respiratory system chapter 23. respiration overview
TRANSCRIPT
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Respiratory
System
Chapter 23
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Respiration Overview
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The Respiratory System
• Provides a means of gas exchange between the environment and the body
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The Components of the Respiratory System
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1. Upper Respiratory Passages: nose/mouth, pharynx (back of the mouth), larynx (voice box), trachea, bronchi & bronchioles
• Filter, warm & moisten air• Trachea & bronchi are lined with cilia that move
mucus towards throat
2. Lower Respiratory Passages: alveoli
• Thin walled sacs where diffusion of O2 and CO2
takes place
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• Inhalation – ribcage expands, diaphragm contracts downward, space in chest cavity ↑, pressure in chest cavity ↓, and air from outside rushes in
• Exhalation – ribs drop, diaphragm relaxes upward, space in chest cavity ↓ , pressure in chest cavity ↑, and air from inside rushes out
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Control of Respiration
• Breathing is usually an involuntary process• Controlled by medulla oblongata
• When levels of CO2 ↑, it sends nerve signals to contract the intercostals & diaphragm
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Common Disorders
• Cystic Fibrosis – genetic disease, too much respiratory mucus is produced, breathing is difficult
• Pneumonia – fluids leak into alveoli due to inflammation (typically from an infection), bronchioles swell and constrict
• Emphysema – shortness of breath due to damage of alveoli, mainly due to smoking
• Lung cancer – deadliest type of cancer
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