Respiratory, Muscular and Skeletal Systems

Specialized Tissues• What are groups

of similar cells called?

• What are the 4 basic types of tissues in animals?

• Tissues

1. Epithelial2. Connective3. Nervous4. Muscle

Epithelial Tissue• Define:

• Examples:

• Include glands and tissues that cover internal and external body structures• Skin• Linings of blood

vessels• Lining of

digestive tract

• Functions: • Protect tissues beneath• Absorption of gases &

nutrients• Secretion of substances• Provide sensation

Connective Tissue• Define:

• Characteristics come from:

• What is the extracellular matrix?

• Provides support for body and connects its parts

• The extracellular matrix

• non-living material that surrounds and supports the living cells.

• Examples: • Blood• Bone• Ligaments/

tendons• Cartilage• Adipose (fat)• Mesenteries

• What is the matrix of blood?

• What are the cells of blood?

• Plasma (55% 0f blood volume)

• Red Blood Cells• White Blood Cells• Platelets

• What is the matrix of bone?

• What are the cells of bone?

• Collagen protein• Calcium

Phosphate

• Osteocytes

• What is the matrix of cartilage?

• What are the cells of cartilage?

• Collagen protein• Elastin fibers

• Chondrocytes

• Why does bone heal quickly?

• Why does cartilage heal slowly/not at all?

• Large blood supply

• No blood supply

Nervous Tissue• Define:

• Examples:

• Tissue that transmits nerve impulses through body

• Brain• Spinal Cord• Sensory & Motor

Nerves

Muscle Tissue• Define:

• Examples:

• Tissue is made of "excitable" cells that are capable of contraction• Most abundant tissue

type in most animals• Skeletal• Smooth• Cardiac

Respiratory System• Function of

system:

• Relationship to cellular respiration:

• Brings about the exchange of O2 and CO2 between the blood, the air and the tissues of an organism

• Provides O2 to the cells so that glucose can be broken down/converted to ATP

The Respiratory System & Metabolism

• What is cellular metabolism?

• The chemical processes occurring within a living cell that are necessary for the maintenance of life

The Respiratory System & Metabolism, cont.• Building of larger

molecules from smaller ones:• Energy is:

• Breaking down of larger molecules to smaller:• Energy is:

• Anabolism

• Used

• Catabolism

• Released

Structures of Respiratory System• Main organs:

• Place of gas exchange:

• Other structures:

• Lungs

• Alveoli (clusters of air sacs that look like grapes)

• Trachea• Left/Right

Bronchi• Bronchioles• Diaphragm

Muscular System• Function of

system:

• What are the 2 basic types of muscle action?

• To provide movement for and within the body

• Voluntary• Involuntary

Energy Needs of Muscle Types• What cellular

organelle is found in great numbers in muscle cells?• What 2 muscle types

require constant energy?• What 2 muscle types

can require a rapid input of energy?

• Mitochondrion

• Cardiac• Smooth

• Cardiac• Skeletal

Body Systems & Cellular Respiration• What system provides

energy?• What system takes

nutrients, gases & wastes to/from cells?• What system provides gas

exchange?• What system controls

lungs?• What system controls the

others?

• Digestive

• Circulatory

• Respiratory

• Muscular

• Nervous

Skeletal System• Functions: • Supports body

• Protects internal organs• Provides

movement• Stores mineral

reserves• Site of blood cell

formation

Skeletal System, cont.• What is an

endoskeleton?• Organisms with

endoskeleton:

• An internal skeleton• Mammals• Reptiles• Amphibians• Birds• Fish

Skeletal System, cont.• What is an

exoskeleton?• Organisms with

exoskeleton:

• Organisms with both:

• An external skeleton• Insects• Crustaceans• Mollusks

• Tortoise• Armadillo

Skeletal System, cont.• Where do bones

meet?

• What holds 2 or more bones together?

• What attaches muscle to bone?

• Joints

• Ligaments

• Tendons