respiratory system powerpoint (1)

8/20/2019 Respiratory System Powerpoint (1)

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The Mechanism of Breathing

• http://

teachhealthk-12.uthscsa.edu/curriculum/pulmonary/pulmonary-breathsimulation.asp

(natomy of Breathing !lash nimation"

http://teachhealthk-12.uthscsa.edu/curriculum/pulmonary/pulmonary-breathsimulation.asp











#nhalation

1. The #ntercostalmuscles contract$sending the rib cage

up%ard and out%ard2.The &iaphragm

contracts$ and mo'esdo%n%ard

. The )olume inside ofthe chest ca'ityincreases

*. The +ressure inside thechest ca'ity decreases

,. ir enters the lungs to



0halation

1. The #ntercostalmuscles rela0$sending the rib cage

do%n%ard and in%ard2.The &iaphragmrela0es$ and mo'esup%ard

. The )olume inside of

the chest ca'itydecreases

*. The +ressure insidethe chest ca'ity

increases,. ir e0its the lun s to



nother nimation

• http://%%%.youtube.com/%atch'* 3456ude+s7safety8modetrue7persist8safety8mode17safeacti'e

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=43jJGXudePs&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active








#nhaled 's. 0haled ir

Inhaled Air

Exhaled Air

Oxygen

Concentration

21 9 1 9

Carbon DioxideConcentration

;.;* 9 , 9

Nitrogen

Concentration

=> 9 => 9

Dryness

&rier Moist

Temperature

?older or @armer

than = ?

@arm (close to =

?"Cleanliness

&irtier A?leaner (ltered"

A0haled air may contain bacteria or 'iruses$ but is cleaner in terms of



TurbinateBones

#ncrease Curfacerea

and#ncrease the rateof

!iltering

@arming and

Moistening ofair



Breathing 'ersus

Despiration



• Breathing: The act of bringing air in andout of lungsE consists of inhalation and

e0halationE it is an externalmechanical process

• ?ellular (?ell" Despiration: @hen glucose(food" and o0ygen combine to producecarbon dio0ide$ %ater and T+ energyEoccurs in the mitochondria of cellsE it is

an internal chemical process

Equation: ?F12G H G2 ?G2 H



Fo% are Breathing and ?ellDespiration ?onnected

• #n order for cell respiration to occur$o0ygen must mo'e into cells$ %hilecarbon dio0ide must mo'e out ofcells.

• The e0change is made in the lungsduring breathing



0changes madebet%een thelungs and the

blood are said tobe externalexchanges

because thelungs are open tothe outside of the

body.



5as 0change



• ?arbon dio0ide and o0ygen s!ap places.

• The gases mo'e by a process called

di"usion.

• #n animals$ o0ygen is mo'ed from the airin the lungs to the blood$ and then fromthe blood to the cells.

• ?arbon dio0ide

mo'es in the

opposite

direction

#ungs

?ells

Blood

O

$

CO$



http://%%%.youtube.com/%atch'FiT21+rrG;7safety8modetrue7persist8safety8mode17safeacti'e

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HiT621PrrO0&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active








Iabel and ?olor the l'eolus&iagram

Jse Ded for o0ygenated

bloodand Blue for deo0ygenated

blood



3. Concentration gradient K so that gases canmo'e by diLusionE mo'ement of molecules occurs

from higher to%ards lo%er concentrations

4. Pressure gradient K so that the gases can bepushed in the direction that they need to mo'e intoEmolecules %ill mo'e from areas of higher to%ardsareas of lo%er pressure

Figh Io%



Lect of ltitude on 5as0change

At %ea#e&el Air'ressure is(igherbecausethere aremore air

particleson top o)you



t high altitudes (like up on a mountain": There are lots of o0ygen molecules

But o0ygen molecules cant get into the bodycells

This is because: There isnt enough pressure

To push the o0ygen from the lungs

across the air sacs$

blood 'essels$ and cell membranes

into the cells %here the o0ygen is needed.



'ressure*radient

Di"usion*radient

usion *radient is in the right direction but the 'ressure *radie

At (I*( altitudes+,



5as Transport

• G0ygen and ?arbon dio0ide are carriedin the blood stream.

• Oxygen is carried )rom the lungs tocells %hich then use the o0ygen for cellrespiration.

• Carbon dioxide is produced by cellrespiration and is carried )rom the cellsto the lungs to be e0haled.



Femoglobin

• chemical found inside red blood cells.

• #t has * binding spots for gas molecules.

• There are many hemoglobin molecules

in each red blood cell.

• Femoglobin can carry o0ygen

carbon dio0ide hydrogen ions

carbon mono0ide



• hemoglobin molecule consists of *5lobular proteins (polypeptide

chains" bound to a central iron (!e"atom (called a Feme group"N.hencethe name Femo 5lobin.

-

e

Blood)essel

Ded bloodcell



G0ygen Transport

• G0ygen tra'els through the blood stream in 2%ays:

• &issol'ed in the blood plasma (9"

•

ttached to hemoglobin K oxyhemoglobin(O=9" (Fb H G2 FbG2"

• &iagram:

• http.//!!!,youtube,com/!atch0&123OB4E3xNEo5sa)ety6mode1true5persist6sa)ety6mode175sa)e1acti&e ( min. +re-load to a'oid ad$ stop sho%ing at graph"

89:

;BC

<: inplasma

Blood 'essel

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WXOBJEXxNEo&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WXOBJEXxNEo&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active



?arbon &io0ide Transport

• ?arbon dio0ide tra'els through the blood streamin %ays:

• &issol'ed in the blood plasma (O9"

• ttached to hemoglobin Kcarbaminohemoglobin (2=9" (Fb H ?G2

Fb?G2"

• s a combination of bicarbonate ions dissol'ed inblood plasma and hydrogen ions attached tohemoglobin - acid hemoglobin (*9"

(Fb H F= FFb"

• &iagram: >?:

(=

$9:CO

$

8: CO$

and >?:

(CO<@

in lasma

Blood)essel

http://%%%.youtube.com/%atch'02

T@I)PMg7QD17safety8modetrue7persist8safety8mode17safeacti'e

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x26TWL3VKMg&NR=1&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active












• #f carbonic acid %ere allo% to accumulate in theblood 'essels$ it %ould cause respiratory acidosis

and could damage blood 'essel %alls• The body sol'es this problem by bufering the

blood

• Gnce hydrogen ions are generated they are

Rhidden away S inside red blood cells K they attachto hemoglobin to become Racid hemoglobinS

• The bicarbonate ions are benign and can tra'elthrough the blood 'essels %ithout causing problems



?arbon Mono0ide Transport

• ?arbon mono0ide (?G" binds to hemoglobin$3 more tightly than o0ygen

• 'en if there is plenty of o0ygen present$

the hemoglobin %ill choose ?G o'ero0ygen$ leading to the death of the person.

• ?arbon mono0ide is a colorless andodorless gas that is a by-product ofcombustion reactions K found in smoke.

• #t is 'ery important to ha'e a carbonmono0ide detector in your home.



?ontrol of Breathing

• Qumber of breaths per minute taken atrest is about 7?@$

• More %hen e0ercising• Breathing rate and heart rate are tied

together

•

Breather rate and depth control by themedulla oblongata and the pons inthe brain



Qer'ous ?ontrol ofBreathing

• Censors calledchemoreceptors detect?G2 le'els in blood

• Figher ?G2 le'els faster and deeperbreathing

• To speed rate and depth

of breathing$ the brainsends messages to thediaphragm 7 intercostalmuscles usingsympathetic ner'es



Qer'ous?ontrol ofBreathing

Muscles contract )aster to

speed up rate of breathing

%hen ?G2 is high

Muscles contract slo!er to

slo% rate of breathing %hen

Brain



!eedback Ioops



0ercise

?ertain drugsFoldbreath

Figh

?G$

Ie'els

inBlood

?hemo-receptors(medulla 7

+ons"&iaphragm

#ntercostal

musclesDate ofbreathin

g#ncrease



Figh ltitude thletic Training

• Training in places %ith higher ele'ations (e0. ?olorado" in order toincrease lung capacity and thus performance

• t rst - breathing 7 heart rates %ill be higher than normal

• fter a fe% months of training....

The lungs ha'e stretched

Breathing rates return to normal 1*-2; breaths/minute

More capillaries gre% around al'eoli

to accommodate a faster gas e0change

More red blood cells %ill ha'e been added

to the blood stream for a greater

o0ygen carrying capacity.

• The athlete then returns to lo%er

altitudes to compete

respiratory system powerpoint (1)

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