respiratory system part ii - limestone district...
TRANSCRIPT
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RESPIRATORY SYSTEMPART IINOVEMBER 1
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AGENDA● REVIEW● QUESTION● NOTES
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REVIEW
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4 STEPS OF RESPIRATION1. VENTILATION
2. EXTERNALRESPIRATION
3. INTERNALRESPIRATION
4. CELLULARRESPIRATION
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<Cellular Respiration/Aerobic Respiration>
glucose + oxygen →
energy + water + carbon dioxide
C6
H12
O6
+ 6 O2
→ ATP + 6 H
2O + 6 CO
2
Aerobic Cellular Respiration
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ATP - adenosine triphosphate
Energy is stored in the bonds of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) via phosphorylation
Phosphorylation: the
addition of a phosphate
group to a molecule;
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QUESTION
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Where does ADP come from?
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NOTES
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Respiratory Structures and Processes
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STRUCTURES
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Respiratory Structures
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Respiratory Structures - Conducting
MOUTH AND TWO NASAL CAVITIES● ENTRY FOR AIR● FILTERING SYSTEM
○ HAIRS, MUCUS
PHARYNX● AIR-FILLED CHANNEL● BRANCHES INTO TRACHEA AND
ESOPHAGUS
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Respiratory Structures - Conducting
EPIGLOTTIS ● COVERS THE GLOTTIS DURING SWALLOWING
GLOTTIS● OPENING OF TRACHEA
LARYNX (VOICE BOX)● TWO HORIZONTAL TISSUES - VOCAL CORDS
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Respiratory Structures - Conducting
TRACHEA (WINDPIPE)● LINED WITH MUCOUS MEMBRANES
AND CILIA● CARTILAGE RINGS → KEEP THE
TRACHEA OPEN
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Respiratory Structures - Conducting
BRONCHI (SINGULAR: BRONCHUS)● CARTILAGE RINGS● CARRY AIR INTO THE LUNGS
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Respiratory Structures - Conducting
BRONCHIOLES● NO CARTILAGINOUS RINGS● SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS
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Respiratory Structures - Gas Exchange
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Respiratory Structures - Gas Exchange
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LAW OF DIFFUSION
1. DISTANCE
Shorter, more exchange
2. SURFACE AREA
Larger, more exchange
3. AMOUNT
More molecules, more exchange
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What characteristics of the alveoli make them ideal for gas exchange?
1. DISTANCE
Thin membrane → 0.1 and 0.2 um
2. SURFACE AREA
150 million alveoli/lung → cover half a tennis court = 40 x S.A of a human body
3. AMOUNT
O2
rich alveolus + O2
poor capillary
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Respiratory Structures - Gas Exchange
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Respiratory Structures PLEURAL MEMBRANE● THIN, FLUID-FILLED ● SURROUNDS LUNG● INNER WALL OF THE CHEST CAVITY
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Respiratory Structures
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Respiratory Structures DIAPHRAGM● DOME-SHAPED MUSCLE ● PRIMARY MUSCLE IN BREATHING
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Respiratory Structures INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES● EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL● CAUSE RIBS TO MOVE
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INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES
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PROCESSES
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INSPIRATION AND EXPIRATION
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INSPIRATION AND EXPIRATION
INSPIRATION● DIAPHRAGM CONTRACTS
= FLATTENS● INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES
CONTRACT● RIB CAGE MOVES
UPWARD + OUTWARD● INCREASE IN CHEST
CAVITY ● PRESSURE IN THE LUNGS
DECREASES● AIR MOVES INTO THE
LUNGS (DOWN THE PRESSURE GRADIENT)
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INSPIRATION AND EXPIRATION
EXPIRATION● DIAPHRAGM RELAXES
= DOME-SHAPED● INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES RELAX● RIB CAGE MOVES DOWNWARD● DECREASE IN CHEST CAVITY ● PRESSURE IN THE LUNGS
INCREASES● AIR MOVES OUT OF THE LUNGS
(DOWN THE PRESSURE GRADIENT)
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WHY IS GUNSHOT SO FATAL?
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Respiratory Structures