RespiratoryBy: Shelby Drews, Mickey Drewy, & Meghan Darst

Nasal Cavity

Nose

Mouth

Bronchus

Bronchiole

Alveolus

Diaphragm

Throat

(pharynx)

Windpipe (Trachea)

Left lungs

Ribs

The Anatomy & Physiology

Nose & Nasal Cavity • Main external

opening of the respiratory system

• The Nose is made up of cartilage, bone, and skin

• Nasal cavity is just a hollow space

• The nose actually provides support and protection to the nasal cavity

• The cavity is lined with mucus to trap dirt and other particles before they go into the body

• The cold air from outside is warmed in the nasal cavity before breathing it in.

The Anatomy & Physiology

Mouth

• Only other external component part of the respiratory system

• Lacks hairs and mucus membranes that keep out of particles

• Also warms and moisturizes air

The Anatomy & Physiology

Pharynx• AKA the Throat • Resembles a funnel made

out of mucus • Acts as an intermediary

between nasal cavity, larynx, esophagus, and lungs

• Epiglottis switches across between esophagus and trachea ( trachea is where air goes and food goes to the esophagus)

The Anatomy & Physiology

Larynx • AKA your voice box• Connects the

laryngopharynx to the trachea

• Includes epiglottis and thyroid cartilage

• Adams Apple

The Anatomy & Physiology

Trachea • AKA the windpipe • Tube-shaped, 5inches in

diameter• Lined with C Shaped rings

to keep it open • Allowed to open end to

face the esophagus • Filters air before entering

the lungs

The Anatomy & Physiology

Bronchi • 2 primary bronchi run into

each of the lungs & then branch off into secondary and tertiary bronchi

• Secondary bronchi carry air to the lobes of the lungs

• Tertiary bronchi split into what looks like a tree and spread out throughout the lungs into smaller sections called bronchioles

• Bronchioles split into thermal bronchioles

• Conduct the air to the lungs alveoli

• Ensures air from the trachea reaches all sections of the lungs

The Anatomy & Physiology

Lungs • Surrounds by a membrane

that allows them to have enough space when they fill the air

• Left lung is smaller with only 2 lobes since it is closer to the heart; right lung is bigger and has 3 lobes

• Resembles a sponge made up of millions of alveoli

• Because of the alveoli the air that goes through them can exchange gases with the blood

The Anatomy & Physiology

The Diaphragm Fun Fact: The body takes in and breathes out about 10 liters of air each minute

The muscle membrane that helps you breath in and out by changing the pressure in your chest cavity

The Anatomy & Physiology

Diseases of the Lungs

Asthma Inflames bronchial tubes Triggers:

pollen, smoke, animal fur, etc. Symptoms:

wheezing, nonstop coughing, shortness of breath, & tightness in chest

Inherited & prefers males Treatment:

Glucocorticoids (asthma medicine)

Common Disorders

Common Disorders

Common Disorders

Cystic Fibrosis Chronic, Inherited (recessive gene) Affects secretory cells in lungs,

pancreas, sweat glands & salivary glands Mucus, sweat and digestive juices

Symptoms: Excess mucus, coughing blood, diabetes,

delayed development, shortness of breath, constant infections

Life expectancy: 37 years

Common Disorders

Treatment No cure Prevention

Antibiotics, mucus-thinning drugs, breathing treatments, inflatable vest, oxygen therapy, lung transplant, feeding tube

Caregivers Help with feeding & exercise, treatments

and sometimes bedridden patients

Common Disorders

Common Disorders

Common Disorders

COPD Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Group of lung diseases that block airflow

and make it difficult to breathe Genetic & also acquired Symptoms:

Coughing, respiratory infections, hyperventilation, anxiety, tires easily, weight loss, fast heart rate

Common Disorders

COPD cont. 4th leading cause of death in U.S. Treatment:

No cure Lifestyle changes: better diet, quit

smoking, avoid lung irritants, breathing treatments, flu shots, oxygen therapy

Common Disorders

Common Disorders

Respiratory System The respiratory system is a complex

biological system comprised of several organs that facilitate the inhalation and exhalation of oxygen and carbon dioxide in breathing organisms.

Comparing the simple, intermediate, and complex systems

• Sponges and jellyfish lack specialized organs for gas exchange and take in gases directly from the surrounding water. Flatworms and annelids use their outer surfaces as gas exchange surfaces. Arthropods, annelids, and fish use gills; terrestrial vertebrates utilize internal lungs

Gills

Simple

Lungs-Complex

Lungs are ingrowth of the body wall and connect to the outside by a series of tubes and small openings. Lungs are not entirely the sole property vertebrates, some terrestrial snails have a gas exchange structures similar to those in a frog.

Trachea- Intermediate