responsible organic waste treatment · 2017. 2. 1. · responsible organic waste treatment simonne...
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Responsible Organic WasteTreatment
Simonne Eldridge
Business Sector Leader –Waste
Tonkin & Taylor Ltd
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Waste hierarchy
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The value ofgood science
• All decisions should be driven by the wastehierarchy
• Important to make informed decisions based onlocal conditions
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Take these teabags
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Counter intuitive?
• Putting plastic bottles inlandfill is ok:– For countries with
adequate space and littlerecycling infrastructure,disposing of bottles inlandfill generates a lowercarbon footprint thanrecycling or incineration
– Depends on recyclingoptions and true recovery
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Life cycle analysis
• Dutch study in associationwith the TechnicalUniversity of Denmark
• Comparison of lifecycleassessment between loworganic waste andhousehold waste landfills
• Both state of the artfacilities
• Considered impact ongroundwater, soil & air(incl GHG)
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LCA conclusions
• Low organic:
– less landfill gas produced but lower collectionefficiency & limited potential for landfill gasutilisation
– can result in significant reduction in potentialenvironmental load
• Household waste with landfill gas utilisationwhere resulting electricity offsets that producedfrom coal out performs the low organic landfillparticularly if include carbon sink
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Hyder Report
• LCA comparison of alandfill in Victoria,Australia & fouralternative wastemanagement scenarios:– Aerobic mechanical
biological treatment (MBT)
– Anaerobic MBT
– Waste separation withaerobic compositing offood waste
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Other emissionsources considered
• Transport
• Facility construction
• Energy use & energy yields in processing
• Offsets for recovered recyclables
• Organics degradation and storage
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Conclusions from aGHG perspective
• Best practice landfill with good performancemanagement sound option for GHGmanagement
• Anaerobic MBT better option than aerobic
• Diversion of household organics to the compoststream has a similar performance to disposal atlandfill (compost used for soil conditioning sodoes not offset use of fertiliser)
• Makes little difference if food waste is collectedweekly or fortnightly
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Some factorsto consider
• There is an overall environmental benefit of compostingand applying it to agricultural land if it substitutes forinorganic fertilisers and growth media products.
• This environmental benefit needs to be off set against theemissions associated with cartage of the organic and theresulting compost and the composting process itself
• If compost not used and is deposited in the landfill it cancause problems
• Readily degradable organic waste degrades within theoperational period of the landfill therefore its disposalwould not have any real impact on the life of the landfill.
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Some factorsto consider (cont)
• Diverting organics may result in more overall GHGemissions than using greenwaste in landfill to produceelectricity, if the alternative is to produce electricity fromcoal.
• Low organic landfills typically have a lower landfill gascollection efficiency as they tend to be denser therebypotentially increasing the uncontrolled emissions.
• Organics helps to lock up heavy metals in the landfill.
• Incorporation of compost in the landfill cover reducesmethane emissions as the methane is oxidised by thecompost.
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However...
• Traditionally managingwaste focus is publichealth
• Multiple lenses nowrequired:– GHG emissions
– Demand for renewableenergy
– Scarcity of naturalresources
• Do not throw away ifcan reuse / recycle
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Do not forgetthe waste hierarchy