respiratory system
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Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
RESPIRATORY SYSTEMPowerPoint® Lecture Slide Presentation by Robert J. Sullivan, Marist College
EXCHANGE OF GASES
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What is Human Respiration?
The human respiratory system allows one to obtain oxygen, eliminate carbon dioxide.
Breathing consists of two phases, inspiration and expiration Inspiration- the process of taking in
air Expiration- the process of blowing out
air
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Human Respiratory System
Figure 10.1
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Organs in the Respiratory SystemSTRUCTURE FUNCTION
nose / nasal cavity warms, moistens, & filters air as it is inhaled
pharynx (throat) passageway for air, leads to trachea
larynx the voice box, where vocal chords are located
trachea (windpipe) keeps the windpipe "open"
trachea is lined with fine hairs called cilia which filter air before it reaches the lungs
bronchi two branches at the end of the trachea, each lead to a lung
bronchioles a network of smaller branches leading from the
bronchi into the lung tissue & ultimately to air sacs
alveoli the functional respiratory units in the lung where gases are exchanged
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Components of the Upper Respiratory Tract
Figure 10.2
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Passageway for respiration Receptors for smell Filters incoming air to filter larger
foreign material Moistens and warms incoming air Resonating chambers for voice
Upper Respiratory Tract Functions
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Components of the Lower Respiratory Tract
Figure 10.3
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Functions: Larynx: maintains an open airway, routes food and air appropriately, assists in sound production
Trachea: transports air to and from lungs Bronchi: branch into lungs Lungs: transport air to alveoli for gas exchange
Lower Respiratory Tract
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Gas Exchange Between the Blood and Alveoli
Figure 10.8A
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Respiratory Cycle
Figure 10.9
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http://teachhealthk-12.uthscsa.edu/studentresources/AnatomyofBreathing3.swf
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Measurement of Lung Capacity
Figure 10.10A
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Malfunctions & Diseases of the Respiratory System
asthmasevere allergic reaction characterized by the constriction of bronchioles
bronchitis inflammation of the lining of the bronchioles
emphysemacondition in which the alveoli deteriorate, causing the lungs to lose their elasticity
pneumoniacondition in which the alveoli become filled with fluid, preventing the exchange of gases
lung cancer irregular & uncontrolled growth of tumors in the lung tissue
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Breathing (ventilation): air in to and out of lungs
External respiration: gas exchange between air and blood
Internal respiration: gas exchange between blood and tissues
Cellular respiration: oxygen use to produce ATP, carbon dioxide as waste
Four Respiration Processes