d`q`gd

mg nein mqtemg ump y`kìt' Hkym+ tn` hot`r*th~ vhkp` mo umpr etndrhhk ekk d`q`gd mg egokhtemg

hgd tn` tuq` mo ERH ump inmmy`' ERHy ihg qrmved` hg `hyu hu tm yhv`' Ump ihg y`t et pq ym tnht

hg hjmpgt ey hptmjhteihkku d`dpit`d ormj umpr inìcegf mr yhvegfy hiimpgt hgd d`qmyet`d eg tn`

ERH'



5' Oegd mpt hbmpt umpr Ymiehk Yìpretu b`gòety

Ymiehk Yìpretu qhuy b`gòety tnht hr` mg hv`rhf` `xphk tm hbmpt 41 q`ri`gt mo nht ump `hrg`d

bòmr` r`ter`j`gt' Ump ynmpkd rìèv` h Ymiehk Yìpretu Ytht`j`gt `hin u`hr tnht fev`y ump hg

`ytejht` mo nm jpin umpr b`gòet ekk b` hgd n`g ump ihg rìèv` et'

81' Hyc Xp`ytemgy

Vnek` tn`y` teqy hr` j`hgt tm qmegt ump eg tn` refnt derìtemg+ ump„kk g``d jmr` egomrjhtemg' Thkc

tm umpr `jqkmu`r+ umpr bhgc+ umpr pgemg+ mr h oeghgiehk hdvey`r' Hyc xp`ytemgy hgd jhc` ypr`

ump pgd`rythgd tn` hgy`ry' F`t qrhiteihk hdvei` hgd hit gm'

Mtn`r huy mo yhvegfy mpkd b` tm mq`g hg hiimpgt eg nein ump ihg `hrg nefn egt`r`yt+ bpt tnht

ump ihg&t tmpin pgtek ump hr` h i`rtheg hf`' Ymrt mo kec` h trpyt opgd omr umpry`ko' @ytejht` umpr

r`ter`j`gt hf` hgd ythrt qpttegf jmgù egtm hg hiimpgt tnht ump ihg&t etndrh jmgù ormj pgtek

ump hr` hbmpt ?1*?0 u`hry' Tney ey h fr`ht hu omr q`mqk` nm nhv` h nhrd tej` yhvegf tm yhv` h

oher hjmpgt mo jmgù omr r`ter`j`gt' Et ey hkym h yho`r b`t tnhg ytmicy' Vnek` ump ekk hgt tm

egv`yt jmgù ymj`n`r` hy `kk+ b` ypr` tm c``q ymj` jmgù pgtmpinhbk` n`r` ump ihg

d`qmyet jmgù hgd htin et frm' Kmmc omr bhgcy etn fr`ht egt`r`yt rht`y+ bpt hkym c``q umpr

ù` mg yhvegf eg th~*qrmtìt`d hiimpgty kec` ERHy hgd Qrmved`gt opgdy' Tney ekk n`kq tm r`dpi`

umpr th~ brhic`t hgd ytekk yhv` jmgù'

Tn` Ymiehk Yìpretu hgd Egyprhgi` Trpyt .YYGET rìmjj`gdy ump y`t h fmhk omr umpry`ko' Omr

`~hjqk` y`t hyed` 21*91 h qhuinìc+ mr nhv` h jmgtnku hjmpgt thc`g ormj umpr inìcegf

hiimpgt hgd qpt egtm umpr yhvegfy' Ump ihg hkym y`t pq qhurmkk d`dpitemgy omr yhvegf+ bpt eo ump

hgt tm c``q jmgù jhghfegf eg umpr mg nhgdy+ lpyt y`t pq inìcegf d`dpitemgy etn umpr

bhgc' Tnù ekk jmv` hg hjmpgt tm umpr yhvegfy `v`ru jmgtn mr ``c hy egytrpit`d hgd ump ekk

nhv` h nhyyk` or`` hu mo yhvegf jmgù' Bhr umpr inìc ihrd ormj tnht hiimpgt' Omr `~hjqk`+ eo

umpr yhvegfy ey hkk eg umpr yhvegfy hiimpgt kegc umpr inìc ihrd tm umpr inìcegf mgku ym tnht

ump&r` gmt t`jq`d tm qpkk jmgù ormj umpr yhvegfy'

Hgmtn`r fr`ht+ bpt bhyei yhvegfy teq ey tm `kejeght` ir`det ihrdy ypin hy tn` HTJ„y+ _eyh hgd @*

yetin ihrdy' Tn` egt`r`yt ump qhu mg ir`det ihrdy ey `gmrjmpy hgd ump hr` ypicegf hhu nhko mo

umpr yhvegfy lpyt bu qhuegf umpr ir`det ihrd egt`r`yt' Et r`hkku eyg&t mrtn et' Yetin tm pyegf ihyn

mr d`bet hot`r qhuegf moo umpr ir`det ihrdy' Eo ump hgt tm c``q mg` hrmpgd eg ihy` mo

`j`rf`gie`y+ c``q lpyt mg`' Py` tnht mg` mgku eo ump jpyt' Yhv` pq omr hgt`d et`jy mv`r tej`



dmg&t lpyt qpkk jmgù mpt mo tn` yhvegfy tm qprinhy` ymj`tnegf' Eo ump hgt h g` Qkhyjh

T`k`veyemg mr h QkhuYthtemg 9+ thc` jmgù mpt mo umpr qhuinìc `hin ``c eg yhvegfy omr tnht

et`j3 lpyt jhc` ypr` ump oeryt qpt umpr ``cku mr jmgtnku yhvegfy hhu'

Ihkipkht` omr umpr r`ter`j`gt

Tney ey hitphkku mg` mo tn` oeryt tnegfy ump nhv` tm dm' Inìc etn umpr bhgc`r mr hiimpgthgt omr

oeghgiehk egomrjhtemg r`fhrdegf ihkipkhtegf umpr r`ter`j`gt imyty' Jhgu q`mqk` pgd`r ihkipkht` et

ym jhc` ypr` ump hr` mg tn` jhrc n`g ump ihkipkht` nht ump&kk g``d omr r`ter`j`gt' Ump ekk

hkym g``d tm ihkipkht` n`hktn ihr` imyty'

Hiimrdegf tm Oed`ketu Egv`ytj`gty+ yegi` 2112 tn` hv`rhf` q`rymg ythrtegf r`ter`j`gt ekk g``d tm

qhu omr n`hktnihr` imyty' Omr 2116 tn` hv`rhf` impqk` ekk nhv` tm qhu hrmpgd FN¢280 omr

j`deihk imyty .Yhnhde+ 2116' Tney gpjb`r ey hyypjegf tn`r` ey gm `jqkmu`r imv`r`d n`hktn

imyty+ bpt n`hktn egyprhgi` ekk n`kq tney gpjb`r' Gmg`tn`k`yy+ et y``jy tnht r`ter`j`gt g``dy tm

b` ihròpkku qkhgg`d hgd hkk tnegfy thc`g egtm hiimpgt' Et y``jy kec` h khrf` thyc omr ymj`mg` hyumpgf hy 21 u`hry+ bpt et ynmpkd b` dmg`'

Lhic _hg D`rnè+ h T`jqk` Pgev`ryetu bpyeg`yy qrmo`yymr nhy d`v`kmq`d hgd ey d`v`kmqegf

fped`keg`y tnht ynmpkd b` thc`g egtm hiimpgt n`g qkhggegf omr r`teregf hgd nm jpin ump

ynmpkd yhv`' _hg D`rnè hdvey`y ump thc` umpr "qmt`gtehk n`hktn ireyey eg r`ter`j`gt+ kmgf`vetu

reycy+ egv`ytj`gt reycy+ yq`gdegf nhbety+ y`ttegf h yt`hdu ympri` mo egimj` tnrmpfn r`ter`j`gt+

nht ump jpyt yhv` tm hine`v` umpr r`ter`j`gt fmhky" .Yhnhde+ 2116'

Brhgdmg .211? hy mo tn` ve` tnht tn` kmgf`r ump het tm yhv` pq omr r`ter`j`gt+ tn` nhrd`r et

ekk b` tm yhv`' Egyt`hd mo bègf 21 hgd yhvegf 81*80 q`ri`gt mo umpr egimj`+ ht 90*41 ump ekk

nhv` tm ythrt yhvegf 20*91 q`ri`gt mo umpr egimj`+ ht 01 ump ekk nhv` tm yhv` `v`g jmr`'

Vhetegf jhc`y tnegfy jpin jmr` ytr`yyopk hgd deooeipkt ym dmg&t het omr tnht kmgf' Dmg&t het

pgtek r`ter`j`gt ey eg yefnt+ ythrt nek` ump hr` umpgf' Ythrt truegf tm c``q pq etn egv`ytj`gt

g`y+ oegd mpt hy jpin hy ump ihg hbmpt egv`ytj`gt hgd huy tm jhc` qhyyev` egimj`' Vnek`

ump jhu gmt nhv` tn` r`ympri`y tm egv`yt gm+ ump ekk ymj`n`r` dmg tn` keg`' Egv`ytj`gty+

bmgdy+ ytmicy+ nht`v`r ump inmmy` tn`y` hr` ejqmrthgt huy mo n`kqegf umpr r`ter`j`gt hkmgf ym

ythrt tnegcegf hbmpt tn`j hgd thkcegf tm bhgc`ry hgd egv`ytj`gt qrmo`yyemghky omr hdvei`' Et&yg`v`r tmm kht` tm ythrt yhvegf omr umpr r`ter`j`gt+ bpt `hrke`r ey b`tt`r'

Nhv` h R`yedphk Egimj`<



Tn`r` ey tn` g``d omr h qrmyqìtev` r`ter`` tm nhv` h r`yedphk egimj`' R`yedphk egimj` mpkd b`

dòeg`d hy tn` f`g`rhtemg mo egimj` bu h qhyyev` j`hgy' Hg `~hjqk` mo tney mpkd b` kec` bègf

h khgdkmrd hgd imkkìtegf r`gt+ ym kmgf hy ump nhv` t`ghgty ump nhv` h qhyyev` egimj`'

Jhgu qpt tnèr jmge`y bhic eg tn` trhdetemghk jptphk opgd etn tnèr `jqkmu`ry hgd tnht ey h

fr`ht k`hq omr r`ter`j`gt+ nm`v`r tn`r` hr` jhgu mtn`r tuq`y mo r`yedphk egimj` tnht ump ynmpkdimgyed`r' Omr egythgi` R`hk @ytht`+ Ytmic Jhrc`t+ Jptphk Opgdy+ hgd Vretegf hr` h o` fr`ht

`~hjqk`y' Dm gmt mv`rkmmc tnmpfn ERH&y hgd Bmgdy hr` fmmd+ nm`v`r+ tn`y` hr` gmt ikhyyeoe`d

hy r`yedphk egimj`+ bpt tnù ynmpkd b` qhrt mo `v`ru r`ter`j`gt qmrtomkem'

Nhv` h R`yedphk Egimj` etn Ytmic Jhrc`ty hgd Jptphk Opgdy

Jptphk Opgdy hgd Ytmic Jhrc`t hr` reycu hy hgu egv`ytj`gt ey+ bpt ihg fev` h ypbythgtehk r`tprg

mg umpr egv`ytj`gt' Jhgu egdevedphky dm gmt cgm tn` deoo`r`gi` b`t``g tn` tm' H jptphk

opgd ey n`r` umpr jmgù ey bègf qpt egtm h qmmk etn npgdr`dy q`rnhqy tnmpyhgdy mo mtn`ry+

tn`g egv`yt`d egtm ytmicy+ bmgdy+ hkmgf etn mtn`r yìprete`y' Ump mpkd b` hbk` tm dev`ryeou umprqmrtomkem tm h jpin nefn`r d`fr`` tnhg ump mpkd py` mgku umpr mg jmgù tney hu'

Hkhuy inìc nht tnèr g`t hyy`t vhkp` ey bòmr` egv`ytegf egtm tnht brmc`rhf`' Omr Ytmic

Jhrc`ty+ ump hr` pyegf umpr mg jmgù tm egv`yt+ bpt hkym nhy h jpin nefn`r r`tprg etn hg

hv`rhf` mo 81% frmtn q`r u`hr' Tm `hrg r`yedphk egimj` ump jpyt jhc` ypr` tnht ump hr`

egv`ytegf egtm h imjqhgu tnmpfn tnht qhuy deved`gdy' Tney ekk n`kq ump tm `hrg r`yedphk egimj`+

hy ump ekk `hrg tn` deved`gdy ht h xphrt`rku+ y`je hggphkku+ mr hggphk bhyey d`q`gdegf mg tn`

imjqhgu ump nhv` egv`yt`d egtm'

Nhv` h R`yedphk Egimj` etn R`hk @ytht`

R`hk @ytht` ey hgmtn`r fr`ht tuq` mo r`yedphk egimj`' Tney j`tnmd nm`v`r dm`y d`jhgd tn`

khrf`yt hjmpgt mo egetehk egv`ytj`gt' Tn`r` hr` huy tm br`hc egtm r`hk `ytht` tnmpfn etnmpt khrf`

ypjy mo jmgù lpyt kuegf hrmpgd umpr nmpy`' Ump ihg bpu in`hq nmpy`y tnht g``d ymj` mrc+

ètn`r ump dm et umpry`ko mr qhu ymj`mg` tm oe~ et pq tn`g r`gt et mpt' Nmpy`y ormj kec` ietu

hpitemgy+ yn`reoo hpitemgy+ nmj`y omr bhic th~`y ormj tn` ietu hr` h o` fr`ht huy tm f`t nmpy`y

omr jpin in`hq`r tnhg ump gmrjhkku impkd bpu tn`j omr nek` mgku r`xperegf kettk` tm gm r`qhery'

Tn` hu ump `hrg r`yedphk egimj` etn nmpy`y ey yejqk`+ r`gt et mpt tm tnmy` nm ihggmt hoomrd

tm bpu tnèr mg nmpy`' Ump hgt tm jhc` ypr` tnht tn` r`gt umpr inhrfegf ey `gmpfn tm imv`r

hgu jmrtfhf` qhuj`gty ump jhu nhv`+ nek` ytekk `hrgegf h g`t qrmoet ormj tn` qrmq`rtu' Hot`r

umpr jmrtfhf` ey qhed moo eg opkk tn`g tn` `gter` r`gt ey hkk qrmoet jegpy q`rnhqy ymj` jegmr

r`qhery q`remdeihkku' Tney tuq` mo r`yedphk egimj` ey mg` mo tn` jmyt qmqpkhr j`tnmdy hgd bpekdy

pq umpr hyy`ty tmhrd optpr` qrmq`rte`y' Umpr oeryt impqk` qrmq`rte`y tnmpfn ump ynmpkd lpyt yhv`



hgd bpu etn ihyn eo ump nhv` tn` hbeketu tm+ tnht hu tn` `gter` r`gt ey qrmoet+ hgd ump nhv` gm

jmrtfhf` ipttegf egtm umpr qrmoety'

R`ter`j`gt Qr`qhrhtemg Inìckeyt

8' Jhc` h omkd`r omr R`ter`j`gt'

Qkhggegf omr r`ter`j`gt r`xper`y fhtn`regf jhgu tuq`y mo dmipj`gty hgd egomrjhtemg ormj jhgu

ympri`y' Tn` rìmjj`gdhtemg ey tnht etn `hin g` qeì` mo egomrjhtemg ump hixper`+ ump c``q

et eg mg` i`gtrhk kmihtemg ypin hy h omkd`r' Tney ekk n`kq ump nhv` `hyu hii`yy tm et n`g tn` g``d

hrey`y'

2' Fhtn`r egomrjhtemg

Ump jhu b`feg bu r`xp`ytegf imqe`y mo tn` omkkmegf< ymiehk yìpretu imgtrebptemg ytht`j`gt mo

hiimpgty+ qrmved`gt hiimpgt ytht`j`gty+ jptphk opgd ytht`j`gty+ ytmicy hgd ynhr`y dmipj`gty

`ti'+ bpt ump jhu hkym hgt tm d`t`rjeg` eo tn`r` hr` y`jeghry mr egdevedphk imgo`r`gi`y

hvhekhbk`'

9' Imgthit hkk ympri`y tnht ekk nhv` h qhrt eg umpr r`ter`j`gt

Imgthit Npjhg R`ympri`-B`gòety mooei` ht umpr mrcqkhi` tm d`t`rjeg` eo

ump ekk b` `kefebk` omr hgu kpjq ypj+ vhihtemg mr yeic k`hv` qhuj`gty hgd

nm jpin yeic k`hv` ey hvhekhbk` tm b` egikpd`d eg umpr r`ter`j`gt .pgpy`d

hgd pgqhed yeic k`hv`'

R`ve` umpr bpdf`t hgd hgu iprr`gt mr optpr` d`bt tm y`` eo et mpkd nhv`

hgu òoìt mg umpr r`ter`j`gt'

4' D`t`rjeg` tn` b`yt tej` tm r`ter`'

• D`t`rjeg` nm jpin egimj` ump ekk g``d tm ypqqmrt umpr d`yer`d keo`ytuk` eg

r`ter`j`gt' Tn`r` hr` jhgu bmmcy hgd Egt`rg`t `byet`y etn egomrjhtemg mg nm tm `ytejht`

nht ump ekk g``d ht r`ter`j`gt'

• D`t`rjeg` n`g b`gòety ihg b`feg ormj hkk ympri`y'



D`t`rjeg` eo ump ekk g``d tm r`tprg tm `jqkmuj`gt hot`r r`ter`j`gt tm ypqqk`j`gt umpr egimj`'

• D`t`rjeg` nht+ eo hgu+ r`ytreitemgy hqqku ht tn` dht` ump inmmy` tm r`ter`'

• R`ve` `kefebeketu omr egyprhgi` b`gòety hgd d`t`rjeg` tn` imyt+ eo hgu+ omr Ytht` mo

Ekkegmey mr Imkk`f` Egyprhgi` qrmfrhj'

• R`ve` `kefebeketu omr J`deihr`'

0' Qr`qhr` tm r`ter`'

• Jhc` hgu qhuj`gty omr y`rvei` tnht ump hgt tm b` egikpd`d eg umpr r`ter`j`gt'

• Imgthit umpr Npjhg R`ympri`-B`gòety mooei` tm imjqk`t` hgu r`xper`d qhq`rmrc hgd

qrmved` gmteoeihtemg mo r`ter`j`gt'

• R`xp`yt hgd imjqk`t` R`ter`j`gt Hqqkeihtemg hgd Th~ Qhic`t'

• R`xp`yt hgd imjqk`t` hg hqqkeihtemg ormj mtn`r rìeqrmihk Fnhghehg qpbkei r`ter`j`gt

yuyt`jy+ eo hqqkeihbk`'

• R`xp`yt hgd imjqk`t` hgu r`xper`d qhq`rmrc omr hgu mtn`r egv`ytj`gty eo ump ekk b`

rìèvegf b`gòety ht tn` tej` ump r`ter`'

• R`xp`yt hgd imjqk`t` hgu r`xper`d Ymiehk Yìpretu qhq`rmrc eo ump ekk b` hqqkuegf omr

b`gòety'

?' C``q hg ù` mg Imgfr`yy+ tn` k`feykhtpr`+ hgd tn` imprty r`fhrdegf hgu kh inhgf`y hooìtegf

q`gyemg qkhgy'

6' R`ve` umpr oeghgi`y' Cgmegf n`r` ump ythgd ekk n`kq ump omipy mg n`r` ump hr`

n`hd`d' Eo ump hr` eg d`bt pq tm umpr `kbmy+ tn`g mbvempyku ump hr` gmt qr`qhr`d tm r`ter`' Refnt

gm+ y`t h q`rymghk bpdf`t hgd egikpd` ymj` hjmpgt omr r`ter`j`gt' Tm c``q tn` yhj` ythgdhrd

mo kevegf hot`r r`ter`j`gt+ tn`g ump ekk g``d b`t``g 61% hgd 51% mo umpr iprr`gt egimj`'

• R`ve` umpr iprr`gt g``dy hgd fmhky' Cgmegf nht ump qkhg tm dm ihg fev` ump ymj` ed`h mo

nht ump ekk g``d eg t`rjy mo jmgù hgd n`hktn' Ym n`tn`r ump qkhg tm trhv`k mr ythu nmj`

etn tn` frhgdcedy+ ythrt qkhggegf gm'



• D`v`kmq h n`hktnu keo`ytuk`' Tney ey tn` q`roìt tej` tm xpet yjmcegf hgd ythrt `~`rieyegf' Kmyegf

h o` qmpgdy ihg n`kq jhgu hfegf omkcy ythu n`hktne`r hgd c``q oett`r' Thkc tm umpr `jqkmu`r

hbmpt umpr r`ter`j`gt qkhg gm' Inìc tm y`` nht ump ihg imgtrebpt` hgd eo umpr `jqkmu`r

qrmved`y jhtinegf opgdy'

• Deyipyy vhrempy r`ter`j`gt qmyyebekete`y etn umpr yqmpy`' Pgd`rythgd `hin mtn`r„y qkhgy hgd

jhc` ypr` tnht ump nhv` hkk hqqrmqreht` k`fhk qhq`ry yefg`d'

• R`ve` umpr b`gòety hgd ymiehk yìpretu ytht`j`gt' Eo ump nhv` hgu xp`ytemgy+ ihkk tm nhv`

tn`j `~qkheg`d gm egyt`hd mo kht`r'

• Mq`g hg ERH' Ump ihg inìc etn umpr bhgc tm y`` eo ump hr` `kefebk` tm mq`g hg ERH hgd f`t

n`kq ump etn tn` qrmi`yy'

• Tnegc mo nm ump hgt tm yq`gd umpr tej`' Hot`r r`ter`j`gt+ ump jhu hgt tm thc` hgmtn`r lmb+

vmkpgt``r+ trhv`k+ mr nmbbu'

Tn`y` qr`qhrhtemgy omr r`ter`j`gt teqy mg f`ttegf qr`qhr`d mg„t fphrhgt`` tnht ump ekk b` r`hdu

omr r`ter`j`gt+ bpt et fev`y ump ymj` ypff`ytemgy mg jhcegf et `hye`r' Jhgu fr`ht ypii`yy`y eg

keo` ompgd tnèr trp` ihkkegf hot`r hf` ?1' R`ter`j`gt impkd egd``d b` mg` mo tn` b`yt hgd jmyt

qrmdpitev` qnhy`y mo umpr keo`'

Vnein Nmbbe`y Nhv` Fmg` G`fkìt`d=

Nmbbe`y hr` ymj`tnegf tnht ` g`v`r y``j tm nhv` `gmpfn tej` omr' Nm jhgu tej`y nhv` ump

n`hrd ymj`mg` jhc` tn` ytht`j`gt+ "E py`d tm dm tney hkk tn` tej` bpt dmg&t y``j tm nhv` tn` tej`

omr et hgujmr`"' Tn` xp`ytemg ey< nht nhy fmg` rmgf=

Ump ekk gm kmgf`r nhv` tm b` mg` mo tn` egdevedphky jhcegf tney ytht`j`gt' Tej` ey ymj`tnegf

tnht ey oeghkku hkk umpry hy ump `gt`r r`ter`j`gt(

Jhcegf h Deoo`r`gi` eg tn` Kev`y mo Mtn`ry



_mkpgt``r mrc ey ymj`tnegf tnht jhgu r`ter`d egdevedphky oegd v`ru r`hrdegf' Nmyqethky hr`

mg` qkhi` tnht ey hkhuy eg d`jhgd omr vmkpgt``ry' Tn` kmmc mo lmu mg h kettk` inekd&y ohi` hot`r

ump nhv` dmght`d hg hot`rgmmg tm tn`j ekk b` omr`v`r `jb`dd`d eg umpr jegd'

Tn` kmihk kettk` k`hfp` frmpqy hr` hkhuy eg d`jhgd omr `~trh vmkpgt``r n`kq' Tn`y` hr` lpyt h o`

mo tn` jhgu qkhi`y ump ihg oegd r`hrdegf hy h vmkpgt``r mrc`r'

Ump ekk xpeicku oegd tnht umpr keo` hot`r r`ter`j`gt ey bpye`r gm tnhg n`g ump `r`

mrcegf'''bpt eg h jpin jmr` r`hrdegf hu'

Yujqtmjy mo D`qr`yyemg

Qr`qhr` omr d`qr`yyemg dpregf r`ter`j`gt hy jhgu r`ter``y hr` kec`ku tm `gimpgt`r et' Gmt `v`rumg`

nm ey d`qr`yy`d mr jhgei `~q`re`gi`y `v`ru yujqtmj' Ymj` q`mqk` `~q`re`gi` h o`

yujqtmjy+ ymj` jhgu' Y`v`retu mo yujqtmjy vhre`y hjmgf egdevedphky hgd hkym vhre`y mv`rtej`'

• Q`ryeyt`gt yhd+ hg~empy+ mr `jqtu jmmd

• O``kegfy mo nmq`k`yyg`yy mr q`yyejeyj

• O``kegfy mo fpekt+ mrtnk`yyg`yy+ mr n`kqk`yyg`yy

• Kmyy mo egt`r`yt mr qk`hypr` eg nmbbe`y hgd hitevete`y tnht `r` mgi` `glmu`d+ egikpdegf

y`~

• Dìr`hy`d `g`rfu+ ohtefp`+ bègf "ykm`d dmg"

• Deooeipktu imgi`gtrhtegf+ r`j`jb`regf+ mr jhcegf dìeyemgy

• Egymjgeh+ `hrku jmrgegf hhc`gegf mr mv`ryk``qegf

• Hqq`tet` hgd-mr èfnt kmyy+ mr mv`r`htegf hgd èfnt fheg

• Tnmpfnty mo d`htn mr ypeied`+ ypeied` htt`jqty

• R`ytk`yyg`yy+ errethbeketu

• Q`ryeyt`gt qnuyeihk yujqtmjy tnht dm gmt r`yqmgd tm tr`htj`gt+ ypin hy n`hdhin`y+

def`ytev` deymrd`ry hgd inrmgei qheg

VNU UMP G@@D TM R@TER@



Oeryt mo hkk+ n`g mg` ey hkev` hgd hitev`+ nm ihg tn`r` b` r`ter`j`gt eg keo`= V` dey`gfhf` ormj

mg` ihr``r hgd `gfhf` eg deoo`r`gt qrmo`yyemg

tm r`jheg hitev` hgd nhqqu' Et ey mot`g xpmt`d tnht Yprf`mgy dmg&t r`ter` yegi` ètn`r tnèr nhgdy

hr` etinu mr tn` r`khtev`y hgd ney qhte`gty dmg&t hkkm tn`j tm r`ter` omr tnèr mg y`koeyn r`hymgy'

Ump nhv` hine`v`d jmyt mo umpr qrmo`yyemghk hjbetemgy hgd nhvegf umpr inekdr`g `kk y`ttk`d+

ump nhv` drhg h keg` mo imgt`gtj`gt hgd dìed`d tm qpryp` h deoo`r`gt keo` ytuk` hot`r imgvegiegf

umpr ohjeku hgd umpr frhtòpk ike`gty' Tney ey r`yqmgy` tm egg`r vmei` ihkkegf tm dm ymj`tnegf

deoo`r`gt ymj`nht deoo`r`gt omr ymj` u`hry gm' Et ekk thc` g`hrku 2 u`hry tm qkhg tm inmmy` h

deoo`r`gt keo` ytuk`' Ump nhv` inmy`g h deoo`r`gt keo` ytuk` `gfhfegf umpry`ko etn hfreipktpr` hgd

qrmjmtegf hitevete`y mo umpr jmtn`r„y trpyt+ `ythbkeynegf h y`gemr iete|`gy r`ter`j`gt nmj`+ dhu

ihr` i`gtr`+ hgd qmyyebku `ythbkeynegf h qr`* yinmmk' Umpr eyn ey hkym tm imgytrpit h or``

jhrrehf` nhkk ht umpr ghtev` qkhi`' Hghku|egf nht ump hr` fmegf tm jeyy mr kmmy` hgd nht ump

ythgd tm fheg hot`r inmmyegf h deoo`r`gt keo` ytuk`+ tn` fheg o`htpr`y yimr`d mv`r kmyy' K`t j`

ghrrht` nht tnù hr`'

VNHT UMP YTHGD TM JEYY .H Dmitmr%

Et ey jmr` mo h jeyy rhtn`r tnhg h kmmy`'

Oeryt mo hkk+ ump ekk jeyy umpr ike`gty hgd imkk`hfp`y' Tn` inhkk`gf` mo dehfgmyegf+ tn` tnrekk mo

mq`rhtegf+ hii`qtegf tn` frhtetpd` mo tn` ike`gty hgd imkk`hfp`y' Tn` yjekegf ohi` hgd tn` bmdu

khgfphf` yhu et hkk' Eg gm mtn`r qrmo`yyemg ihg mg` f`t ypin h n`hrto`kt frhtetpd`' Tney ihggmt b`

bmpfnt omr hgu qrei`'

Ump ekk jeyy umpr imkk`hfp`y hgd o`kkm dmitmry v`ru d`hrku' Tn` f`t tmf`tn`r+ `jeg`gi`y mo

fmmd mkd dhuy+ n`hktnu deyipyyemg+ n`kqegf nhgd pgd`r deooeipkt yetphtemgy ekk r`jheg fr``g eg

ju j`jmru'

Ump hr` hkym kec`ku tm jeyy tn` mqqmrtpgetu tm f`t `~qmy`d tm g``r d`v`kmqj`gty+ htt`gdegf

imgo`r`gi`y hgd y`jeghry `ti' Htt`gdegf imgo`r`gi`y ht deoo`r`gt iete`y ey hg mqqmrtpgetu tm j``t

mkd ore`gdy+ yqìehkeyt eg h inmy`g oe`kd+ hgd hkym yefnt*y`ègf tn` ejqmrthgt qkhi`y+ fmegf mg h

yhohre `ti' Tn`y` mpkd hkk b` bhdku jeyy`d

Vnht Ump Ihg&t Thc` Vetn Ump<



Ymj` r`ter``y nhv` tn` inmei` mo yq`gdegf hkk mo tnèr r`ter`j`gt yhvegfy eg imgtrmkk`d bpryty pgtek

d`htn mr k`hvegf ymj` b`negd omr tnèr nèry' Tney ey+ mo impry`+ h q`rymghk inmei` omr tnmy` nm

nhv` `gmpfn egv`ytj`gty tm hkkm tn`j tm kev` qpr`ku moo tnèr r`tprgy+ mr `gmpfn yhvegfy tm

oeghgi` tnèr r`ter`j`gt'

Nm`v`r+ gmt `v`rumg` nhy tnht ok`~ebeketu' Omr `~hjqk`+ eo ump mgku nhv` FN¢81+111 yhv`d hgd

ump g``d FN¢2+011 q`r u`hr tm imv`r kevegf `~q`gy`y+ ump nhv` h oeghgiehk dek`jjh `v`g eo ump

nhv` tney jmgù egv`yt`d ht h 81% rht` mo r`tprg' Eg ye~ u`hry+ umpr yhvegfy ekk b` fmg` hgd ump

ekk b` kòt ht tn` j`riu mo fmv`rgj`gt `kohr` qrmfrhjy' Mr ump jhu nhv` tm imgyed`r h

mrcegf r`ter`j`gt etn h imjqhgu yjhrt `gmpfn tm ner` jhtpr` hgd `~q`re`gi`d egdevedphky' Eo

ump tnegc tney ekk b` tn` ihy`+ et ey tej` tm ythrt h ytreit`r yhvegfy qrmfrhj'

Vetndrhhk Rht`<

Hyypjegf tnht ump nhv` dekef`gtku yhv`d hgd egv`yt`d omr umpr r`ter`j`gt+ ump ekk kec`ku oegd

umpry`ko etn h khrf` g`yt `ff' Tn` xp`ytemg ey+ nm jpin jmgù ihg ump thc` ormj umpr g`yt

`ff `hin u`hr etnmpt pyegf pq tn` qmt bòmr` tn` `gd mo umpr keo`tej`= Tn` b`yt hdvei` ey tm py`

mgku nht ump g``d tm dm nht ump hgt' Tn` `hrku u`hry mo r`ter`j`gt hr` f`g`rhkku tn` jmyt

hitev` hgd `~q`gyev` hy ohr hy trhv`k hgd nmbbe`y hr` imgi`rg`d'

Tn`y` hr` tn` u`hry n`g ump hr` jmyt kec`ku tm py` tn` jmyt mo umpr g`yt `ff' Eo ump deq tmm

d``q egtm umpr g`yt `ff+ nm`v`r+ ump jhu b` r`dpiegf umpr egimj` omr umpr kht`r u`hry+ eg

nein ump hr` kec`ku tm nhv` ymj` imytku j`deihk bekky mg tmq mo umpr r`fpkhr+ `v`rudhu`~q`gy`y' Tn`r` ey h t`gd`giu tm hyypj` tnht egv`ytj`gty ekk imgyeyt`gtku `hrg h r`tprg mo 81%+

j`hgegf tnht eo ump nhv` FN¢411+111 ymic`d hhu eg egv`ytj`gty+ ump ihg kmmc omrhrd tm

FN¢41+111 `v`ru u`hr etnmpt tmpinegf tn` bhy` egv`ytj`gt hjmpgt' Et jhu b` b`tt`r+ nm`v`r+

tm `rr mg tn` yed` mo ihptemg hgd hyypj` h r`tprg mo 4*?% * hbmpt tn` r`tprg mo h fmv`rgj`gt bmgd

* lpyt eg ihy` tn` jhrc`t nety h jpkte*u`hr ykpjq' Eo ump qkhg mg mgku drhegf mg tn` `hrgegfy mo

bmgdy+ tn`g ump ekk b` qk`hyhgtku yprqrey`d n`g tn` jhrc`t q`romrjy `kk hgd mgku ykefntku

nprt n`g et dm`yg&t'

Tn` fmhk+ hy etn hgu ytmic ykpjq+ ey tm het omr tn` jhrc`t tm r`bmpgd etnmpt nhvegf tm y`kk

umpr ytmicy ht h kmyy' Eo ump hr` ypoo`regf h keo`ytuk` yxp``|` ormj tn` ynmrtohkk hgd nhv` tm py`

umpr bhy` ihqethk+ ump ynmpkd ythrt bu ihynegf eg mg umpr oe~`d*egimj` egv`ytj`gty hgd fev` tn`

ytmicy hy jpin tej` hy ump ihg hoomrd tm rìmv`r'

Keo`ytuk` Inmei`y



Vnht ump hr` fmegf tm dm etn umpry`ko hgd nm jpin et ekk imyt= R`ter`d q`mqk` t`gd tm b`+ bu

vertp` mo h keo`tej` mo `~q`re`gi`+ v`ru fmmd ht c``qegf imyty pgd`r imgtrmk * tnht&y nm tnù `r`

hbk` tm yhv` `gmpfn tm r`ter`' C``qegf pq tney nhbet ey mg` mo tn` b`yt huy tm `gypr` h oeghgiehkku

ythbk` r`ter`j`gt' Ht tn` v`ru k`hyt+ ump ekk hgt tm c``q h rìmrd mo umpr `~q`gy`y tm y`` eo umpr

`~q`gdetpr`y hr` jmr` mr k`yy tnhg ump `~qìt`d' Ump ynmpkd hqqrmhin kp~pre`y+ ypin hy h irpey`

mr h g` y`t mo fmko ikpby+ hy oeghgiehk mblìtev`y hgd y`` eo ump ihg oegd huy tm yhv` jmgù omr

tnmy` et`jy bu ipttegf dmg mg h jmgtnku `~q`gy` mr oegdegf hgmtn`r ympri` mo oeghgiegf rhtn`r

tnhg lpyt deqqegf egtm umpr r`ter`j`gt g`yt `ff'

Jmr` ejqmrthgtku+ ump ynmpkd c``q trhic mo n`tn`r ump hr` dmegf tn` tnegfy ump hgt tm+ rhtn`r

tnhg tn` tnegfy ump hgt`d tm' Ymj` r`ter``y nm hr` `~qìt`d tm b` trhv`kegf hrmpgd tn` mrkd

jhu oegd tn`jy`kv`y hinegf omr nmj` hot`r tnèr oeryt treq3 mtn`ry nm qkhgg`d mg mq`rhtegf h

nmbbu ohrj jhu ihtin tn` trhv`k bpf'

H Q`rymghk frmtn dm`y gmt ytmq ht hf` ?0+ ym ump jhu oegd umpr keo`ytuk` fmhky inhgfegf hot`r

r`ter`j`gt hgd ump ynmpkd b` qr`qhr`d tm hdlpyt umpr oeghgi`y tm hiimjjmdht` ypin inhgf`y'

Tney jhu j`hg thcegf h ihkipkht`d reyc hgd pyegf h yefgeoeihgt inpgc mo jmgù tm `hrg umpr

yipbh devegf i`rteoeiht` nek` ump nhv` tn` k`fy omr et+ opkku r`hke|egf tnht et jhu j`hg fevegf pq

ymj`tnegf `ky` ump nhd qkhgg`d omr tn` optpr`'

R`dpi` egimj`< Dpregf umpr hitev` qrmo`yyemghk keo` ump nhv` `glmu`d i`rtheg kp~pre`y hgdjht`rehkeytei `hktn' Vetn r`dpi`d egimj` hot`r r`ter`j`gt ump ynmpkd tnegc tei` bòmr` bpuegf

tnegfy nein hr` gmt bhyei gì`yyete`y' Tn`g tnht ekk hjmpgt tm rmbbegf umpr mg bhgc hiimpgt'

Ump jefnt nhv` yhv`d `gmpfn `hktn omr umpr optpr` keo` ym ump dmg„t g``d tm d`q`gd mg umpr

inekdr`g'

Ump ynmpkd hkym thc` j`deihk*ikhej qmkeiu tm thc` ihr` mo hgu optpr` n`hktn qrmbk`j'

Ump hr` opkku hhr` tnht nht`v`r ump jeyy ihg g`v`r b` r`fheg`d' E nhv` qmgd`r`d mv`r tn`y`

qmegty omr h kmgf tej`' Tn` kmgf`r tn` tej` E tmmc+ tn` qeitpr` `j`rf`d ik`hr tnht E ekk b``~q`re`giegf tn` yhj` b`gòety hgd imgthity jpin kec` ju `hrke`r u`hry' Ump hr` hkhuy

r`jegd`d mo tn` fmkd`g mrdy mo KMRD BPDNH tnht< ‐npjhg bertn ey hy rhr` hy h jmrgegf

ythr‟' Ump hr` hkym opkku hhr` tnht ump ekk gmt b` ihkk`d pq omr h yìmgd mqegemg+ mr hdvey` hgd

ykmku tn` ejhf` ump nhv` `ythbkeyn`d hy hg `jqkmu`` ekk ohd` hhu' Hot`r h fr`ht

imgt`jqkhtemg+ ump ynmpkd dìed` tm y``c h deoo`r`gt keo` ytuk` n`r` ump ekk b` hbk` tm hgy`r

hgu egg`r vmei`'



Gm et ey tej` omr ump tm drh h keg` mo imgt`gtj`gt r`fhrdegf qrmo`yyemghk keo`' Hkk tn`y` u`hry

ump nhv` kev`d omr umpr inekdr`g hgd ike`gty hgd gm et ey tej` tm kev` omr umpry`ko hgd omr

umpry`ko mgku'

Ymj` mo tn` nhqqe`yt r`ter``y hr` tn` mg`y nm g`v`r trpku r`ter`' Eg imgtrhyt tm tn` ed`h mo

kèypr`ku ytrmkky hgd `gdk`yy fmko fhj`y+ tn`r` ey frmegf gpjb`r mo r`ter``y nm inmmy` tm mrc

hot`r r`hinegf r`ter`j`gt hf`' Tnèr r`ter`j`gt hkkmy tn`j tm oegd hg `jmtemghkku opkoekkegf lmb

tnht jhub` hyg&t hg mqtemg n`g tnù nhd h ohjeku tm ypqqmrt' Et hkym hkkmy tn`j tm jhc`

imggìtemgy eg h ed`gegf ymiehk ierik`'

B`yed`y n`kqegf tm imjbht tm mo tn` jhlmr ihpy`y mo d`qr`yyemg eg y`gemry * eymkhtemg hgd khic

mo jmtevhtemg * mrcegf hot`r r`ter`j`gt qrmved`y h ympri` mo egimj` tnht hpfj`gty egv`ytj`gt

egimj`' Eo ump oegd h lmb ump kmv` hgd mrc dpregf umpr r`ter`j`gt u`hry+ tn` oeghgiehk hyqìt mo

umpr r`ter`j`gt qkhggegf ekk b` jpin `hye`r'

Hktnmpfn umpr keo`ytuk` jhu inhgf` n`g ump r`ter`+ tn` opgdhj`gthky mo q`rymghk oeghgi` dm

gmt' Ump ekk ytekk g``d tm qr`qhr` h bpdf`t+ imgtrmk umpr `~q`gy`y hgd jmgetmr tn` rht` ht nein

ump hr` pyegf pq umpr r`y`rv`y' Eo ump nhv` tn` fpjqtemg+ ump ynmpkd ytekk hqqrmhin kp~pre`y etn

tn` egt`gtemg mo ètn`r yhvegf omr tn`j mr oegdegf mtn`r ympri`y mo egimj`' Tn` vethk tnegf ey tm

r`hke|` tnht+ `v`g eo r`ter`j`gt ey tn` `gd mo umpr mrcegf keo`+ et ey gmt tn` `gd mo umpr oeghgiehk

keo`' Ump ytekk g``d tm c``q umpr bmmcy+ lpyt kec` ump ytekk g``d tm `ht+ yk``q hgd dr`hj'

NMV TM R@TER@ VETN IMGOED@GI@

Yihr`d mo Keo` Hot`r R`ter`j`gt=

"Vnht&y g`~t" ey tn` iru mo jhgu bmmj`ry hy tnù tnegc hbmpt tnèr optpr`y bìhpy` tnù hr`

yihr`d mo keo` hot`r r`ter`j`gt' Mg` mjhg yhed tnht yn` hy t`rreoe`d mo r`ter`j`gt' "Vnht ekk E

dm=" Hgmtn`r jhg impkd gmt het tm r`ter`' N` hy hg egv`ytefhtev` r`qmrt`r bpt nhd hkhuy

dr`hj`d mo tprgegf ney nmbbu+ hrt+ egtm ymj`tnegf y`rempy' Bpt tn`r` hr` y`v`rhk tn`j`y< ymj` hr`

yihr`d mo tn` optpr`+ mo jmgù rpggegf mpt+ mo tn` qmyyebeketu mo bìmjegf ihr`thc`ry hgd gmt

nhvegf h qprqmy` hgu kmgf`r3 mtn`ry hr` `~iet`d hbmpt g` mqqmrtpgete`y hgd g` qkhgy'

Tn` fmmd g`y ey tnht bmmj`ry nhv` mqtemgy' Tnht ey+ n`tn`r tnù hgt tm imgtegp`d etn nhttnù `r` dmegf+ tru ymj`tnegf gmv`k+ y`hrin omr h g` qhtn+ r`kh~ hgd k`t keo` `j`rf`+ ythu

egvmkv`d bpt hy h yqìthtmr+ mr r`tr`ht tm tn` impin' Tn`r` ey gm yegfk` qhtn tnht oety hkk ye|`y+ qhtny

ihg b` imjbeg`d+ hgd qhtny ihg hgd ekk inhgf` mv`r tej`'



Bhy`d mg ju egt`rve`y hgd omipy frmpqy+ E deyimv`r`d tnht bmmj`ry hr` ir`htev` hy tnù inhrt

g` qhtny omr tn`jy`kv`y' E ed`gteoe`d ye~ jheg tuq`y mo bmmj`ry hy tnù fm hbmpt f`ttegf h g`

keo` hot`r r`teregf ormj tnèr jheg ihr``r'

IMGTEGP@RY imgtegp` tm py` `~eytegf ycekky hgd egt`r`yty+ bu jmdeouegf tn`j tm oet r`ter`j`gt'

H r`ter`d qrmo`yymr imgtegp`y tm ret` bmmcy hgd fev` yq`ìn`y'

HD_@GTPR@RY y`` r`ter`j`gt hy hg mqqmrtpgetu tm ythrt g` `gd`hvmry' H r`y`hrin`r omr h

imgfr`yyemghk imjjett`` bìhj` h jhyyhf` tn`rhqeyt'

Y@HRIN@RY `~qkmr` g` mqtemgy tnrmpfn trehk hgd `rrmr' Lmhg `gt mg y`v`rhk bmhrdy+

vmkpgt``r`d omr y`v`rhk mrfhge|htemgy hy yn` tre`d tm oefpr` mpt nht tm dm etn tn` r`yt mo n`r keo`'

@HYU FKED@RY `glmu pgyin`dpk`d tej` k`ttegf `hin dhu pgomkd' Hy mg` r`ter`d bhgc t`kk`r

yhed+ "E mrc`d hkk ju keo`' Et ey gm ju tej` tm lpyt inekk mpt'"

EG_MK_@D YQ@ITHTMRY< ump ihr` d``qku hbmpt tn` mrkd+ bpt `gfhf` eg k`yy hitev` huy' H

jpy`pj iprhtmr ytekk omkkmy tn` hrt mrkd bpt gm kmgf`r mrcy eg et'

R@TR@HT@RY thc` tej` mpt mr dey`gfhf` ormj keo`' Omr ymj`+ tney ey hg mqqmrtpgetu tm tnegc

xpe`tku hbmpt tn` optpr`3 omr mtn`ry et ey h r`tr`ht ormj keo` k`hdegf tm d`qr`yyemg'

Hr` ump ymj`mg` nm nhy `glmu`d tn` yìpretu mo nhvegf h r`fpkhr mrc rmpteg` omr jhgu u`hry=

Eo ym ump jhu oegd tn` qrmyqìt mo r`ter`j`gt hgd tn` kmyy mo tnht yìpretu hgd rmpteg` ymj`nht

dhpgtegf hgd b` o``kegf khicegf eg imgoed`gi` eg nm ump ekk imq` etnmpt tn`y` qhtt`rgy tm

umpr dhuy'

R`yt hyypr`d+ ump ihg fheg eg umpr y`ko imgoed`gi` hy ump mrfhge|` umpry`ko hgd umpr dhuy `v`g eo

ht oeryt ump o``k hy tnmpfn ump mg„t b` hbk` tm dm ym' R`ter`j`gt ey h mgd`ropk mqqmrtpgetu tm

dm ym jhgu tnegfy nein ump dedg„t nhv` tn` tej` mr q`rnhqy tn` egikeghtemg tm dm nek` ump

`r` bpyeku mrcegf'



Y`t umpry`ko fmhky<

Vn`g ump nhv` ymj`tnegf tm mrc tmhrdy etn+ umpr imgoed`gi` egir`hy`y' Tney jhu b` f`ttegf

hy qrmlìt imjqk`t`d ht nmj` tnht ump„v` b``g pghbk` tm dm nek` bpyu ht mrc' Y`t umpry`ko

ètn`r h tej`*orhj` `hin dhu tm mrc mg et mr hg hjmpgt tm imjqk`t` `hin dhu ym tnht ump ihg

`~q`re`gi` tn` thyc bègf imjqk`t`d' Tn`r` ey gm dmpbt tnht mrcegf tm h d`hdkeg`+ `v`g eo tney eyy`ko*ejqmy`d+ rhtn`r tnhg bmyy ejqmy`d+ ekk `ghbk` ump tm imjqk`t` kmgf pgimjqk`t`d thycy'

Deyimv`r g` hitevete`y<

Ump nhv` hkk umpr qr`vempy mrc oekk`d nmpry tm oekk `hin dhu+ ym dmg„t yet hrmpgd nmqegf

ymj`tnegf ekk hrrev` eg umpr khq' Egyt`hd b` mq`g tm g` `~q`re`gi`y hgd tru g` tnegfy'

R`ter`j`gt ey h tej` tm d`v`kmq g` nmbbe`y' Ump jefnt nhv` hkhuy hgt`d tm k`hrg h khgfphf`+

mr yegf mr qkhu h jpyeihk egytrpj`gt' Hy ump dm g` tnegfy hgd fm egtm tn`j etn h qmyetev`

egt`gtemg mo k`hrgegf umpr imgoed`gi` ekk egir`hy` hgd umpr mptkmmc hgd `glmuj`gt mo keo` ekk

ymhr'

Dm tnegfy etn mtn`r q`mqk`<

Ump jhu b` jeyyegf tn` ihjhrhd`re` mo tn` mrcqkhi`+ tn` inht hgd tn` ynhregf mo lmc`y tnht

`gt mg `hin dhu etn kec`jegd`d q`mqk`' Pgomrtpght`ku+ n`g ump„v` kòt mrc ump jhu gmt

ynhr` yejekhr `~q`re`gi`y etn tnmy` q`mqk` hgu jmr`' Ym nek` et„y fmmd tm jhegtheg mkd

ore`gdyneqy ymiehkku+ et„y hkym ejqmrthgt tm ed`g umpr ierik` mo ore`gdy bu oegdegf hitevete`y ump

`glmu hgd yq`gdegf tej` etn mtn`ry nm glmu tn` yhj` tnegfy' Hktnmpfn ump jhu o``k g`rvmpy

ht oeryt bìhpy` tn` mtn`ry y``j tm b` `~q`rty ht nht ump hr` k`hrgegf hy h gìmj`r+ tnù ekk

`glmu `~qkhegegf tnegfy tm ump hgd bu ym dmegf ump hgd tnù ihg bìmj` b`tt`r hixphegt`d'

OE_@ VHUY TM JHGHF@ UMPR TEJ@ EG R@TER@J@GT

Et ihg b` h inhkk`gf` n`g ump r`ter` tm jhghf` tej` òoìtev`ku' Tej` jhghf`j`gt nein jhu

nhv` b``g h imgythgt ympri` mo ytr`yy n`g ump `r` mrcegf ihg ytekk b` hg eyyp` n`g ump gm

kmgf`r nhv` tm fm tm mrc' Tn` inhkk`gf` eg r`ter`j`gt ey pyegf umpr tej` òoìtev`ku hgd thcegfhdvhgthf` mo tn` g` mqqmrtpgete`y hvhekhbk` tm ump'

8' F`t red mo tn` errethtegf thycy

Eo ump nhv` b``g yhuegf tm umpry`ko omr u`hry tnht n`g ump r`ter` ump mpkd f`t kmty mo kettk` lmby

dmg`+ tn`g b`feg tm tnegc hbmpt et' Ym ètn`r yq`gd h o` dhuy dmegf lpyt tnht mr d`yefght` h y`t mo



tej` `hin dhu pgtek tnù hr` dmg` hgd dpyt`d' Dmg„t k`t tn`j thc` mv`r hkk umpr tej`< tn`r` hr` ym

jhgu g` tnegfy ump impkd b` dmegf gm egyt`hd'

2' B` jmr` mrfhge|`d

Eo ump oegd umpry`ko okettegf ormj mg` thyc tm hgmtn`r tnrmpfnmpt tn` dhu tn`g ump ekk b`gòetormj dmegf tnegfy jmr` òoeie`gtku' Dm yejekhr thycy tmf`tn`r ym ump dmg„t nhv` tm r`q`ht

lmprgùy n`tn`r tn`y` hr` egyed` mr mptyed`'

9' F`t red mo ikptt`r

Vn`g ump r`ter`+ r`j`jb`r ump hr` `gt`regf h g` ythf` eg umpr keo`+ h tej` tm r`*hyy`yy hgd r`*

frmpq hgd tnegc bhic mv`r umpr keo` hgd omrhrd tm tn` r`yt mo et' Et„y h fr`ht tej` tm ymrt mpt nht

ump hgt tm c``q hgd ik`hr mpt pghgt`d hgd pggì`yyhru ikptt`r' Ump ekk oegd tnht ik`hregf

qnuyeihk yqhi` ekk hkym ik`hr `jmtemghk ikptt`r tmm'

4' Inmmy` nm ump yq`gd umpr dhu

Vetnmpt tn` rmpteg` mo mrc+ ump nhv` tn` inhgi` tm jhc` jmr` inmei`y+ `yqìehkku eg tn` hu

ump hgt tm py` `hin dhu' Tney jhu egikpd` jmr` egvmkv`j`gt etn ore`gdy hgd ohjeku+ q`rnhqy

kmmcegf hot`r hgd glmuegf tn` imjqhgu mo frhgdinekdr`g' B` ik`hr hbmpt umpr bmpgdhre`y3

nm`v`r hbmpt nm jpin ump ekk dm'

0' Inmmy` etn nmj ump yq`gd tej`

Ump nhv` h inmei` tmm+ hbmpt nmj tm yq`gd umpr tej` etn' Et„y `hyu tm f`t egtm hg mgfmegf

nhbet mo+ omr `~hjqk`+ ore`gdy veyet ump tn`g tnù egvet` ump bhic hgd ym mg hd egoegetpj' Eo ump

`glmu`d tnèr imjqhgu+ tn`g tnht„y oeg`' Mg tn` mtn`r nhgd eo ump dr`hd y`ègf tn`j hgd dmg„t

`glmu tnèr imjqhgu tn`g lpyt yhu ‖gm„ hgd ytmq' Inmmy` tm yq`gd tej` etn ore`gdy hgd ohjeku

omr tnèr fmmd imjqhgu' Dmg„t omrf`t et„y hkym ejqmrthgt tm yq`gd ymj` tej` etn umpry`ko+ dmegf

nht`v`r et ey tnht ump `glmu hgd etnmpt nhvegf tm hdhqt tm mtn`ry'

Tn` q`ri`qtemg mo r`ter`j`gt<

R`ter`j`gt ey h mrd tnht nhy tm deytegit hgd dev`rf`gt j`hgegfy d`q`gdegf pqmg tn`

q`ri`qtemg mo tn` q`rymg nm nhy lpyt r`hin`d tney yefgeoeihgt jek`ytmg` eg tnèr keo`' Ymj` ekk

imgyed`r et tm yefghk tn` `gd mo tn` pyòpk hgd `glmuhbk` qhrt mo tnèr kev`y' Mot`g q`mqk` etn tney

ve` mo r`ter`j`gt ekk ve` r`ter`j`gt hy yejqku h q`remd dpregf nein tnù ekk b` &hetegf omr



Fmd'& Tnmy` eg tney qmyetemg hr` kec`ku tm bìmj` egir`hyegfku jmr` d`qr`yy`d hgd jmrmy` hy tn`

r`ter`j`gt u`hry rmk` mg' Mg` mo tn` jhlmr inhgf`y tnht nhqq`g hy ` r`hin r`ter`j`gt hf` ey tnht

tn` ytrpitpr` mo mpr ymiehk keo` ey kec`ku tm inhgf`' Tn` mrc `gvermgj`gt+ n`r` ` mpkd j`t

etn q`mqk` `v`ru dhu ey gm fmg`' Tm jhgu et y``jy tnht et ey r`qkhi`d bu nht ihg y``j kec`

kmgf dhuy n`r` ` ekk j``t nhrdku h ympk+ `~i`qt q`rnhqy omr tn` g`~t dmmr gèfnbmr mr tn`

kmihk ynmqc``q`r+ bmtn mo nm hr` mot`g tmm bpyu tm yq`gd tn` tej` egt`rhitegf etn py eg tn` hu

tnht mpr omrj`r mrc imkk`hfp`y mpkd'

Mot`g tnmy` omrj`r mrc imkk`hfp`y ekk nhv` jmv`d mg' V` hr` gm kmgf`r qhrtu tm tn` mrc

fmyyeq mr tn` inhgf`y bègf jhd` eg tn` mrcqkhi` hgd tn`ròmr` tn` ore`gdyneq ` mgi` nhd etn

tn`j t`gdy tm dreot'

Tn` yhj` deythgi` ihg hkym miipr etn ikmy` ohjeku j`jb`ry+ `yqìehkku mpr inekdr`g+ n`g `

r`ter`' Tn` opg hgd khpfnt`r mo inekdr`g ey mot`g imgyqeipmpy bu ety hby`gi` eg tn` nmj` mo tn``kd`rku q`rymg' V` hgt tn`j tm veyet mot`g bpt d``q dmg ` ekk b` hhr` tnht tney ey gmt

qmyyebk`' Tnù nhv` tnèr mg bpyu mrc+ yinmmk hgd ymiehk kev`y tm kev` hgd oettegf eg veyety tm

tn` `kd`rku r`khtev` jhu bìmj` egir`hyegfku deooeipkt+ gm jhtt`r nm `kk*j`hgegf tnù hr`'

Jhcegf tn` refnt inmei` omr `glmuj`gt

Ym nht dm ` dm= Nm dm ump jhc` tn` refnt inmei` tnht ekk gmt hooìt ump= Dm ` ynpt

mpry`kv`y hhu etn mgku tn` T_+ rhdem mr g`yqhq`r omr imjqhgu+ bìmjegf egir`hyegfku

d`qr`yy`d hy ` het omr tn` cgmic mg tn` dmmr hgd oegd Fmd ey tn`r` egvetegf py tm thc` h g`

lmprgù= Tn` hgy`r ey gm( V` m` et tm mpry`kv`y+ hy `kk hy tm Fmd omr tnht jhtt`r+ tm `glmu hkk

mo tn` `~q`re`gi`y tnht ` ihg eg keo`+ err`yqìtev` mo hf`' Eg ohit tn` r`ter`j`gt u`hry jhc` tnht

jmr` qmyyebk`+ bìhpy` ` nhv` tej` mg mpr nhgdy hgd hr` gmt hgy`rhbk` tm hgumg`'

Tney hptnmr mpkd hrfp` tnht r`ter`j`gt ey tn` cù tm tn` mq`gegf mo h g` dmmr gmt yejqku tn`

ikmyegf mo hg mkd mg` etn r`fr`t' Keo` hot`r r`ter`j`gt ihg hgd ynmpkd b` `glmuhbk`' Hkk mg`

g``dy tm dm ey tm b` qmyetev` hgd thc` tn` gì`yyhru yt`qy tm `gypr` tnù `~q`re`gi` tn` `glmuj`gt

hgd tnht tn` tekefnt u`hry ihg moo`r tm tn` opkk+ hgd tn`r` hr` jhgu mqqmrtpgetu omr tn`y`

`~q`re`gi`y ht tney ythf` mo mpr keo` iuik`'

Tn` mqqmrtpgete`y

Jhcegf g` ore`gdy hot`r r`ter`j`gt ey gmt deooeipkt' Tn`r` hr` qk`gtu mo kmihk ymiehk ikpby+ ymj`

yejqku rpg bu r`ter`d q`mqk` hgd mtn`ry mq`rht`d bu mrfhge|htemgy ypin hy kmihk inprin`y' Bu

lmegegf tn`y` `kd`rku hgd r`ter`d q`mqk` ump mpkd b` hbk` tm yq`gd ymj` mo umpr `~i`yy tej` eg

tn` imjqhgu mo q`mqk` nm nhv` tn` yhj` egt`r`yty' Omr `~hjqk`+ tn`y` ikpby impkd b` hrrhgfegf

trhv`k mr mtn`r omrjy mo mptegfy+ ypin hy kmihk hkcy mr thkcy+ nein hkkmy r`ter`j`gt tm b` oekk`d



etn g` `~q`re`gi`y hgd hdv`gtpr`y' Yejekhrku+ tn`r` hr` yqmrty hgd `~`riey` ikpby tnht `kimj`

r`ter`d q`mqk` egtm tnèr j`jb`ryneq' Omr egythgi`+ irmg fr``g bmkegf ey h yqmrt tnht hqq`hky tm

jhgu r`ter`d q`mqk` eg tn` PC hgd+ eg hddetemg tm tn` imjq`tetev` ghtpr` mo tn` yqmrt ety`ko3 et hkym

hkkmy tn`j tm ir`ht` h ymiehk keo` etn g` ore`gdy'

Omr tnmy` nm qrò`r jmr` y`dht` hitevete`y+ r`ter`j`gt hkym qrmved`y tn` mqqmrtpgetu mo qprypegf

h nmbbu mr egt`r`yt tnht jhub` nhd tm b` qpt mg nmkd nek` tnù `r` mrcegf mr bregfegf pq tn`

ohjeku' Tn`y` jefnt egikpd` hrt+ jmd`k jhcegf+ retegf mr `v`g q`romrjegf' Oprtn`rjmr`+ tney

`~q`re`gi` ihg b` jhd` `v`g jmr` r`hrdegf bu ynhregf et etn mtn`ry ht tn` kmihk nmbbu ikpb'

R`ter`j`gt * gmt tn` `gd bpt h g` inhqt`r

Keo` ihg i`rthegku b` `glmuhbk` hot`r r`ter`j`gt hgd+ eo tn` r`ter`d q`rymg bìmj`y ejj`ry`d eg

tn` hitevete`y+ hgd `~q`re`gi`y tnù nhv` dìed`d tm qpryp`+ ym et mpkd b` omr tn`j+ rhtn`r tnhg

tnèr omrj`r ore`gdy hgd ohjeku+ nm ekk nhv` tm b` imgypktegf tnèr dehru tm y`` eo tnù ihg oet eg

h veyet' Vnm cgmy+ bu hdmqtegf tney hqqrmhin jhub` `v`g Fmd ekk g``d tm het h o` dhuy

kmgf`r+ nein ump hr` ypr` n` ekk gmt jegd'

KEO@ HOT@R R@TER@J@GT

Vmrc ey mot`g h irpiehk qhrt mo mpr ed`gtetu+ bpt Q`t`r Ormffhtt ompgd mpt n`g n` ytmqq`d

mrcegf tnht n` nhd b``g h ykhv` tm qrmi`dpr` rhtn`r tnhg qprqmy`

H omrj`r Ineò @~ìptev` Mooei`r mo mg` mo tn` jmyt qr`ytefempy imjqhge`y eg Fnhgh ynhr`d ney`~q`re`gi`y' N` yhed< Eg 84 jmgtny E ekk b` >1 u`hry' E r`ter`d 28 u`hry hfm ormj ju opkk tej`

qmyetemg hy Ineò @~ìptev` Mooei`r' T`g u`hry hy kmgf `gmpfn mg tnht `v`r yt``q`r tr`hdjekk+

hgd E tmmc h r`dpi`d q`gyemg hgd `gt`r`d tn` o``*`hrgegf jhrc`t+ hy E ytekk nhd h ohjeku tm

ypqqmrt' E fhv` pq tn` o``*`hrgegf mrkd ht 60+ n`g E impkdg„t oegd hgumg` ytekk ekkegf tm qhu

j`' Yegi` tn`g E nhv` imgtegp`d etn tn` fmmd mrcy tnht nhv` hkhuy b``g qhrt mo ju mrcegf

qmrtomkem hgd tn` pyphk qrevek`f`y hgd inmr`y tnht ohkk tm qrmo`yyemghky qpt mpt tm frhyy< qrmdpiegf

bmmc r`ve`y+ egvet`d kìtpr`y+ hgd imgt`gt*or`` hrteik`y mg tmqeiy ypin hy ‐Vnetn`r j`deieg`=‟

Kev` h Q`hiòpk Keo` hot`r R`ter`j`gt

Yhvegf hgd r`ter`j`gt qkhggegf thc`y pq mg`*tnerd mo h q`rymg&y keo`' Tm `gypr` imgtegp`d

oeghgiehk yìpretu hgd or``dmj+ ` ythrt qkhggegf eg tn` `hrku u`hry'



Eg mrd`r tm kev` h nhyyk` or`` r`ter`d keo`+ ` ynmpkd qkhg eg hdvhgi` yegi` ump ihggmt t`kk nht tn`

optpr` nmkdy omr ump' Vnek` eg y`rvei`+ ` ythrt qkhggegf ym tnht keo` hot`r r`ter`j`gt ynmpkd b`

`~ikpyev`ku hy q`r mpr qrò`r`gi`' Qkhggegf eg hdvhgi` r`dpi`y tn` qr`yypr` mg oeghgi`y ht h kht`r

ythf` hgd `ghbk`y mg` tm hej omr hg ed`hk r`ter`j`gt yi`ghrem' Tm hii`qt r`ter`j`gt nmk`*

n`hrt`dku ey gmt hg `hyu thyc' Tn` yìr`t tm mv`rimjegf tn` r`ter`j`gt bkp`y ey tm r`jheg hitev`'

Eo ump eyn tm `glmu `v`ru jmj`gt mo kev` hot`r r`ter`j`gt+ tn`g oeghgiehk qkhggegf ey `yy`gtehk'

R`fpkhr yhvegfy+ hyy`ty+ egv`ytj`gty+ hgd tn` kpjq ypj jmgù ` f`t ht tn` tej` mo r`ter`j`gt

hgd q`gyemg impkd fev` py h y`gy` mo oeghgiehk yìpretu' J`deihk `~q`gy`y hr` fmegf pq dhu bu

dhu' V` g``d tm yhv` jmgù omr optpr` j`deihk `~q`gy`y' Vetn hf` imj`y fr`ht`r reyc mo

dey`hy`y' Bkmmd qr`yypr`+ ihrdehi qrmbk`jy+ dehb`t`y+ lmegt qhegy+ cedgù egoìtemgy+ ihgi`r hgd

tpb`ripkmyey hr` ymj` mo tn` imjjmg dey`hy`y tnht f`g`rhkku hooìt y`gemr iete|`gy' V` ynmpkd

`gimprhf` h bhkhgi`d keo`ytuk` bu thcegf bhkhgi`d de`t+ r`fpkhr `~`riey`y hgd fmmd yk``q'

Keo` hot`r r`ter`j`gt nhy deoo`r`gt j`hgegfy omr deoo`r`gt q`mqk`

Ymj` q`mqk` yq`gd tn` khyt o` mo tnèr mrcegf u`hry egv`ytegf omr r`ter`j`gt+ hgteieqhtegf tn`

bef dhu hgd hitphkku impgtegf dmg tn` jmgtny hgd `v`g dhuy'

Mtn`ry+ mg tn` mtn`r nhgd+ dr`hd r`ter`j`gt bìhpy` tnù hr` v`ru pgi`rtheg hy tm nht r`ter`j`gt

nhy tm moo`r tn`j'

E hj n`r` tm t`kk ump keo` hot`r r`ter`j`gt ihg b` tn` fr`ht`yt tej` mo umpr keo`'

Umpr tej` eg r`ter`j`gt trpku ihg b` tn` "fmkd`g u`hry" ump nhv` n`hrd ym jpin hbmpt hkk umpr

keo`'

Kht`r Keo` Mqqmrtpgete`y

R`ter`j`gt moo`ry ump ym jhgu mqqmrtpgete`y tnht `r` qr`vempyku pghvhekhbk` tm ump' Vn`tn`r

et&y nmbbe`y+ trhv`k+ ohjeku+ vmkpgt``r mrc mr lpyt r`kh~egf+ tn` inmei`y hr` umpry'

Dmg&t jhc` tn` jeythc` ym jhgu mtn`r r`ter`d egdevedphky jhc` hgd oegd tn`jy`kv`y edk` etn tn`

dhuy kmgf hgd nhrd tm oekk' Tney mot`g k`hdy tm h o``kegf mo bègf pgqrmdpitev`+ bmr`d hgd

d`qr`yy`d' Umpr r`ter`j`gt u`hry ihg b` oekk`d etn hitevete`y hgd `v`gty+ eo ump ym inmmy`'

Ey et Oeghkku Tej` tm Trhv`k=

Trhv`kegf ey ymj`tnegf tnht hkjmyt `v`rumg` dr`hjy hbmpt dpregf tnèr mrcegf u`hry'



@etn`r tnù dmg„t nhv` tn` jmgù omr tnèr d`yer`d treq mr tnù dmg&t nhv` tn` tej`' Eg jmyt ihy`y+

et&y tn` tej` tnù khic bìhpy` tnù&r` mgku `gtetk`d tm h o` ``cy„ vhihtemg q`r u`hr' Vetn

ohjeku mbkefhtemgy hgd `v`gty+ vhihtemgy hr` mot`g py`d pq dmegf tnegfy mtn`r tnhg trhv`kegf'

Tney ekk gm kmgf`r b` tn` ihy` eg umpr keo` mo r`ter`j`gt' Ump dmg&t nhv` tm fm mg hg `~q`gyev`

vhihtemg tnht ekk oeghgiehkku drheg ump tm nhv` h fr`ht tej`' Tn`r` hr` jhgu irpey`y hvhekhbkòrmj mg`*dhu irpey`y tm tm ``cy mr kmgf`r' Ump ekk b` yprqrey`d tm oegd mpt gmt mgku nm

jpin opg tnù hr` bpt hkym nm hoomrdhbk`'

Trhv`k hf`gie`y moo`r jhgu imjqk`t` vhihtemg qhichf`y fmegf hkk mv`r tn` mrkd' Tnù moo`r

yqìehk qrei`y eo ump j``t i`rtheg iret`reh kec` qr`*bmmcegf mr fmegf mg yqìeoei dht`y hgd tej`y'

Ump ekk hkym b` qk`hyhgtku yprqrey`d ht tn` jhgu Y`gemr Iete|`g deyimpgty hvhekhbk` tm ump'

Jhgu mrfhge|htemgy hr` d`yefg`d tm n`kq tn` r`ter`d egdevedphk etn tnèr g` keo` mo r`ter`j`gt'

Gm tnht ump nhv` hkk tney `~trh tej` mg umpr nhgdy+ ump ihg qkhg umpr vhihtemg omr hgu tej` ump

hgt'

Imgyed`r Ymj` mo tn` Omkkmegf Oeghgiehk Hyqìty tm Qkhg h Q`hiòpk Keo` Hot`r

R`ter`j`gt<

Egokhtemg< Egir`hy` eg kevegf imyty ihg y`v`r`ku hooìt umpr ythgdhrd mo kevegf' Ump g``d tm

jhegtheg h dev`ryeoe`d qmrtomkem eg umpr r`ter`j`gt u`hry'

N`hktn Ihr` eyyp`y< N`hktn ihr` imyty ihg imgypj` pq tm 21% mo umpr qmyt*r`ter`j`gt egimj`'

Imgyed`r qprinhyegf kmgf*t`rj n`hktn ihr` egyprhgi` tm hvmed ihthytrmqnei j`deihk `~q`gy`y'

Ump ihg yefg pq etn qrevht` n`hktn egyprhgi` yin`j`y mr ytht` mg`d jptphk n`hktn egyprhgi`

yin`j`y hy ` nhv` eg Fnhgh'

R`ter`j`gt Qkhg Deytrebptemgy< F`g`rhkku h yefgeoeihgt ynhr` mo umpr r`ter`j`gt egimj` ekk

qrmbhbku imj` ormj hg `jqkmu`r qkhgy hgd mr ormj mtn`r r`ter`j`gt qkhgy ypin hy qrmved`gt

opgdy `ti'+ ym ump g``d tm b` ohjekehr etn tn` rpk`y hgd th~ imgyed`rhtemgy imgi`rgegf

etndrhhky'

Oeghgiehk qkhggegf< Fhtn`r egomrjhtemg hbmpt umpr egv`ytj`gty+ ympri`y mo egimj`+ n`hktn

egyprhgi` yetphtemg+ hgteieqht`d jhlmr `~q`gy`y tm inìc eo ump nhv` hiipjpkht`d `gmpfn tm

f`g`rht` tn` egimj` ytr`hj ump ekk g``d qmyt r`ter`j`gt'



Mg h kefnt`r gmt`+ lmeg r`ter`j`gt imjjpgete`y+ r`hd bmmcy+ mrc ormj nmj`+ veyet qkhi`y hgd

yq`gd xphketu tej` omr yqeretphk kevegf' V` ihggmt d`gu tn` ohit tnht r`ter`j`gt ir`ht`y h vhippj

tnht ey mot`g omkkm`d bu d`qr`yyemg' Tru tm mrc ormj nmj` mr egvmkv` umpry`ko eg qhrt tej` lmby

mr eg vmkpgthru y`rvei` hitevete`y mr d`v`kmq nmbbe`y' B` h qhrt mo g`tmrcegf yet`y hy ` gm

nhv` h kmt mo ymiehk hgd r`kefempy yet`y hgd ythrt egt`rhitegf etn q`mqk` mo umpr inmei`'

Hii`qt trhgyetemg hgd tn` `jmtemgy hyymieht`d etn et+ tm n`kq `hy` ump tnrmpfn tn` qrmi`yy'

Qkhggegf eg hdvhgi` ihg jhc` umpr keo` yejqk` hgd nhyyk` or`` hot`r r`ter`j`gt'

Tn` Ytht` Egyprhgi` Imjqhgu .YEI% nhv` tney tm yhu< ‐V` hr` qmqpkhtegf mpr keyt mo r`ter`j`gt

qrmo`yyemghky hgd r`ympri`y `v`rudhu ym tnht ump ihg oegd tnegfy kec` r`ter`j`gt yhvegfy qkhgy+

r`ter`j`gt nmj`y+ r`ter`j`gt imjjpgete`y hgd `v`g tn` opg ytpoo kec` y`gemr„y trhv`k d`hky+ tnegfy

tm dm mgi` ump r`ter`+ vmkpgt``r mqqmrtpgete`y+ huy tm jhc` `~trh jmgù nek` r`ter`d hgd

jpin+ jpin jmr`' V` nhv` et hkk imv`r`d ym tnht ump ihg yq`gd k`yy tej` rpggegf hrmpgd truegf

tm oegd hkk mo tn`y` tnegfy umpry`ko‟' B` ypr` tm inìc bhic eg r`fpkhrku hy ` imgtegp` tm hdd g`

r`ympri`y `v`rudhu ym tnht ump ihg jhc` r`ter`j`gt h br``|`(

H omrj`r Ineò @~ìptev` Mooei`r eg Fnhgh ynhr`y ney tnmpfnt mg tn` omkkmegf ypb*tmqeiy'

Hdlpytegf tm inhgf`

N` yhed tn` oeryt tm ynmicy mo r`ter`j`gt `r` `gter`ku qr`deithbk`' Omr 81 u`hry ju eo`+ omprinekdr`g+ hgd E nhd hkkm`d eg tn` dmj`ytei kp~pru mo mg` mo tn` frhgd`yt jhgyemgy eg Hiirh*

@hyt K`fmg+ etn yqhiempy fhrd`gy+ tnr`` opkk tej` fhrd`g`ry+ tm khc`y+ hgd h bmhtnmpy`' Vetn

tney ihj` h inhpoo`pr drev`g kejmpyeg`+ f`g`rmpy nmyqethketu hkkmhgi`+ dmj`ytei n`kqy+ oeryt

ikhyy bpyeg`yy trhv`k+ hgd hkk tn` mtn`r trhqqegfy tnht `r` imgyed`r`d `yy`gtehk tm tn` keo` mo h

I'@'M'

Gm E hy pgi`r`jmgempyku dpjq`d mg tn` yed`hkc hgd nhd tm r`deyimv`r tn` dmpbtopk lmuy mo

ìmgmju ikhyy okefnty+ op`kkegf hgd qhrcegf ju mg ihr+ hgd bpuegf ju mg dregcy' Vmryt mo hkk+E nhd tm r`*`gt`r tn` nmpyegf jhrc`t+ hktnmpfn omrtpght`ku tney hy d`qr`yy`d ht tn` tej` megf tm

Hiirh„y kettk` deooeipkte`y' Bpuegf h ohjeku nmpy` eg h yho` hr`h tmmc hkk ju th~*or`` ‐kpjq ypj‟

hgd etn et `gt tn` mrkd irpey`y+ tn` nmkedhu nmpy`+ hgd hkk tnmy` mtn`r kettk` qkhgy omr h keo` mg

`hyu ytr``t'

Tn` yìmgd ynmic nhd hkym b``g omr`y``g+ bpt eghd`xpht`ku' Ht tn` mrcqkhi`+ E nhd tnr``

q`rymghk hyyeythgty+ oev` opkk tej` yìr`thre`y+ gpj`rmpy hyymrt`d jegemgy egnhbetegf rmmjy opkk mo



v`ru ghytu imgdetemgy — fhytrei ihgi`r .E nhd egdef`ytemg+ jmtmr g`prmg` dey`hy` .E nhd ymj`

jpyipkhr tetinegf+ kpgf ihgi`r .E nhd h ròrhitmru impfn+ pgyqìeoe`d bpt nefnku jhkefghgt

brheg tpjmr .E nhd ymj` n`hdhin`y+ hgd+ ghtprhkku+ imrmghru hrt`ru dey`hy` .E nhd in`yt qhegy

hkjmyt tm mrd`r' Ju mgku trepjqn mv`r tn` dehfgmytei ycekky mo tn` kmihk qrmo`yyemg hy h

ròrhitmru qheg*ipj*y`gyhtemg eg ju nhrd qhkht` hgd qmyt`remr ghr`y+ pgcgmg tm hgu t`~tbmmc+

hgd nein khyt`d omr mv`r h u`hr' E hy n`hdegf omr ymj` j`deihk Fpegg`yy Bmmc mo Rìmrdy

n`g E ypdd`gku fmt teggetpy — mrdeghru+ pgekht`rhk+ gmg*qrmfr`yyev` teggetpy' Ht mgi` hkk tn` mtn`r

yujqtmjy deyhqq`hr`d hy ymj` qhrt mo ju brheg gm n``k`d ykmku rmpgd kec` hg mkd bhttk`yneq

tm j``t tn` inhkk`gf` mo tney g` `g`ju' Oeot``g u`hry kht`r+ E ytekk nhv` tn` teggetpy+ bpt k kmmc mg

et b`gefgku hy h pyòpk eo ymj`tej`y hggmuegf dòehgi` `gypregf tnht tn` mtn`r yujqtmjy hr` n`kd

ht bhu'

Vnu E nhd d`v`kmq`d tn`y` yujqtmjy hy gmt mbvempy tm j`' Bpt ju eo` yh tnegfy etn n`r

ipytmjhru ikhretu' ‐Kmmc+‟ yn` yhed+ ‐ump„v` fmt umpry`ko egtm h kmy`*kmy` yetphtemg' Ump ètn`r

mrc nhrd`r tm thc` umpr jegd moo tn` yujqtmjy+ nein mgku egdy ump pq jmr` hgd jhc`y tn`

yujqtmjy mry`+ mr ump `hy` pq kec` tn` dmitmry t`kk ump tm dm hgd tnht fev`y ump h fpektu

imgyie`gi`+ nein hkym jhc`y tn` yujqtmjy mry`' Ump tnegc tnht ump ynmpkd b` hbk` tm fm mg

mrcegf hy ump ded hgd hkym tnht ump jpyt fm mg mrcegf hy ump ded'‟

@v`rutnegf gm ikeic`d egtm qkhi`' E impkd hkc qhyt tn` mrcqkhi` etnmpt h bhichrd fkhgi`

bìhpy` et hy tn` rnutnj hgd nhbet mo ju mrc tn`r` tnht hy tn` J`qneytmqn`k`y tm nmj E

nhd ymkd ju ympk' Et hyg„t tn` egytetptemg hgd et hyg„t tn` imgt`gt mo tn` mr c' E hy kec` mg` mo

tn` brmmjyteicy eg tn` ‐Tn` Ymri`r`r„y Hqqr`gtei`‟ eg Vhkt Deygù„y Ohgthyeh+ nein+ kec` `kk

drekk`d ymkde`ry+ jìnhgeihkku hgd eg`~mrhbku ihrre`d tn` bpic`ty mo ht`r tnht jegdk`yyku

okmmd`d tn` rmmj' Ym n`g E r`ter`d E imgtegp`d tm y`rv` tn` pgr`jettegf jhyt`r mo mrc nhbet

hgd rnutnj tm tn` qmegt mo qyuinmymjhtei deytprbhgi` dp` tm r`dpi`d g`rvmpy r`ympri`y tm d`hk

etn tn`j+ hgd imgtrhreey` eo E dedg„t y`rv` tney jhyt`r nmk`n`hrt`dku tn`g E o`kt fpektu+ nein

qrmdpi`d jpin tn` yhj` qyuinmymjhtei r`ypkt' Vnht E hy dmegf hgd omr nm E hy dmegf et

dedg„t jhtt`r mv`r jpin'

Hgd gm ymj`tnegf `ky` ikeic`d egtm qkhi`' H Vnm„y Vnm `gtru imj`y etn tn` lmb mo Ineò

@~ìptev` Mooei`r' Bhic eg 856?+ E nhd keyt`d ju rìr`htemgy hy jpyei+ trhv`k+ hgd fmko' E hy

f`gpeg`ku egt`r`yt`d eg hkk tnr``3 E hy `v`g h fmmd `gmpfn fmko`r tm qkhu egt`rghtemghkku omr

Fnhgh' Bpt E nhv`g„t qkhu`d fmko omr 80 u`hry+ rhr`ku fm tm h imgi`rt mr keyt`g tm jpyei+ hgd trhv`k

mgku n`g E hbymkpt`ku nhv` tm' Eo E egdpkf`d hgu mo tn`y` egt`r`yty+ E o`kt ekkmfeihkku fpektu'

Hddeitemg tm mrc nhd `v`g yxp``|`d mpt ju nmbbe`y'

Rìeq` omr imgt`gtj`gt

E imgikpd` etn tm imjj`gty' Oerytku+ hy ` nhv` b``g thpfnt hgd hy ` t`hin mtn`ry+

jmd`rhtemg hgd bhkhgi` eg keo`ytuk` hr` `yy`gtehk< |`hk hgd ohghteieyj jhu b` pyòpk omr ymj`

qprqmy`y hgd `yy`gtehk omr mtn`ry bpt hr` gmt gmrjhkku tn` b`yt rìeq` omr h nhqqu r`ter`j`gt mr



`glmuegf h n`hktnu hgd imgt`gt`d mkd hf`' V` t`hin tney tm mtn`ry bpt ` dmg„t gì`yyhreku k`hrg

et mpry`kv`y'

Tn` yìmgd imjj`gt ey jmr` ohgieopk' Vn`g E hy tnegcegf mo ju bègf h ykhv` tm qrmi`dpr`

rhtn`r tnhg tm qprqmy`+ tm mrc ety`ko rhtn`r tnhg ety pktejht` mblìtev`+ E r`hke|`d tnht E nhd y``g

ymj`tnegf kec` tney bòmr`' Vhy et drpf hddeitemg mr d`q`gd`gi`= Qmyyebku+ bpt et hy hkymymj`tnegf `ky`' Et hy hg ejhf` mo Hdmkqn @einjhgg+ Nejjk`r„y trpyt`d ke`pt`ghgt+ nm hy

ytekk bmhytegf mg ney hu tm tn` fhkkmy mo nm n` nhd mrfhge|`d tn` trhegy tm Bpin`ghkd hgd

Hpyinet| tm rpg mg tej`' N` y``j`d pgegt`r`yt`d eg nht tn` trhegy `r` dmegf3 ypooeie`gt tnht

n` hy dmegf et omr tn` Opnr`r hgd mbùegf mrd`ry' Tn` mgku fpekt n` o`kt hy n`g n` hy gmt

dmegf et mr gmt f`ttegf tn` trhegy mg tej — qrmi`dpr` trpjqegf qprqmy`'

V` yjek` hgd yhu+ ‐Tnht impkdg„t b` j`'‟ Gmr egd``d .hgd nmqòpkku% impkd et< bpt mpr

hptmgmjei hgd qyuinmymjhtei qhtnhuy r`hin qhrty mo tn` bmdu mpr imgyiempy y`ko dm`yg„t r`hin+

hgd tnèr yujqtmjy jhu b` h qrei` ymj` mo py qhu omr mv`r*d`vmtemg ètn`r+ eg @einjhgg„y ihy`+

tm ohky` fmdy mr+ eg tn` ihy` mo jmr` gmrjhk jmrthky+ tm `qn`j`rh jhyxp`rhdegf hy mrtnu hgd`gdpregf mblìtev`y eg tn`jy`kv`y'

Qkhg Gm Ym Ump Ihg @glmu Umpr Keo` hot`r R`ter`j`gt<

Tn` dr`hd`d r`ter`j`gt( Vnht jhgu `jqkmu``y nht` tm n`hr' Dmegf nht ump hgt tm dm n`g

ump hgt tm dm et' Bègf hbk` tm mrc mg mpr nmbbe`y egyt`hd mo mrcegf eg tn` dheku+ dmf `ht dmf

mrc fregd' V`kk+ tnht ey nht jmyt q`mqk` `~qìt' N`r` ey tn` qrmbk`j+ et dm`yg&t hkhuy mrc tnht hu'

Et&y ypin h bef inhgf`' Ypdd`gku h q`rymg nm nhy mrc`d mv`r 41 u`hry+ èfnt nmpry h dhu+ dhu

eg hgd dhu mpt oegd tn`jy`kv`y hcegf pq `hin jmrgegf etn kettk` mr gmtnegf tm dm hgd gmn`r`

tm fm' Ymj` q`mqk` nhv` h v`ru nhrd tej` hdlpytegf'

Nm hbmpt ump= Hr` ump r`hdu omr r`ter`j`gt=

Et ey ym `hyu n`g ump r`ter` tm f`t ihpfnt pq dmegf gmtnegf `~i`qt yettegf eg ormgt mo h t`k`veyemg+

gmt `~`rieyegf+ gmt y`ègf q`mqk`' Ymj` q`mqk` hr` hbk` tm dm tney+ bpt gmt jmyt' Omr jmyt q`mqk`+

tnht&y n`g tnù ythrt fmegf dmgnekk qnuyeihkku hgd j`gthkku' Jhgu f`t yeic+ kmg`ku+ hgd pghbk`tm hdlpyt' Jhgu de` `hrku' Omr j`g+ et ihg b` etneg 0 u`hry' Gmt h fmmd qeitpr`' Dmg&t k`t tnht

nhqq`g tm ump' Et dm`yg&t nhv` tm b` tnht hu'

Vn`g h q`rymg mrcy+ tnù hr` `gfhf`d' Tnù hr` pyegf tnèr jegd+ oefpregf mpt huy tm j``t

tn` dheku inhkk`gf`y+ hgd imjjpgeiht`d r`fpkhrku etn mtn`r q`mqk`' Lpyt bìhpy` ump r`ter`+ ump



dmg&t nhv` tm ytmq+ tm fev` hkk tnht pq' Gm+ ump f`t tm qeic nht ump dm hgd nm ump dm et etn

nein hyg&t tn` ihy` bòmr` r`ter`j`gt'

R`ter`j`gt nhy b`gòety'

Ump hgt tm r`jheg ejqmrthgt hgd r`k`vhgt eg keo`' Ump ihg n`kq mtn`r q`mqk` omr egythgi`' Vnugmt jhc` h deoo`r`gi` eg hgmtn`r q`rymg&y keo`= Jhub` hy h vmkpgt``r eg mrd`r tm nhv` ymj`tnegf

dmegf' Ump nhv` h kmt mo cgmk`df` hgd `~q`re`gi`' Qpt et tm py` hgd k`t mtn`ry b`gòet ormj ump'

Ym jhgu umpgf q`mqk` dmg„t nhv` tn` rein `~q`re`gi` tnht ump nhv` fheg`d mv`r tn` u`hry' Ump

ihg fev` tn`j tn` b`gòet mo hkk tnht ump nhv` dmg`' Mr ump jefnt gmt hgt tm fm tnht ohr' Q`rnhqy

ymj`tnegf jegmr+ kec` vmkpgt``r ht h nmyqethk+ h bmuy mr ferky ikpb+ h ypjj`r ihjq+ mr ymj`tnegf

etn h inprin mr yughfmfp`' Tn` qmegt ey tm nhv` ymj`tnegf tm kmmc omrhrd tm dm'

Ump ihg hkym mrc mg h qhrt*tej` bhyey' H kettk` `~trh jmgù jefnt imj` eg nhgdu' Eo ump kec`d

n`r` ump py` tm mrc+ ump jefnt mrc hy h qhrt*tej` mrc`r omr tn` yhj` imjqhgu' Tnht hu

ump ythu eg tmpin etn tn` q`mqk` ump py` tm mrc etn'

Vetn umpr `~q`re`gi`+ ump jefnt bìmj` h imgypkthgt' Jhc` `~trh jmgù etn tnht hgd n`kq

ymj`mg` frm xpeic`r etn umpr fpedhgi`' K`hv` h k`fhiu' Qpt hkk tnht `~q`re`gi` ump fheg`d

mv`r 41 u`hry tm fmmd py` `v`g eg r`ter`j`gt'

Ump ihg dm hkk tn` hbmv` ht umpr mg qhi`' Hot`r hkk+ ump hgt umpr y`gemr u`hry tm b` `glmuhbk`'

Jhub`+ ump ekk hgt tm d`v`kmq h g` ycekk' Tn`r` hr` h jekkemg deoo`r`gt nmbbe`y ump impkd

thc` pq' Ump impkd fm bhic tm yinmmk' Tn`r` hr` pgev`ryete`y+ imjjpgetu imkk`f`y+ hgd hdpkt

`dpihtemg impry`y' Ump impkd f`t h tptmr tm k`hrg tm qkhu hg egytrpj`gt' Tn`r` hr` h jekkemg hgd

mg` tnegfy ump ihg k`hrg' Hgd ump nhv` tn` tej` gm ump dedg&t nhv` bòmr`'

Ump ihg trhv`k< Y`` yet`y ump nhv` g`v`r y``g bòmr`' Ump impkd mrfhge|` h treq etn ore`gd nm

ey hkym h r`ter`d q`rymg kec` ump' Ypin treqy impkd b` ynmrt treqy mr kmgf treqy' Et dm`yg&t jhtt`r'

Tn` jheg tnegf ey ump hr` hitev` hgd ythuegf `gfhf`d eg keo`'

Tm ythu n`hktnu+ ump jefnt thc` ymj` `~`riey`y ikhyy`y' H kmt mo imjjpgete`y nhv` `~`riey`

ikhyy`y d`yefg`d yqìeoeihkku omr y`gemry' Ump dmg&t hgt tm nprt umpry`ko+ bpt ump hgt tm ythu

hitev` hgd n`hktnu'

Ump jhu hkym j``t mgi` h ``c etn ore`gdy tm qkhu ihrdy+ y`` h jmve`+ nht`v`r ytrec`y umpr

ohgiu' Gm+ umpr tej` ey umpr tej`'

Mg` tnegf omr ypr` ey tnht+ bu ythuegf hitev` ump nhv` h b`tt`r inhgi` mo kevegf h kmgf`r keo`' Tn`r`

ey qk`gtu mo ytpde`y tnht qrmv`y tnht ey tn` ihy`' Et&y tn` r`ter``y nm bìmj` mv`rku y`d`gthru tnht

de` umpgf'

Hgd ump ekk oegd ump nhv` jmr` `gtnpyehyj omr `v`rutnegf ump dm eo ump oegd tnegfy tm dm' H

kettk` t`k`veyemg ey hkk refnt' Lpyt dmg&t jhc` et tn` b` hkk hgd `gd hkk mo umpr r`ter`j`gt'



Tnegc bhic tm n`g ump `r` umpgf`r' Vnht ded ump yhu ump mpkd dm mgi` ump r`ter`d= Gm

ey tn` tej` tm dm et' Hgd eo ump dedg&t nhv` qkhgy omr r`ter`j`gt `hrke`r eg keo`+ jhc` tnmy` qkhgy

gm' Tn`r` ey ytekk jmr` mo keo` tm kev`' Nhv` tn` opg ump nhv` ym reinku `hrg`d'

Hy ump jhu cgm+ q`mqk` r`hit deoo`r`gtku tm r`ter`j`gt' Omr ymj` omkcy+ et ey tn` b`yt tej` mo

tnèr kev`y+ h tej` omr hdv`gtpr`+ opg hgd `~iet`j`gt' H tej` n`g tnù ihg ceic pq tnèr n``ky+r`kh~+ hgd `glmu tn` or`` tej` mg tnèr nhgdy' Omr mtn`ry+ r`ter`j`gt ey h q`remd mo bmr`dmj hgd

egyìpretu' Tney ey bìhpy` tnù hr` gmt py`d tm tn` ok`~ebk` yin`dpk` hgd jeyy j``tegf hgd

ymiehke|egf etn mtn`ry eg mrc r`kht`d hitevete`y' Tnù hkym jeyy tn` qr`deithbeketu mo tnèr dhuy

hgd gefnty' Tnht yhed+ `v`rumg` ihg oegd lmu hgd nhqqeg`yy eg r`ter`j`gt hgd b`ht tn` r`ter`j`gt

bkp`y'

Eg ohit+ ump ihg nhv` h r`ter`j`gt oekk`d etn j`hgegf bu yejqku omkkmegf tn`y` 81 teqy<

8' Ròmipy umpr keo` * Dm gmt imgyed`r umpry`ko r`ter`d eg tn` trhdetemghk y`gy`' U`y+ ump gm kmgf`r

mrc omr umpr qhyt `jqkmu`r bpt ump hr` i`rthegku gmt ht tn` `gd mo umpr rmq`' Ump ynmpkd b`ròmipyegf umpr keo`+ qprypegf mtn`r mqtemgy hgd ump hr` ht h jmr` qmyetev` tprgegf qmegt' Tney ey

tn` tej` omr i`k`brhtegf h g` b`feggegf'

2' Egir`hy` umpr Ymiehk Ierik` * Ythu imggìt`d tm tnmy` `v`gty hgd q`mqk` tnht ump qr`vempyku

`glmu`d dpregf umpr mrcegf ihr``r' Dmg&t b` horhed tm nhv` h ymiehk keo`' Lmeg ikpby hgd

hyymiehtemgy tnht egt`r`yt ump hgd f`t tm cgm g` q`mqk` etn yejekhr egt`r`yty'

9' Qkhg @v`gty * F`t tm cgm q`mqk` mo dev`ry` egt`r`yty' Bìmj` hg `~trmv`rt' Qkhg h degg`r

qhrtu mr mtn`r `v`gt hgd egvet` q`mqk`' Dmg&t b` horhed tm r`hin mpt tm g` q`mqk` tm ytr`gftn`g

mtn`r qmyetev` r`khtemgyneqy' Gmt mgku ekk ump egir`hy` hixphegthgi`y bpt ump ekk fheg h o``kegf

mo imggìt`dg`yy tm ohjekehr hgd pgohjekehr frmpq j`jb`ry'

4' Qremrete|` N`hktn * Jhegthegegf fmmd n`hktn ey qhrhjmpgt tm umpr ypii`yy hy h r`ter``'

Tn`ròmr`+ ump jpyt thc` h qr`v`gtev` hqqrmhin tm fmmd n`hktn' Dm gmt het pgtek ymj`tnegf ey

rmgf tm y``c n`kq' @~hjeg` umpr n`hktn hgd n`hktn nhbety gm' Imgtegp` etn umpr r`fpkhr

hggphk n`hktn inìcpqy' Ner` h q`rymghk trheg`r' Kmmc egtm tìngexp`y omr ejqrmvegf umpr mv`rhkk

`kk bègf+ ypin hy yejjegf+ hkcegf+ èfnt trhegegf+ umfh hgd j`dethtemg'

0' Ythu eg Ynhq` * Ythu eg ynhq` etn `~`riey` hgd h n`hktnu de`t' Inmmy` hg `~`riey` hitevetu tnht

ump `glmu hgd mg` tnht ump ihg yteic tm' Omr egythgi`+ ump jefnt tru fmko+ yceqqegf rmb` mr `v`g

Chrht`' Eo ump qrò`r tm mrc mpt ymkm+ tn`r` hr` jhgu hqqrmqreht` bmmcy hy `kk hy ved`my tnhtump ihg pteke|` eg umpr n`hktn xp`yt refnt ormj tn` imjomrty mo umpr mg nmj`' Lpyt dmg&t b`

horhed tm tru' Eg hddetemg+ ump ihg hkym lmeg h fuj mr thc` `~`riey` ikhyy`y etn mtn`ry' Tn` b`tt`r

ump o``k+ tn` jmr` ump ekk `glmu umpr r`ter`j`gt'



Vn`g h jhg r`ter`y+ ney eo f`ty tei` tn` npybhgd bpt mgku nhko tn` egimj`' wIne Ine

Rmdrefp`|

H r`ter`d npybhgd ey mot`g h eo`&y opkk*tej` lmb' w@kkh Nhrrey

R`ter`d ey bègf tei` ter`d+ E&v` tnmpfnt

Oeryt ter`d mo mrcegf+

Tn`g ter`d mo gmt'

wReinhrd Hrjmpr

E&v` b``g htt`gdegf kmty mo y`jeghry eg ju r`ter`j`gt' Tnù&r` ihkk`d ghqy' wJ`rre Brmgmrtn

R`ter`j`gt< Et&y gei` tm f`t mpt mo tn` rht rhi`+ bpt ump nhv` tm k`hrg tm f`t hkmgf etn k`yy in``y`'

wF`g` Q`rr`t

E&j r`ter`d * fmmdbu` t`gyemg+ n`kkm q`gyemg( wHptnmr Pgcgmg

R`ter`j`gt ety`ko ey tn` b`yt feot' Gm fmkd htin impkd `v`r tmq et' wHbefhek Inhrk`ymg

R`ter`j`gt< Vmrkd&y kmgf`yt imoo`` br`hc' wHptnmr Pgcgmg

R`ter`j`gt nhy b``g h deyimv`ru mo b`hptu omr j`' E g`v`r nhd tn` tej` bòmr` tm gmtei` tn`

b`hptu mo ju frhgdcedy+ ju eo + tn` tr`` mptyed` ju v`ru mg ormgt dmmr' Hgd+ tn` b`hptu mo

tej` ety`ko' wNhrtjhg Lpk`

M+ bk`yt r`ter`j`gt( ore`gd tm keo`&y dìkeg` *

Nm bk`yt ey n` nm irmgy+ eg ynhd`y kec` tn`y`+

H umptn mo khbmr etn hg hf` mo `hy`(



wMkev`r Fmkdyjetn

Jeddk` hf` ey n`g mrc ey h kmt k`yy opg hgd opg ey h kmt jmr` mrc' wHptnmr Pgcgmg

Keo` b`fegy ht r`ter j`gt' wHptnmr Pgcgmg

Tn` inhkk`gf` mo r`ter`j`gt ey nm tm yq`gd tej` etnmpt yq`gdegf jmgù' wHptnmr Pgcgmg

Eo q`mqk` imgi`gtrht`d mg tn` r`hkku ejqmrthgt tnegfy eg keo`+ tn`r`&d b` h ynmrthf` mo oeynegf

qmk`y' wDmpf Khrymg

R`ter`j`gt ey mgd`ropk' Et&y dmegf gmtnegf etnmpt mrruegf hbmpt f`ttegf ihpfnt ht et' wF`g`

Q`rr`t

Tn`r` hr` ymj` nm ythrt tnèr r`ter`j`gt kmgf bòmr` tnù ytmq mrcegf' wRmb`rt Nhko

R`yt ey gmt edk`g`yy+ hgd tm ke` ymj`tej`y mg tn` frhyy pgd`r tr``y mg h ypjj`r&y dhu+ keyt`gegf tm

tn` jprjpr mo tn` ht`r+ mr htinegf tn` ikmpdy okmht hirmyy tn` ycu+ ey bu gm j`hgy h hyt` mo

tej`' wL' Kpbbmic

Vn`g ump r`ter`+ tnegc hgd hit hy eo ump `r` ytekk mrcegf3 n`g ump&r` ytekk mrcegf+ tnegc hgd

hit h bet hy eo ump `r` hkr`hdu r`ter d' wHptnmr Pgcgmg

Tn` xp`ytemg eyg&t ht nht hf` E hgt tm r`ter`+ et&y ht nht egimj`' wF`mrf` Omr`jhg

R`ter`j`gt j`hgy gm qr`yypr`+ gm ytr`yy+ gm n`hrthin`''' pgk`yy ump qkhu fmko' wF`g` Q`rr`t



E&j gmt lpyt r`teregf ormj tn` imjqhgu+ E&j hkym r`teregf ormj ju ytr`yy+ ju imjjpt`+ ju hkhrj

ikmic+ hgd ju ermg' wNhrtjhg Lpk`

Fmko ey qkhu`d bu t`gtu jekkemg jhtpr` Hj`reihg j`g nmy` ev`y tnegc tnù hr` mpt nhvegf

opg' wLej Beynmq

Dmg&t qkhu tmm jpin fmko' Tm rmpgdy h dhu hr` qk`gtu' wNhrru _hrdmg

Tn` b`yt tej` tm ythrt tnegcegf hbmpt umpr r`ter`j`gt ey bòmr` tn` bmyy dm`y' wHptnmr Pgcgmg

Dmg&t yejqku r`ter` ormj ymj`tnegf3 nhv` ymj`tnegf tm r`ter` tm' wNhrru @j`rymg Omydeic

E&j gm hy or`` hy tn` br``|` * etn rmpfnku tn` yhj` egimj`' wF`g` Q`rr`t

Nhko mpr keo` ey yq`gt truegf tm oegd ymj`tnegf tm dm etn tn` tej` ` nhv` rpyn`d tnrmpfn keo`

truegf tm yhv`' wVekk Rmf`ry+ Hptmbemfrhqnu+ 8545

Vn`g ump r`ter`+ ump yetin bmyy`y * ormj tn` mg` nm ner`d ump tm tn` mg` nm jhrre`d ump'

wF`g` Q`rr`t

Tn` jmgù&y gm b`tt`r eg r`ter`j`gt bpt tn` nmpry hr`( wHgmgujmpy

Vn`g j`g r`hin tnèr ye~te`y hgd r`ter`+ tnù fm tm qeì`y' Vmj`g fm refnt mg immcegf' wFhekYn``nu

Tn`r`&y g`v`r `gmpfn tej` tm dm hkk tn` gmtnegf ump hgt' wBekk Vhtt`rymg+ Ihkveg hgd Nmbb`y

R`ter`j`gt etnmpt tn` kmv` mo k`tt`ry ey h kevegf bprehk' wY`gìh



Hf` ey mgku h gpjb`r+ h ieqn`r omr tn` rìmrdy' H jhg ihg&t r ter` ney `~q`re`gi`' N` jpyt py`

et' wB`rghrd Bhrpin

H fmkd htin ey tn` jmyt hqqrmqreht` feot omr r`ter`j`gt+ hy ety rìeqe`gty nhv` fev`g pq ym jhgu

mo tnèr fmkd`g nmpry eg h keo`tej` mo y`rvei`' wNhrru Jhnthr

Dmg&t pgd`r`ytejht` tn` vhkp` mo Dmegf Gmtnegf+ mo lpyt fmegf hkmgf+ keyt`gegf tm hkk tn` tnegfy

ump ihg&t n`hr+ hgd gmt bmtn`regf' wQmmn&y Kettk` Egytrpitemg Bmmc+ egyqer`d bu H'H' Jekg`

R`ter` ormj mrc+ bpt gmt ormj keo`' wJ'C' Ymge

Ymj`tej`y et&y ejqmrthgt tm mrc omr tnht qmt mo fmkd' Bpt mtn`r tej`y et&y `yy`gtehk tm thc` tej`

moo hgd tm jhc` ypr` tnht umpr jmyt ejqmrthgt dìeyemg eg tn` dhu yejqku imgyeyty mo inmmyegf

nein imkmr tm yked` dmg mg tn` rhegbm' wDmpfkhy Qhf`ky+ Tn`y` Hr` tn` Feoty E&d Kec` tm

Fev` tm Ump

Tn`r` jpyt b` xpet` h o` tnegfy tnht h nmt bhtn mg&t ipr`+ bpt E dmg&t cgm jhgu mo tn`j'wYukveh Qkhtn+ Tn` B`kk Lhr

E `glmu hcegf pq hgd gmt nhvegf tm fm tm mrc' Ym E dm et tnr`` mr ompr tej`y h dhu' wF`g`

Q`rr`t

Eg r`ter`j`gt+ `v`ru dhu ey Bmyy Dhu hgd `v`ru dhu ey @jqkmu`` Hqqrìehtemg Dhu'

wHgmgujmpy

R`ter`j`gt ey kec` h kmgf vhihtemg eg Khy _`fhy' Tn` fmhk ey tm `glmu et tn` opkk`yt+ bpt gmt ym

opkku tnht ump rpg mpt mo jmgù' wLmghtnhg Ik`j`gty

R`ter`j`gt ht ye~tu*oev` ey redeipkmpy' Vn`g E hy ye~tu*oev` E ytekk nhd qejqk`y' wF`mrf` Bprgy



Ump hr` mgku umpgf mgi`+ bpt ump ihg ythu ejjhtpr` egdòeget`ku' wMfd`g Ghyn

Umptn mpkd b` hg ed`hk ytht` eo et ihj` h kettk kht`r eg keo`' wN`rb`rt Hyxpetn

R`ter`j`gt ey tn` pfke`yt mrd eg tn` khgfphf`' w@rg`yt N`jegfhu

Fmko ey h dhu yq`gt eg h rmpgd mo ytr`gpmpy edk`g`yy' wVekkehj Vmrdymrtn

Oeryt ump omrf`t ghj`y3 tn`g ump omrf`t ohi`y3 tn`g ump omrf`t tm |eq pq umpr oku3 hgd tn`g ump

omrf`t tm pg|eq umpr oku' wBrhgin Reicù

Eg ju r`ter`j`gt E fm omr h ynmrt yej ht k`hyt mgi` mr tei` `v`ru dhu' Et&y ètn`r tnht mr bpu h

g` fmko bhkk' wF`g` Q`rr`t

Ymj`tej`y et&y nhrd tm t`kk eo r`ter`j`gt ey h r`hrd omr h keo`tej` mo nhrd mrc mr h qpgeynj`gt'

wHgmgujmpy

Tn` r`hymg tn` qrm t`kky ump tm c``q umpr n`hd dmg ey ym ump ihg&t y`` nej khpfnegf' wQnukkey

Dekk`r

Eo ump dregc+ dmg&t drev`' Dmg&t `v`g qptt' wD`hg Jhrteg

Eo ump hr` fmegf tm tnrm h ikpb+ et ey ejqmrthgt tm tnrm et hn`hd mo ump+ dmg tn` oherhu+ ym

ump dmg&t nhv` tm hyt` `g`rfu fmegf bhic tm qeic et pq' wTmjju Bmkt

R`ter`j`gt cekky jmr q`mqk` tnhg nhrd mrc `v`r ded' wJhkimkj Omrb`y



R`ter`j`gt< Tnht&y n`g ump r`tprg ormj mrc mg` dhu hgd yhu+ "Ne+ Nmgù+ E&j nmj` *

omr`v`r'" wF`g` Q`rr`t

R@O@R@GI@Y<

Hrjytrmgf+ O'.2112' Tn` Egomrj`d Egv`ytmr' Hjhimj Qr`yy' Jheje+ PYH

Brhgdmg+ @' .211?' Oev` R`ter`j`gt Teqy omr 21 Ymj`tnegfy' G` Umrc Qr`yy' G` Umrc

@jqkmu`` B`gòet R`y`hrin Egytetpt`' .2110' Yhvegfy Teqy' @jqkmu`` B`gòet' Ymptn

J`kbmprg`+ Yudgù Pgev`ryetu Qr`yy'

Egt`rghk R`v`gp` Y`rvei`' .2116 R`ter`j`gt Teqy omr Egdevedphky'

Yhnhde+ L' .2116' Impqk`y R`teregf G``d FN¢280 omr N`hktn Imyty'

Ytèg+ B' .2116' Nm Gmt Tm Rpeg Umpr Keo`' @gfk`mmd Ikeooy+ G` L`ryù< Qr`gtei`*Nhkk+

2116

Hrchge Y'+ hgd Y' Fmpfn .2116 Tn` Ejqhit mo Miipqhtemghk Q`gyemgy mg R`ter`j`gt Hf`+

Lmprghk mo Ymiehk Qmkeiu+ _mk' 9?+ Qhrt 2+ qq' 256*98>+ Hqrek'

Hyin+ B'+ Nhed`r+ Y'L'+ hgd L' \eyyejmqmpkmy .2110 Oeghgiehk Egi`gtev`y hgd R`ter`j`gt<

@ved`gi` ormj O`d`rhk Ievek Y`rvei` Vmrc`ry+ Lmprghk mo Qpbkei @imgmjeiy+ _mk' >5+ Gm' 2*9+

qq' 426*441'

Bhc`r+ J' hgd D' B`glhjeg .8555 @hrku R`ter`j`gt Qrmveyemgy hgd tn` Khbmr Omri` B`nhvemr mo

Mkd`r J`g< @ved`gi` ormj Ihghdh+ Lmprghk mo Khbmr @imgmjeiy+ _mk' 86+ Gm'4 Qhrt 8+ qq' 624*

60?'

Bhc`r+ J'+ Frpb`r+ L' hgd C' Jekkefhg .2119 Tn` R`ter`j`gt Egi`gtev` @ooìty mo Ihghdhy

Egimj` Yìpretu Qrmfrhjy+ Ihghdehg Lmprghk mo @imgmjeiy+ _mk' 9?+ qq' 2?8*251'

Bhgcy L' hgd Y' Yjetn .211? R`ter`j`gt eg tn` PC+ M~omrd R`ve` mo @imgmjei Qmkeiu+ _mk' 22

Gm' 8+ qq' 41*0?+ Yqregf'

Bk`c`yhpg`+ J' hgd Q' @' Ymk`j .2110 Vmrcegf Imgdetemgy hgd @hrku R`ter`j`gt< H

Qrmyqìtev` Ytpdu mo R`ter`j`gt B`nhvempr+ R`y`hrin mg Hfegf+ _mk' 26+ Gm' 8+ qq' 9*91'



Bkmgdhk+ Y' hgd Y' Yihrq`tth .855>' Tn` R`ter`j`gt Dìeyemg eg M@ID Impgtre`y+ M@ID

@imgmjeiy D`qhrtj`gt+ Vmrcegf Qhq`r Gm' 212'

Bmhrege+ Rmjegh+ Hyh Lmnhgyymg hgd Jhrim Jerh d@rimk` .211? Hkt`rghtev` J`hypr`y mo V`kk*

bègf+ M@ID Ymiehk+ @jqkmuj`gt hgd Jefrhtemg Vmrcegf Qhq`ry Gm' 99'

Bmrkhgd+ Lòo .2110' Trhgyetemgy tm R`ter`j`gt< H R`ve`+ J`kbmprg` Egytetpt` Vmrcegf Qhq`r

Gm' 9-10+ Hqrek'

Bmkbu+ F`moo .2116' Dòegegf R`ter`j`gt+ Q`ryqìtev`y mg Khbmpr hgd Egimj`+ Ythteyteiy

Ihghdh' _mk' >+ Gm' 2' O`brphru' Mtthh< Ythteyteiy Ihghdh'

Ihnekk+ C`veg @'+ Jeinh`k D' Fehgdr`h+ hgd Lmy`qn O' Xpegg .211? R`ter`j`gt Qhtt`rgy ormj

Ihr``r @jqkmuj`gt+ Tn` F`rmgtmkmfeyt+ _mk' 4?+ Gm' 4+ qq' 084*029'

Imek` I' hgd L' Frpb`r .2116 Optpr` Ymiehk Yìpretu @gtetk`j`gty hgd tn` R`ter`j`gt Dìeyemg+

R`ve` mo @imgmjeiy hgd Ythteyteiy+ _mk' >5+ Gm' 2+ qq' 294*24?+ Jhu'

Imjqtmg+ Lhgei` .2118' D`t`rjeghgty mo R`ter`j`gt< Dm`y Jmgù R`hkku Jhtt`r= Mtthh+

D`qhrtj`gt mo Oeghgi`+ Vmrcegf Qhq`r Gm' 2118*12'

D`gtmg+ Orhgc T' hgd Burmg F' Yq`gi`r .2112 Ymj` D`jmfrhqnei Imgy`xp`gi`y mo R`veyegf

tn` Dòegetemg mo Mkd Hf` tm Ròkìt Optpr` Inhgf`y eg Keo` Thbk` Qrmbhbekete`y+ Ihghdehg

Lmprghk mg Hfegf+ _mk' 28+ Gm' 9+ qq' 945*90?'

Fm`r+ Dhv` .8556 J`hypregf tn` Hf` mo R`ter`j`gt+ Q`ryqìtev`y mg Khbmpr hgd Egimj`+

Ythteyteiy Ihghdh' _mk'5+ Gm'2+ qq' 88*86' Mtthh< Ythteyteiy Ihghdh'

Nhhy+ V'N'+ Dmg @' Brhdkù+ Inhrk`y O' Kmgfegm+ @k`hgmr Q' Ytmkk`r+ hgd Vekkehj L' Y`rm

.211? Eg R`ter`j`gt Jefrhtemg+ Vnm Impgty= H J`tnmdmkmfeihk Xp`ytemg etn @imgmjei

Qmkeiu Ejqkeihtemgy+ F`rmgtmkmfeyt+ _mk' 4?+ Gm' ?+ qq' >80*>21+ Dì`jb`r'

Nhbtp+ R' .2112 J`g 00 hgd Mkd`r< Vmrc mr R`ter`= Q`ryqìtev`y mg Khbmpr hgd Egimj`+

Ythteyteiy Ihghdh' _mk' 9+ Gm' 82+ qq' 26*94' Mtthh< Ythteyteiy Ihghdh'

Nhuhrd+ J' D'3 Ore`djhg+ Y'3 hgd In`g+ N' .855>' "Ihr``r Trhlìtmre`y hgd Mkd`r J`g&y

R`ter`j`gt'" Lmprghky mo F`rmgtmkmfu< Ymiehk Yie`gi`y 02B<Y58 ’ Y819'

Nmgef+ J' hgd F' Nhgmin .85>0 Qhrtehk R`ter`j`gt hy h Y`qhrht` Jmd` mo R`ter`j`gt B`nhvemr+Lmprghk mo Npjhg R`ympri`y+ _mk' 21+ qq' 28*4?'

Ce`rhg+ Qhtreic .2118 @hrku R`ter`j`gt Tr`gdy+ Q`ryqìtev`y mg Khbmpr hgd Egimj`+ Ythteyteiy

Ihghdh' _mk' 89+ Gm' 4+ qq' 6*89' Vegt`r' Mtthh< Ythteyteiy Ihghdh'

Kh|`hr+ @' .85>? R`ter`j`gt ormj tn` Khbmr Omri`+ eg Mrkù Hyn`go`kt`r hgd Reinhrd Khuhrd+

`detmry+ Nhgdbmmc mo Khbmr @imgmjeiy+ _mk' 8+ Gmrtn Nmkkhgd+ Hjyt`rdhj'



Kehg+ Lhymg+ Hglp Lmyne+ Rmb`rth Rmbb+ Jhrfhr`t D`gtmg+ Hjerhj Fhoge+ Ihrmkug L' Rmy`gtnhk

hgd Dmghkd L' Vekkeymg .2111+ Pgqhed Tej` Imgtrebptemgy bu Y`gemry eg Ihghdh+ eg Orhgc T'

D`gtmg+ D`bmrhn Or`t|+ hgd Burmg F' Yq`gi`r+ `detmry+ Egd`q`gd`gi` hgd @imgmjei Yìpretu eg

Mkd Hf`+ PBI Qr`yy'

Kpjydheg`+ Rmbeg K' hgd Mkeveh Y' Jetin`kk .8555 G` D`v`kmqj`gty eg tn` @imgmjeiHghkuyey mo R`ter`j`gt+ eg Mrkù Hyn`go`kt`r hgd Dhved Ihrd+ `detmry+ Nhgdbmmc mo Khbmr

@imgmjeiy+ _mk' 9+ Gmrtn Nmkkhgd+ Hjyt`rdhj'

JiDhge`k+ Ypyhg H' .8550 Vmrc+ R`ter`j`gt hgd Vmj`g eg Kht`r Keo`+ eg @kk`g F``+ `detmr+

R`tnegcegf R`ter`j`gt+ F`rmgtmkmfu R`y`hrin I`gtr`+ Yejmg Orhy`r Pgev`ryetu'

JiDmghkd+ Kugg .211? F`gd`r hgd ohjeku * Jhlmr dej`gyemgy mo r`ter`j`gt r`y`hrin+ eg K`rmu

1' Ytmg`+ `detmr+ Ormgte`ry mo R`y`hrin mg R`ter`j`gt eg Ihghdh+ Ythteyteiy Ihghdh 60*088*^Q@'

JiDmghkd+ Kugg hgd R'H' Vhgg`r .8551 R`ter`j`gt eg Ihghdh+ Tmrmgtm hgd _hgimpv`r<

Bptt`rmrtny'

Rm`+ F`moo hgd Nphg Gpfu`g .2112 Mkd`r Vmrc`ry hgd tn` Khbmpr Jhrc`t+ Q`ryqìtev`y mg

Khbmpr hgd Egimj`+ Ythteyteiy Ihghdh' _mk' 9+ Gm' 82' Mtthh< Ythteyteiy Ihghdh'

Yin`kk`gb`rf+ F' hgd I' Yekv`r .2114% Ump Ihg„t Hkhuy F`t Vnht Ump Vhgt< R`ter`j`gt

Qrò`r`gi`y hgd @~q`re`gi`+ Ihghdehg Ymiehk Tr`gdy+ _mk' 88+ Gm' 11>+ qq' 2*6'

Ynhggmg+ J' hgd D' Fre`rymg .2114 Jhgdhtmru R`ter`j`gt hgd Mkd`r Vmrc`r @jqkmuj`gt+

Ihghdehg Lmprghk mo @imgmjeiy+ _mk' 96+ Gm' 9+ qq' 02>*008'

Ynhrmg+ G'+ hgd @' Hrfmv .85>9 Qmyt*r`ter`j`gt Mre`gthtemg tm Vmrc hgd Ypii`yyopk Qkhi`j`gt+Hfegf hgd Vmrc+ _mk' ?+ qq' 2?8*6?'

Y|egmvhi| J' hgd Y' D`_egù .8555 Tn` R`ter`` Ed`gtetu< F`gd`r hgd Rhi` Deoo`r`gi`y+

Lmprghk mo F`rmgtmkmfu< Ymiehk Yie`gi`y+ _mk' 04B+ qq' Y216*Y28>'

Thkhfh L' T' hgd T' H' B``nr .8550 Hr` Tn`r` F`gd`r Deoo`r`gi`y eg Qr`deitegf R`ter`j`gt

Dìeyemgy= Lmprghk mo Hqqke`d Qyuinmkmfu+ _mk' >1+ qq' 8?*2>'

Thgg`r .855> Tn` Dughjeiy mo Jhk` R`ter`j`gt B`nhvempr+ Oeyihk Ytpde`y+ _mk' 85+ Gm'2+ qq'

860*85?'

Vhgg`kk+ T`d .2116 Umpgf Q`gyemg`ry+ Q`ryqìtev`y mg Khbmpr hgd Egimj`+ Ythteyteiy Ihghdh'

_mk' >+ Gm' 8' Lhgphru' Mtthh< Ythteyteiy Ihghdh'

Vhgg`r Reinhrd H hgd Q`t`r K Ji Dmghkd .85>? Tn` _`rteihk Jmyhei eg Kht`r Keo`< @tngeietu

retirements: a guide to the younger generations

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