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Resource Article Reference Text Occurs

1 Chronicles (Hermeneia) 2. Commentaries, Short

Titles

1 Ch Chronicler‘s History.‖ Th.D. diss. Harvard Divinity School,

1964. Lemke, ―Synoptic Problem‖ ______. ―The Synoptic

Problem in the Chronicler‘s History,‖ HTR 58 (1965) 349–63.

Levin, ―Understanding…

2

1 Chronicles (Hermeneia) Textual Characteristics of

the Chronicler‘s Vorlage

in Samuel…

1 Ch see discussion of Ulrich below) Dissertations at Harvard

University by Werner Lemke,242 Eugene Charles Ulrich

Jr.,243 and Steven L. McKenzie244 explored aspects of

this divergent…

2

1 Chronicles (Hermeneia) Detailed Commentary 1 Ch 13:9 is ill advised; the Chronicler‘s divergent reading is attested

already in 4QSama and Sam LXX.47 ■ 10* Yahweh

became angry with Uzzah and struck him because he

had put his hand against the…

1

1 Chronicles (Hermeneia) 14:1–17 Hiram‘s Support;

David‘s Wives and

Children; Defeat of…

1 Ch 14:1–17 water.‖ Therefore they call the name of that place Baal-

perazim. 12/ They left their gods16 there, and David

commanded that they should be burned with fire.17 13/

Once more the…

1

1 Chronicles (Hermeneia) 21:1–22:1 David‘s Census

and Acquisition of Future

Temple Site…

1 Ch 21:1–22:1 out against Jerusalem. David and the elders, covered

with sackcloth, fell on their faces.30 17/ David said to

God, ―Was it not I who gave the command to number

the people. It was I who…

1

1 Chronicles (Hermeneia) Detailed Commentary 1 Ch 21:16 Samuel MT, and does not reflect exclusively the thoughts

of the Chronicler (see textual note 30). The angel

hovering in midair seems to represent a mediating role

between God and the world…

1

ABC Purpose Mk put into writing what he heard from Peter. (See TOT on for

a fuller discussion of the Synoptic Problem.)

1

Answering Islam: The

Crescent in Light of the

Cross

A Response to Islamic

Charges

p 219 by those committed to historical-critical theology does

not deserve to be called science.‖21 The author adds,

―The Gospels are not works of literature that creatively

reshape already…

1

Answering Islam: The

Crescent in Light of the

Cross

Bibliography p 345 or Ideology? Translated by Robert Yarbrough. Grand

Rapids: Baker, 1990. ———. Is There a Synoptic Problem?

Rethinking the Literary Dependence of the First Three

Gospels. Translated by Robert…

1

Answers to Tough Questions What Is Q? for a solution as to how these similarities and dissimilarities

occurred is known as the ―synoptic problem,‖ while

―source criticism‖ is the field of study devoted to solving

the problem. The…

3


Apocrypha of the Old

Testament

§ 5. Original Language Tob Testament scholars as being inadequate and useless

contributions to the solution of the Synoptic Problem,

hypotheses such as this of Marshall‘s and Bickell‘s7 must

also fail in the case of…

1

Apocrypha of the Old

Testament

§ 9. The Versions Bar inferior renderings, and in a large number of passages

indicated in the notes we have expansions1 in the Syriac

text itself, evidently in some cases added in later copies.

But in some of the…

1

Baker Encyclopedia of

Christian Apologetics

Negative New Testament

Criticism.

p 86 Source criticism in the New Testament over the past

century has focused on the so-called ―Synoptic

problem,‖ since it relates to difficulties surrounding

attempts to devise a scheme of literary…

2



Evaluation. p 91 O. Cullmann, The Christology of the New Testament W. R.

Farmer, The Synoptic Problem R. Gundry, Matthew: A

Commentary on His Literary and Theological Art G. Hasel,

New Testament Theology…

2



Conclusion. p 99 Old Testament A. Jeffery, ed., Islam, Muhammad and his

Religion E. Linnemann, Is There a Synoptic Problem?


Gospels J. McDowell, The Islam…

1



Conclusion. p 296 to the Bible R. M. Grant, Gnosticism and Early Christianity

E. Linneman, Is There a Synoptic Problem? E. Pagels, The

Gnostic Gospels J. A. Robinson, Redating the New

Testament J. M…

1



Conclusion. p 521 to the Bible R. M. Grant, Gnosticism and Early Christianity

E. Linneman, Is There a Synoptic Problem? J. P. Moreland,

ed., Jesus under Fire J. M. Robinson, The Nag Hammadi

Library in English…

1



Conclusion. p 530 to the New Testament J. Wenham, Redating Matthew,

Mark, and Luke: A Fresh Assault on the Synoptic Problem

E. Yamauchi, ―Easter—Myth, Hallucination, or History,‖

Christianity Today (15 March 1974…

1



History of the Q

Hypothesis.

p 618 Jesus‘ ―sayings,‖ rather than both ―what the Lord said or

did‖ (see Linnemann, Is There a Synoptic Problem? 20).

Later, Christian Hermann Weisse (1801–1866) claimed that

this saying-source was…

1




Conclusion. p 621 Jesus Under Siege W. Farmer, The Synoptic Problem: A

Critical Analysis E. Linnemann, ―Is There a Q?‖ BR

(October 1995) ———, Is There a Synoptic Problem? B.

Mack, The Lost Gospel: The Book of…

3



Bibliography p 800 Philosophical Library, 1961. Farmer, William R. The Synoptic

Problem. New York: Macmillan, 1964. Farmer, William. The

Synoptic Problem: A Critical Analysis. Dillsboro:: Western

North Carolina…

4

Baker Encyclopedia of the

Bible

The Problems and Sources p 1144 and differences between the Gospels of Matthew, Mark,

and Luke (commonly known as the Synoptic Problem).

The word ―synoptic‖ gives the key to the similarity in the

arrangement of these…

1


Bible

Problem p 1988 Therefore, the problem rests with the Synoptics and its

study is often termed the synoptic problem. Its chief task is

unraveling the mystery of why the synoptic Gospels have

so much…

1


Bible

Methods of Interpretation p 1989 critical edition of the Greek NT in 1831, but four years later

made a breakthrough in the synoptic problem by

analyzing the order of events in each Gospel. Lachmann

found the following: when…

1


Bible

Assessment p 1990 OF; BIBLICAL CRITICISM; NEW TESTAMENT;

DEMYTHOLOGIZATION. Bibliography. W.R. Farmer, The

Synoptic Problem: A Critical Analysis; D. Guthrie, NT

Introduction; W.G. Kümmel, NT Introduction; R.P…

1


Bible

Synoptic Gospels p 2009 to account for both the similarities and differences within

these Gospels constitute the ―synoptic problem.‖

Solutions have been sought in many ways. As early as the

2nd century Tatian combined…

4


Bible

Synoptic Problem p 2009 Synoptic Problem. See SYNOPTIC GOSPELS. 1

Baker Exegetical

Commentary on the New

Testament: Luke 1:1-9:50

Sources p 7 the Gospel. The sources of Luke‘s work are a debated

part of a complex area known as the Synoptic problem.4

Numerous approaches to the issue have been suggested.

Some argue for the independence…

1

Baker Exegetical



Additional Notes Lk 2:22 is the first Gospel, while Luke and Matthew shared a

common source(s) of sayings, known as Q.38 2:27. Some

make a conclusion about sources from the plural

reference to parents in Luke 2 by…

1


Baker Exegetical



2. Jesus‘ Message: An

Offer and the Call to Love

(6:20–49)

Lk 6:20–49 not found in Luke, it is clear that Luke chose to give the

sermon in a much briefer form.22 As these differences

and the relationship of Luke to Matthew are discussed

above in the section…

1

Baker Exegetical



Provisional Bibliography p 965 New Testament Commentaries. Philadelphia:

Trinity/London: SCM. Farmer, W. R. 1964 The Synoptic

Problem: A Critical Analysis. New York: Macmillan.

Reprinted Dillsboro, N.C.: Western North…

4

Baker Exegetical



Index of Subjects p 987 healings 434 leaders/rulers 791–92, 1216–17 Scripture in

403–4 service 403–4, 411–12 Synoptic problem 7–13, 1651,

1653–54 Syria 388, 904–5, 907, 912 tabernacle 524, 696

Tabernacles…

1

Baker Exegetical



Index of Authors p 987 n. 6, 921 n. 7 McHugh, J. 752 McKelvey, R. J. 1603

McKnight, S. 6, 55 n. 4, 257 n. 38, 914 n. 1 Mackowski, R. M.

1908 MacLaurin, E. C. B. 1074 McNeile, A. H. 1160, 1689…

1

Baker Exegetical



Works Cited p 1984 Some of the Synoptic Material Peculiar to Luke.‖ New

Testament Studies 8:301–16. 1964 The Synoptic

Problem: A Critical Analysis. New York: Macmillan.

Reprinted Dillsboro, N.C.: Western North…

4

Baker Exegetical



Index of Subjects p 2038 healings 434 leaders/rulers 791–92, 1216–17 Scripture in

403–4 service 403–4, 411–12 Synoptic problem 7–13, 1651,

1653–54 Syria 388, 904–5, 907, 912 tabernacle 524, 696

Tabernacles…

1

Baker Exegetical



Index of Authors p 2054 n. 6, 921 n. 7 McHugh, J. 752 McKelvey, R. J. 1603

McKnight, S. 6, 55 n. 4, 257 n. 38, 914 n. 1 Mackowski, R. M.

1908 MacLaurin, E. C. B. 1074 McNeile, A. H. 1160, 1689…

1

Baker Exegetical


Testament: Romans

Works Cited p 865 Eerdmans. Wenham, J. 1992 Redating Matthew, Mark,

and Luke: A Fresh Assault on the Synoptic Problem.

Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity. Westerholm, S. 1984

―Letter and Spirit: The…

1

Baker NTC: 2 Corinthians 2. Place p 18 that reads: ―The second epistle to the Corinthians written

from Philippi by Titus and Luke.‖38 The church in Philippi

was the first one Paul founded in Macedonia and had

become dear to him…

1


Baker NTC: 2 Corinthians 1. Avoiding Criticism 2 Co 8:18 53 The suggestion that Luke‘s Gospel circulated in the

churches of the 50s cannot be proved.54 Last, in the list of

fellow travelers who are in charge of safeguarding the

collection, no one…

1

Baker NTC: 2 Corinthians Studies 2 Co 13:13 Siebeck, 1987. Wenham, John. Redating Matthew, Mark


London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1991. White, John L.

―Ancient Greek Letters.‖ In Greco…

1

Baker NTC: Luke 2. Material Found Also in

Mark

p 21 A considerable portion of Luke‘s Gospel reminds one of

Mark. This introduces us to the Synoptic Problem. Since this

subject has already been treated in some detail,7 only a

reference to it…

1

Baker NTC: Luke E. A triumph is celebrated Lk 5:26 6; Luke 5:24), point in the direction of literary

dependence? See the discussion of the Synoptic Problem

in N.T.C. on Matthew, pp. 6–54. Literally the closing

statement of verse 24 (Jesus…

1

Baker NTC: Mark II. When and Where Was

It Written?

p 14 As has been shown in N.T.C. on The Gospel according to

Matthew—see the section on The Synoptic

Problem—Mark was probably written before Matthew,

and Matthew before Luke. Luke‘s Gospel, in…

1

Baker NTC: Mark 2:1–12 The Healing of a

Paralytic

Mk 2:8 may know that the Son of man has authority on earth to

forgive sins (he said to the paralytic)70 I say to you, get

up, take up your pallet and go home. Jesus perceived in

his spirit what these…

1

Baker NTC: Mark 4:30–32 The Parable of

the Mustard Seed

Mk 4:30 that the birds of the air can lodge160 under its shade.‖ In

our treatment of The Synoptic Problem (N.T.C. on

Matthew, pp. 6–54) it was pointed out that one of the

reasons why Matthew…

1

Baker NTC: Mark 8:1–10 The Feeding of the

Four Thousand

Mk 8:1 having before him the account of the other, equally

inspired. See N.T.C. on Matthew, The Synoptic Problem,

pp. 6–54. 1–3. In those days when again a huge crowd

had gathered, and they had nothing…

1

Baker NTC: Matthew Table of Contents p v and John II. To the three: Matthew, Mark, and Luke

(The Synoptics) A. Their Origin (The Synoptic Problem) B.

Their Reliability INTRODUCTION TO THE GOSPEL

ACCORDING TO MATTHEW I. Characteristics …

1


Baker NTC: Matthew A. Their Origin (The

Synoptic Problem)

p 6 Their Origin (The Synoptic Problem) The first three Gospels

present the same general view of the life and teachings

of our Lord; hence are called The Synoptics (a viewing

together). They are…

1

Baker NTC: Matthew c. In the order of events

as recorded in these

three Gospels

p 12 Gospel, however, that some see a difficulty.10 One

author who made a study of the Synoptic problem says,

―In Luke, as everybody who has tried it knows, it is

distinctly harder than in the…

1

Baker NTC: Matthew 3. The Resulting Problem p 32 The Resulting Problem The facts having now been stated,

it will be evident that the Synoptic Problem consists in this,

that as to contents, wording, and arrangement there is

considerable…

1

Baker NTC: Matthew c. Fragments theory p 35 fragment theory may be true in part, it cannot be

considered a complete solution of the Synoptic Problem.

It is by no means adequate as an explanation. For, first of

all, the theory rests upon a…

1

Baker NTC: Matthew (2) The Priority of Mark p 36 that Matthew and Luke, each independently, used Mark

is shared by scholars all over the world.34 In a qualified

sense (see pp. 43, 51–54), as concerns the three Synoptics

as we have them in…

1

Baker NTC: Matthew (d) The matter of style p 46 a man whose relation to Christ was not nearly as close. c.

Therefore Matthew did not use Mark.43 Syllogism 2 a.

Literary comparison proves that the Gospel which is by

tradition ascribed to…

1

Baker NTC: Matthew (3) ―Q‖ p 49 the spoken word has not diminished. Accordingly, in our

attempt to find a solution to The Synoptic Problem we

turn next to:

1

Baker NTC: Matthew e. Oral Tradition p 51 8; Deut. 6:7, 20–25; 11:19; Josh. 24:26–28).53 It must be

admitted, therefore, that the Synoptic Problem is not

solved by placing all the emphasis on literary relationships

between the…

1

Baker NTC: Matthew f. Concluding Summary p 53 the following would seem to be a fair statement

embodying a partial solution of the Synoptic Problem:

1

Baker NTC: Matthew General Bibliography Mt 28:20 Kampen, 1971. De Solages, B., A Greek Synopsis of the

Gospels, a New Way of Solving the Synoptic Problem,

Leiden, 1959. Dibelius, M., From Tradition to Gospel (tr. of

Die Formgeschichte des…

2


Baker NTC: Pastorals 5:17–25 1 Ti 5:18 be quoting from a collection of sayings which presumably

was used as a source of Luke‘s Gospel.84 By combining

the two quotations, and viewing them in the light of

preceding context, we notice…

1

Believer‘s Bible Commentary VI. The Synoptic Question and yet also so many differences among the first three

Gospels is usually called the ―Synoptic problem.‖ It is

much more of a problem for those who deny inspiration

than for conservative…

1

Matthew (BCBC) Outline p 428 synoptic tradition and synoptic problem. Synoptic

tradition refers to the common body of sayings and stories

on which the synoptic Gospels draw. The synoptic

problem is the question of how to…

2

The Bible Knowledge

Commentary

The Synoptic Problem V 2, p 13 Synoptic Problem 1

The Bible Knowledge

Commentary

1. The Problem Stated. V 2, p 13 and differences raise the question of the sources of the

Gospels, thus positing a ―Synoptic problem.‖ Most

conservative scholars acknowledge that the Gospel

writers made use of various…

1

The Bible Knowledge

Commentary

2. A Proposed Solution. V 2, p 15 that is free from all error. Fourth, another element must be

included to help solve the Synoptic problem, namely, the

dynamic of the Holy Spirit‘s ministry of inspiration as the

Gospel writers…

1

The Bible Knowledge

Commentary

Sources. V 2, p 97; 98 independently in addition to Mark. (For further discussion

and an alternate view on the Synoptic problem [priority

of Matt.] see the Introduction to Matt.)

1

Biblical Hermeneutics A Student‘s Glossary for

Biblical Studies

p 450 and is used largely in conservative circles. Griesbach

Hypothesis. A solution to the synoptic problem proposed

by J. J. Griesbach (1783), which holds that Matthew was

the earliest Gospel…

4

Biblical Theology (OT) 4. A Theology of

Chronicles

p 157 major areas of discussion in Old Testament scholarship is

the ―synoptic problem‖ of 1 and 2 Chronicles vis-á-vis

Samuel-Kings.1 Whereas these great historical works

coincide and agree in many…

2

Biographical Entries from

New 20th-Century

Encyclopedia of Religious

Knowledge

Sanday, William Magic, and Morals‖ (1909), Personality in Christ and

Ourselves (1911), Studies in the Synoptic Problem (1911),

The Primitive Church and Reunion (1913), Bishop Gore‘s

Challenge to Criticism…

1



New 20th-Century


Knowledge

Streeter, Burnet Hillman work was in the field of NT studies. He wrote an essay in

the Oxford Studies in the Synoptic Problem (1911) and The

Four Gospels: A Study of Origins (1924). He edited

Foundations (1912…

1


New 20th-Century


Knowledge

Williams, Norman Powell Study (1927) and The Grace of God (1930). He

contributed to Oxford Studies in the Synoptic Problem

(1911), Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics (1910–34),

Essays, Catholic and Critical…

1

The College Press NIV

Commentary: Matthew

History of Interpretation Gospel, and hence the most reliable for a reconstruction

of the life and teachings of Jesus.2 As a result, Matthew

was gradually dismissed by many (esp. German

scholarship), as a secondary…

2


Commentary: New

Testament Introduction

The Synoptic Problem p 123 SYNOPTIC PROBLEM Bibliography: K. Aland, Synopsis of the

Four Gospels; W.R. Farmer, The Synoptic Problem; FBK;

A.M. Farrer, ―On Dispensing with Q‖ in D.E. Nineham, ed.,

Studies in the Gospels…

3


Commentary: New

Testament Introduction

Farmer and His School p 128 to have been a ―crank‖ to use Matthew was also in error.

But Farmer‘s own solution to the Synoptic problem is not

without its difficulties either. Farmer gives too little effort to

discussing oral…

1

Comical Doctrine: An

Epistemology of New

Testament Hermeneutics

3.2 Readers and Reading

Considered

p 118 upon, form criticism, together with a particular source-

critical solution to the synoptic problem. These

dependencies made weak foundations upon which to

build but there were also…

1


Testament Use of the Old

Testament

Bibliography p 108 Translated by H. Heartwell. OTL. Philadelphia: Westminster.

Wenham, D. 1972. ―The Synoptic Problem Revisited: Some

New Suggestions about the Composition of Mark 4:1–34.‖

TynBul 23: 3–38…

1


Testament Use of the Old

Testament

Bibliography p 404 1994b. ―Matthew 11:19b/Luke 7:35: A Test Case for the

Bearing of Q Christology on the Synoptic Problem.‖ Pages

128–46 in Jesus of Nazareth: Lord and Christ; Essays on the

Historical Jesus and…

2

The Concise Dictionary of

Christian Theology

Synoptic problem p 195 Synoptic problem The question of the relationship

between the three Synoptic Gospels and their relative

dependence on one another.

1

Matthew, Mark

(Cornerstone)

Introduction to Matthew p 3 become somewhat passé, due largely to the dominance

of the Marcan priority view of the synoptic problem and

the ensuing focus on Mark as purportedly embodying an

earlier and more authentic…

1


Matthew, Mark

(Cornerstone)

Gospel Genre: The

Question of History and

Theology

p 8 was written to begin with. This will become increasingly

evident as the discussion of the synoptic problem

proceeds.

1

Matthew, Mark

(Cornerstone)

Source Criticism and the

Synoptic Problem

p 8 Criticism and the Synoptic Problem. Even a cursory

reading of the Gospels reveals the fundamental difficulty

known as the ―Synoptic Problem‖—that is, why are the

first three Gospels so…

4

Matthew, Mark

(Cornerstone)

Literary Style p 12 and M. Those who work with Matthew from the viewpoint

of the Marcan priority view of the synoptic problem

conclude that Matthew has often abbreviated Mark‘s

account of a particular episode in…

2

Matthew, Mark

(Cornerstone)

Commentary Mt 13:53–58 among scholars who believe that Matthew was

depending on Mark (cf. the discussion of the synoptic

problem in the ―Literary Style‖ section of the Introduction)

is that at this point Matthew ceases…

1

Matthew, Mark

(Cornerstone)

The Synoptic Problem Mt 24:1–14 Synoptic Problem. In seeking any solution to the synoptic

problem (see the discussion of this matter in the

Introduction to the commentary), it must be

acknowledged that Matthew‘s version of the…

2

Matthew, Mark

(Cornerstone)

Bibliography p 384 4 vols. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson (Orig. pub. c1675).

Linnemann, E. 1992 Is There a Synoptic Problem? Trans.

R. Yarbrough. Grand Rapids: Baker. Lloyd-Jones, D. M.

1981 Studies in the Sermon…

1

Matthew, Mark

(Cornerstone)

Bibliography p 560 Society and Roman Law in the New Testament. Oxford:

Clarendon. Stein, Robert H. 1987 The Synoptic Problem.

Grand Rapids: Baker. Strack, Herman, and Paul Billerbeck

1922–1961 Kommentar zum Neuen…

1

The Cosmopolitan World of

Jesus: New Light from

Archeology

Being on the Market p 111 ensconced in their world of post-Pauline Gospels, would

not even understand what he is saying.26 With Orme‘s

searching question in mind, we may wonder if the library

of the synagogue at Beroea…

1



Archeology

Taking Note p 123 not appear in Mark, and which permeates modern

Gospel research but which no one has ever seen.6 It is

quite sufficient to assume that Matthew was his own and

Luke‘s additional source, apart…

1



Archeology

Index of Sources p 161 101–2 (n.10) Ignatius Philadelphians 8.2 119 (n.47), n.26

Smyrnaeans 5.1 n.26 7.5 n.26 Jerome Adversus Helvidium

de Mariae virginitate perpetua n.28…

3




Archeology

Index of Subjects p 166 Gibson, Mel 75 Glastonbury 3 God-fearers 75, 112 Golan,

Oded 86, 88 (n.34) Goodacre, Mark n.6 gospel, meaning

of word 49–50 Gospels: authorship 123–4; date 11, n.11;

literary parodies 126…

1



Archeology

Index of Subjects p 166 119 libraries 107–12, 116–18, 119; synagogues 113 Luke n.2;

Acts 118; Gospel 117–18, n.26 McCowan, Alec 29 Maoza

19 mariology n.11 Mark, Gospel 117–18 Martial 24, 116

Mary (mother of…

1

Q (Hermeneia) Introduction p xix a cluster of factors that succeeded in accrediting Q as

the most viable solution to the Synoptic problem, and yet

in such a way that the reconstruction of a critical text of

Q hardly came in…

1

Q (Hermeneia) Papias‘ Aramaic λόγια:

From Schleiermacher and

Weisse to Holtzmann…

p xxiv therefore be left out of account in dealing with the

present series of Sayings.15 Kirsopp Lake16 immediately

threw his support to this shift in terminology: … few

criticisms have ever been…

3

Q (Hermeneia) Q as the Essence of

Christianity or the

Kerygma: Harnack vs.…

p xl of departure was more nearly that of Wellhausen than

that of Harnack. For it was Wellhausen72 who had

anticipated the new kerygmatic orientation: It is as the

crucified, resurrected and…

2

Q (Hermeneia) The Critical Edition of Q:

The International Q

Project

p lxxi mass of diverse data increasingly attainable, from which

methodological advances are emerging.171 Many

serious differences of opinion have characterized efforts

to reconstruct the text of Q in…

1

Daniel (Hermeneia) 1. The Influence of Daniel

on the New Testament

p 96 Son of Man in the Synoptic Sayings Source From about

1950 to 1975, the Synoptic Sayings Source38 was viewed

by most scholars as an eschatological or apocalyptic

document.39 Heinz E. Tödt…

1

Dictionary for Theological

Interpretation of the Bible

Gospels p 265 so heavily on relating the form in question to the

reconstructed Sitz im Leben. The Synoptic Problem

Because so little can be known about the precise dating

and origins of the Gospels, other…

1



Source Criticism p 763 and Modern Study, ed. H. H. Rowley. Oxford University

Press, 1961; Farmer, W. The Synoptic Problem. Macmillan,

1964; Grant, R. Pages 59–73, 107–18, 171–202 in Historical

Introduction to…

1



Synoptic Problem p 773 Synoptic Problem See Gospels; Source Criticism 1


DLNTD 4.1.1. Matthew preceded the Gospels, as well as in Acts. Dating Matthew

depends on a resolution of the Synoptic problem: how to

interpret the fact, for example, that 91 percent of Mark is

contained in Matthew…

1

DLNTD 4.1.2. Mark 6.14), as does Eusebius himself (Hist. Eccl. 2.15), hence

sometime pre-A.D. 65. Again the Synoptic problem

intrudes (see 4.1.1 above). If Markan priority (the majority

opinion) is assumed and…

1

Dictionary of the Old

Testament: Historical Books

4. The Message of the

Chronicler

p 180 and the Chronicler‘s History: A Reexamination,‖ JBL 122

(2003) 627–50; W. Lemke, ―The Synoptic Problem in the

Chronicler‘s History,‖ HTR 58 (1965) 627–50; Y. Levin, ―Who

Was the Chronicler‘s…

1

Eerdmans Bible Dictionary Gospels p 434 This riddle of order, priority, and dependence among the

three gospels is called the Synoptic Problem. See

SYNOPTIC GOSPELS. John‘s gospel stands alone in the

canon. It may well be the most…

1

Eerdmans Bible Dictionary I. Authorship and Sources p 701 remained unchallenged, but remains the most probable

way to account for the evidence. See SYNOPTIC

PROBLEM.

1

Eerdmans Bible Dictionary Synoptic Gospels p 976 by their sharp divergences in form and content,

constitutes what is known as the ―Synoptic problem.‖

1

Eerdmans Bible Dictionary I. Solutions p 976 century that the issue came under close scrutiny. Four

general approaches to the Synoptic problem emerged

from the discussion.

1

Eerdmans Bible Dictionary D. Mutual Usage

Hypothesis

p 976 source‖). In this manner scholars arrived at the two-source

(Mark and Q) solution to the Synoptic problem, with many

variations in details. In addition to these two major

sources used by Matthew…

1

Eerdmans Bible Dictionary Bibliography p 977 The History of the Synoptic Tradition, 2nd ed. (Oxford:

1968); W. R. Farmer, The Synoptic Problem (Macon: 1981);

P. Feine-J. Behm-W. G. Kümmel, Introduction to the New

Testament, 17th…

1

Eerdmans Dictionary of the

Bible

Biblical Criticism p 184 to the problem of the similarity and dissimilarity between

the first three Gospels, the ―Synoptic problem.‖ If the

Pentateuch resembled a weave of sources distinguished

either by their use of the…

1



Bible

Q p 1102 scholars as a component of the two-source theory in the

19th century, the solution to the Synoptic problem in

which Mark is the first Gospel (and the most reliable for

describing the ministry of…

1


Bible

Synoptic Gospels p 1262 the precise nature of this relationship is known as the

Synoptic Problem. The most widely held solution to the

Synoptic Problem today is the so-called Two Source

theory. This theory claims…

7

Evangelical Commentary

on the Bible

Introduction and other sources distinctive to each. As this is the most

widely held solution to the Synoptic Problem, it has much

to commend it and can be made to work in comparing

parallel passages. It…

1

Evangelical Review of

Theology, Volume 16, 1992

Redating Matthew, Mark

and Luke

p 331 lecturer in New Testament, London Bible College, London,

England. Why bother about the ‗Synoptic Problem‘? Isn‘t

it just another insoluble riddle we would do better to

forget about? John Wenham…

2

Evangelical Review of

Theology, Volume 21, 1997

Contributing Factors p 182 cosmetics and panty-hose‘—all this in combination with

considerable suspicion of the Synoptic problem. The

spectacle is one in which the powers that might maintain

integrity against all the…

1

EDNT ἄρχων, οντος, ὁ V 1, p 168 Q form (Matt 12:24 [does 9:34 have a Markan textual

basis?] par. Luke 11:15; on the Synoptic problem at this

point see Bultmann, History 13f., 52, 329f., 383; Schulz, Q

203ff…

1

EDNT υἱός, οῦ, ὁ V 3, p 382 und Arbeiten zur Bibel 4, 1989) 70–95. — W. O. WALKER,

―The Son of Man Question and the Synoptic Problem,‖

NTS 28 (1982) 374–88. — idem, ―The Son of Man: Some

Recent Developments,‖ CBQ 45…

1

Exploring the New

Testament, Volume 1: The

Gospels and Acts

Differences p 61 in Matthew and/or Luke. This combination of agreements

and differences has set the ‗synoptic problem‘ for

scholars: what is the likeliest explanation of these

phenomena in the Gospels…

1

Exploring the New


Gospels and Acts

Oral Tradition and the

Synoptic Problem

p 69 TRADITION AND THE SYNOPTIC PROBLEM Where does this

discussion get us? The majority view in scholarship remains

Markan priority, and most still believe in a common

source used by Matthew and…

1


Exploring the New


Gospels and Acts

Some Criticisms p 78 into different camps for redaction-critical study,

depending on their solution to the synoptic

problem—and it can thus be hard for the various groups

to engage with each other. More than that…

1

Exploring the New


Gospels and Acts

Introductory p 80 DJG articles: ‗Form Criticism‘, ‗Redaction Criticism‘,

‗Synoptic Problem‘, ‗Tradition Criticism‘.

1

Exploring the New


Gospels and Acts

Intermediate p 80 Press, 1963 (key collection of pioneering redaction-critical

essays). W. R. Farmer The Synoptic Problem, 2nd ed.

London/New York: Macmillan, 1976 (classic statement of

the ‗Griesbach‘ view that…

3

Exploring the New


Gospels and Acts

Assessment p 88 insights into the text where the historical content is not

certain: a solution to the synoptic problem is not required

in order to do narrative criticism! Narrative criticism also

takes…

1

Exploring the New


Gospels and Acts

Sources p 134 did not have other important independent sources

(written or oral). (See W. R. Farmer The Synoptic Problem.

New York: Macmillan, 1964, for a critical account of the

Markan priority theory, and ch…

1

EBC Intro D. Liberal Movement p 440 discovery of the Jesus of history. Source criticism and a

multiplicity of interpolation theories16 helped prune from

the Gospel accounts whatever was impossible to

emulate or whatever was beyond…

1

EBC Intro A. The Oral Theory p 444 of the great amount of material recorded in closely

parallel words in more than one Gospel.40 Though this

objection may be valid, all too often insufficient attention

has been given to the…

1

EBC Intro B. Source Theories p 445 During the nineteenth century, scholars poured much

energy into attempting to solve the synoptic

problem—i.e., the similarities and differences of material

contained in the first three Gospels…

3

EBC Intro B. Criticism and Inspiration p 455 synoptic problem, has no right to pronounce upon this

problem by suggesting that any approach aside from its

own is invalid. To say this is not to deny the difficulties of

the synoptic problem…

3

EBC Intro IV. The Synoptic Problem p 510 Synoptic Problem Literary and historical critics of the

Synoptics have raised a number of questions about their

origin and character.9 The more far-reaching of these

concern ―the synoptic problem…

6


EBC 1Ki–Job 10. Bibliography p 322 the Return and Reform.‖ Concordia Theological Monthly

33 (1962): 79–90. Lemke, W.E. ―The Synoptic Problem in

Chronicles‘ History.‖ Harvard Theological Review 58

(1965): 349–63. Macmillan, Kerr…

1

EBC Mt–Lk 1. The Criticism of

Matthew

p 4 Meanwhile J.J. Griesbach (1745–1812) laid the

foundations of the modern debate over the ―synoptic

problem‖ (cf. section 3) by arguing with some care for

the priority of both Matthew and Luke over…

1

EBC Mt–Lk 2. History and Theology p 10 5. Modern redaction criticism also suffers from

dependency on a particular solution to the synoptic

problem (cf. section 3). 6. Also, it fails to consider how

many changes from Mark to Matthew…

1

EBC Mt–Lk 3. The Synoptic Problem p 11 The Synoptic Problem The recent return of the synoptic

problem to center stage as the focus of much debate

(see section 1) necessitates some assessment of the

developments that impinge on…

11

EBC Mt–Lk 10. Text p 26 area, especially in examining the phenomenon of

harmonization in conjunction with the synoptic problem

(cf. section 3).59

1

EBC Mt–Lk c. Selected Articles p 48 Strecker, Jesus Christus, pp. 299–315. Fee, G.D. ―Modern

Text Criticism and the Synoptic Problem.‖ J.J. Griesbach:

Synoptic and Text-Critical Studies 1776–1976. Edited by

Bernard Orchard…

2

EBC Mt–Lk 1. The Setting (13:1–3a) Mt 13:3a is indeed prior or independent for all or part of this

chapter (as Wenham argues in ―The Synoptic Problem

Revisited‖), it supports an important point—viz., that it is

methodologically doubtful to…

1

EBC Mt–Lk 1) On Understanding

Parables (13:10–17)

Mt 13:11–12 are several Matt-Luke ―minor agreements‘ against Mark

here; for details cf. D. Wenham, ―Synoptic Problem‖), or

perhaps as a reference to the multiple elements bound

up with the basic…

1

EBC Mt–Lk 1. The Place of Mark‘s

Gospel in Biblical Studies

p 604 Die synoptischen Evangelien (Leipzig: Wilhelm

Engelmanns, 1863). Much work on the synoptic problem

pointing in the direction of the priority of Mark had been

done in Germany before…

1


EBC Mt–Lk 8. Bibliography p 613 The Evangelical Commentary on the Bible. Grand Rapids:

Zondervan, 1957. Farmer, W.R. The Synoptic Problem. New

York: Macmillan, 1964. _______. The Last Twelve Verses of

Mark. Cambridge: Cambridge…

1

EBC Mt–Lk 7. Method of Composition p 804 Method of Composition Since the synoptic problem

and the proposed frameworks for its solution involve some

of the same data for Matthew as for Luke, the reader

should consult the introduction to…

1

EBC Mt–Lk 12. Bibliography p 816 1974. Hawkins, John Caesas. Horae Synopticae;

Contributions to the Study of the Synoptic Problem. 1909.

Reprint. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1968. Hendriksen, William.

Exposition of the Gospel…

1

The First Christian Primer:

Matthew

Date p 2 DATE A. In many ways the date of the Gospel is linked

to the Synoptic problem. Which Gospel was written first

and who borrowed from whom? 1. Eusebius, in

Historical Ecclesiasticus, 3:39:15 said…

1

A General Introduction to

the Bible, Revised and

Expanded

Textual and Higher

Criticism Distinguished

p 436 Source criticism in the New Testament over the past

century has focused on the so-called Synoptic Problem,

since it relates to difficulties surrounding attempts to

devise a scheme of literary…

3

A General Introduction to

the Bible, Revised and

Expanded

Books p 604 F. The Last Twelve Verses of Mark. London: Cambridge

U.,1974. Farmer, William R. The Synoptic Problem. New

York: Macmillan, 1964. Ferm, Robert O. The Psychology of

Christian Conversion…

1

The Genre, Composition

and Hermeneutics of the

Epistle of James

B. Secondary Literature p 305 Study.‘ Scripta Hierosolymitana 22:100–122. Head, Peter

M. 1997 Christology and the Synoptic Problem: An

Argument for Markan Priority. Cambridge: Cambridge

University Press. Held, Heinz…

1

God, Revelation and

Authority

7. The Inerrancy of

Scripture

V 4, p 187 writers lived, and apparent textual divergences, as

reflected, for example, by the Synoptic problem.

Ridderbos seems to work his assumption in contrary

directions, moreover, when he…

1

God, Revelation and

Authority

14. The Fallibility of the

Exegete

V 4, p 327 to ignore. If we were dealing simply with three parallel

accounts, there would be no Synoptic problem. The three

Gospels, moreover, are virtually synchronous, and the

literary parallels are…

1


God, Revelation and

Authority


Exegete

V 4, p 328 Among recent efforts to reopen the question of the

Synoptic problem one must especially recognize William

R. Farmer‘s The Synoptic problem: A Critical Analysis (1964,

corrected edition, 1976…

2

God, Revelation and

Authority


Exegete

V 4, p 328 Synoptic problem is now being reinvestigated with more

vigor than at any time since B. H. Streeter‘s The Four

Gospels (1930). The development of source criticism and

of form criticism hangs in a…

1

God, Revelation and

Authority


Exegete

V 4, p 351 like a historical novel. The linguistic divergences that once

encouraged students of the synoptic problem to question

only general reliability in details these scholars now

project as evidence of…

1

God, Revelation and

Authority

15. Perspective on

Problem Passages

V 4, p 358 between Samuel and Chronicles or Chronicles and Kings.

In the New Testament we have the Synoptic problem.

Beyond, there are textual conflicts with modern historical,

scientific, ethical or…

1

God, Revelation and

Authority

15. Perspective on

Problem Passages

V 4, p 366 inspired human prophets and apostles. Some textual

phenomena, notably those posed by the Synoptic

problem and involving not entirely identical quotations of

Jesus‘ words, they believe, commit a…

1

God, Revelation and

Authority

Bibliography V 4, p 622 Lachmann Fallacy,‖ Address to the Chicago Society of

Biblical Research, 1961. _____. The Synoptic Problem: A

Critical Analysis. Corrected ed. Dillsboro, NC: Western

North Carolina Press, 1976…

1

MHT1 Chapter 8: The Verb: The

Moods

p 191 But we may attempt a further analysis, by way of

contribution to the minutiæ of the Synoptic problem. If

we go through the exx. of οὐ μή in Mk, we find that Mt

has faithfully taken over…

1

MHT2 Abbreviations p xxii by R. R. Ottley. 2 vols. 2nd ed. Cambridge, 1909. Oxford

Studies=Oxford Studies in the Synoptic Problem, ed. by W.

Sanday. Oxford, 1911. Parry=The Pastoral Epistles, with

introduction, text and…

1

Robertson, Grammar (e) Aramaisms. p 104 as the vernacular did in Lycaonia2 (Ac. 14:11). One

cannot at this point discuss the Synoptic problem. It is not

certain that Luke, probably a gentile, knew either

Aramaic or Hebrew, though…

1


The Great Reversal: Ethics

and the New Testament

b. Q p 53 Luke. Although the plausibility and necessity of the Q

hypothesis has sometimes been challenged,61 it

continues to command the assent of most scholars

working with the Gospel materials.62 The…

1

Handbook of Evangelical

Theologians

Pastoral Ministry and

Teaching in England

won second prize in the Ellerton Theological Essay

competition.20 He wrote on the Synoptic Problem with

special reference to the Gospel of Mark. He earned his

B.D. from Christ Church…

1

Handbook of Evangelical

Theologians

Introduction to the New

Testament

criticism, and the doctrine of inspiration. Part II, the

Special Introduction, covers the Synoptic Problem, the

Synoptic Gospels, John and Acts, the Pauline Letters, the

General Letters, Hebrews…

3

Hard Questions About the

Bible Made Easy

Contents p 3 tale?‖ 38 ―How are we able to know if we can trust

the existing New Testament?‖ 40 ―The Synoptic

problem cannot be solved, can it?‖ 42 ―Doesn‘t a

prior source undermine the originality of…

1


Bible Made Easy

―The Synoptic Problem

Cannot Be Solved, Can

It?‖

p 40 The Synoptic Problem Cannot Be Solved, Can It?‖ 1


Bible Made Easy

What‘s the Problem? p 41 and about 250 verses in Luke‘s Gospel have no parallel in

any of the other Gospels. The Synoptic Problem ―Where

did the authors of the synoptic Gospels get their material

from?‖ ―Were the…

2

Harmony of the Gospels Contents p viii Cox The Gospels in the Light of Qumran and the Dead

Sea Scrolls Michael R. Spradlin The Synoptic

Problem/Question Daniel L. Akin Critical Methodologies:

Source Criticism, Form Criticism…

1

Harmony of the Gospels A History of Harmonies:

Major Steps

p 5 scholarship at the beginning of the twenty-first century is

commonly known as the Synoptic Problem.1 Because it is

unresolved, research continues unabated as new

generations of scholars are…

2

Harmony of the Gospels Early Precursors p 6 around AD 160. According to Robert Stein, Tatian sought

―to produce a single comprehensive text.‖5 Stein noted

that Tatian‘s work reduced the number of verses in the

four Gospels from 3,780 to…

1


Harmony of the Gospels Conclusion p 8 The study of the history of harmonies is also a study of the

Synoptic Problem. Changes made to the formats of

harmonies reflect the thinking of scholars during specific

time periods about…

1

Harmony of the Gospels The Academic Use of

Gospel Harmonies

p 18 of biblical inspiration, to support the canonicity of the four

Gospels, to address the ―Synoptic Problem,‖ to achieve a

more accurate rendering of the original text of Scripture,

to defend the…

1

Harmony of the Gospels The Synoptic

Problem/Question

Ac 1:9–12 Synoptic Problem/Question Daniel L. Akin The question of

the relationship between the Gospels is often discussed

but not easily answered. This is especially true when

attention is focused on the…

2

Harmony of the Gospels Matthean Priority Ac 1:9–12 though this is true for most New Testament scholars

regardless of how they resolve the Synoptic Problem.

Though the Matthean priority theory was first proposed by

H. Owen in 1764, it received…

3

Harmony of the Gospels Critical Methodologies:

Source Criticism, Form

Criticism, Redaction…

Ac 1:9–12 explaining both the similarities and differences between

the accounts has been called the Synoptic Problem.

1

Harmony of the Gospels Selected Bibliography Ac 1:9–12 Biblical Scholarship. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity, 2000.

Farmer, William Reuben. The Synoptic Problem: A Critical

Analysis. New York: Macmillan, 1964. Fee, Gordon D., and

Douglas Stuart. How…

2

A Harmony of the Synoptic

Gospels for Historical and

Critical Study

Preface are as perceptible in an English text properly arranged as

in the Greek. Our study of the Synoptic Problem,

extending now through many years, has led us to certain

very definite conclusions…

1

Harper's Bible Dictionary Bible p 112 Materials, Sources, and Traditions; Pentateuch;

Septuagint; Sources of the Pentateuch; Synoptic Problem,

The; Texts, Versions, Manuscripts, Editions. R.F.M. ART

1

Harper's Bible Dictionary Biblical Criticism p 133 Oral Materials, Sources, and Traditions; Pentateuch;

Sources of the Pentateuch; Synoptic Problem, The; Texts,

Versions, Manuscripts, Editions. Bibliography Ackroyd, P. R.,

et al., eds…

1

Harper's Bible Dictionary Chronology, New

Testament

p 166 See also Aquila; Aretas IV; Claudius; Gallio; Jesus Christ;

Paul; Prisca, Priscilla; Q; Synoptic Problem, The. R.J.

1


Harper's Bible Dictionary Gospel, Gospels p 355 Gospel According to; Mark, The Gospel According to;

Matthew, The Gospel According to; Synoptic Problem,

The. Bibliography Fitzmyer, Joseph A. A Christological

Catechism: New Testament…

1

Harper's Bible Dictionary L p 536 Jesus‘ birth and postresurrection appearances are

included in this material. See also Synoptic Problem, The.

1

Harper's Bible Dictionary Luke, the Gospel

According To

p 583 among these three Gospels and that Luke likely consulted

one or both of the others. The Synoptic Problem is the

problem of sorting out these relationships. According to

the Two-Source…

3

Harper's Bible Dictionary M p 588 Jesus‘ birth and postresurrection appearances are

included in this material. See also Synoptic Problem, The.

1

Harper's Bible Dictionary Mark, the Gospel

According To

p 608 the light of Jesus‘ fate in the cross and resurrection. See

also Gospel, Gospels; Mark; Synoptic Problem, The.

Bibliography Achtemeier, Paul J. Mark. Proclamation

Commentaries. Edited by G…

1

Harper's Bible Dictionary Matthew, the Gospel

According To

p 615 Disciple; Gospel, Gospels; John the Baptist; Kingdom of

God; M; Messiah; Q; Son of God; Synoptic Problem, The;

Temptation. J.D.K.

1

Harper's Bible Dictionary Q p 845, 846 Source Hypothesis (Mark and Q are sources for Matthew

and Luke) as the solution to the Synoptic Problem also

frequently use the symbol to designate the hypothetical

source or sources from which…

2

Harper's Bible Dictionary Source Criticism p 983 Criticism source criticism. See Biblical Criticism; Synoptic

Problem, The; Sources of the Pentateuch.

1

Harper's Bible Dictionary Synoptic Problem, The p 1009 Synoptic Problem, The synoptic problem, the, the

problem of determining the relationships among the

Gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke, which are called

‗synoptic‘ because they present similar…

2

Hebrews (Hermeneia) 2:5–9; The Subjection and

Glorification of the Son

Heb 2:9 nowhere.52 It is quite possible that the author simply did

not know the Son of Man tradition.53

1

Hebrews (Hermeneia) 4. Modern Authors p 435 287(40), 300(45), 307(25), 310(60), 334(9), 353(3), 409(76)

Moloney, F. J. 74(53) Montefiore, H. J. 4(28), 6(47), 50(20),

160(61), 246(31), 360(20) Mora, G. 16…

2


The Hermeneutical Spiral: A

Comprehensive

Introduction to Biblical

Interpretation

The Weaknesses of

Narrative Criticism

p 213 of historical events, refer to people, places and events in

the story‖ (1982:3–4).21 The classic presentation of this

view is given by Hans Frei, who calls for a departure from

the…

1

The Hermeneutical Spiral: A

Comprehensive

Introduction to Biblical

Interpretation

Bibliography p 553 Holman. Black, David Alan, and David R. Beck,

eds. 2001 Rethinking the Synoptic

Problem. Grand Rapids: Baker. Black, Matthew

1967 An Aramaic Approach to the Gospels

and…

2

Historical Handbook of

Major Biblical Interpreters

Griesbach, Johann Jakob

(1745–1812)

p 325 Press, 1978) 5–21 (includes bibliography and works on

Griesbach); W. R. Farmer, The Synoptic Problem: A Critical

Analysis (New York: Macmillan, 1964); C. G. Gersdorf,

Beiträge zur Sprach…

2



Schleiermacher, Friedrich

Daniel Ernst (1768–1834)

p 353 especially for the purposes of dogmatic theology.

Nonetheless he worked carefully at the Synoptic problem

as well, and in 1817 he published his Luke: A Critical Study.

Schleiermacher rejected the…

1



Wellhausen, Julius

(1844–1918)

p 384 to emerge and the full impact of the nineteenth-century

attempts to unravel the so-called Synoptic Problem being

assimilated and furthered. Wellhausen‘s research into the

Old Testament tradition…

1



Conzelmann, Hans Georg

(b. 1915)

p 463 source. By the 1860s the two-source theory had become

the dominant explanation of the Synoptic problem. The

priority of Mark, for late nineteenth-century scholars, had

two corollaries: Mark…

1



Part 6: Biblical

Interpretation in North

America in the 20th…

p 541 the Pentateuch, the multiple authorship and dating of

Isaiah, Zechariah and Daniel, the Synoptic problem and

the disputed authorship of various epistles. The

interpretation of the Scriptures in…

1



Part 6: Biblical

Interpretation in North

America in the 20th…

p 552 is the figment of scholarly imagination. Farmer‘s early

statement of this position is The Synoptic Problem (1964).

Other involved North Americans are David L. Dungan (b.

1936), Allan J. McNicol…

1



Brown, Raymond E.

(1928–1998)

p 566 apocalypticism and eschatology, deutero- and trito-

Isaiah, wisdom literature, the Synoptic problem, epistolary

literature, inspiration, canonicity, the Dead Sea Scrolls,

texts and…

1




Index of Subjects p 641 570, 617 symbolism, 38, 165, 168, 488, 620 synagogues, 44,

82, 138, 397, 443, 474, 543 Synoptic problem, 325, 353, 384,

463, 541, 552, 566 Synoptic tradition, 367, 430, 440–43, 452,

479, 603…

1

History of the Christian

Church

79. The Synoptists 79. The Synoptists. (See the Lit. in § 78.) THE SYNOPTIC

PROBLEM. The fourth Gospel stands by itself and differs

widely from the others in contents and style, as well as in

distance of time of…

2

History of the Christian

Church

79. The Synoptists and applied by different minds to different conditions

and classes of hearers and readers.901 THE TRADITIONAL

ORDER. There is no good reason to doubt that the

canonical arrangement which is…

1

Holman Bible Handbook Purpose and Theology p 542 This phenomena has given rise, especially in the modern

era, to what is called ―the Synoptic problem.‖ How are

we to understand and explain the literary relationship of

these three Gospels…

1

HCBC Literary Form p 403 This phenomena has given rise, especially in the modern

era, to what is called ―the Synoptic problem.‖ How are

we to understand and explain the literary relationship of

these three Gospels…

1

Holman Illustrated Bible

Dictionary

Harmony of the Gospels p 717 is included in only one Gospel (the parable of the

prodigal son, Luke 15:11–32). The Synoptic Problem As

noted above, scholars have long noted the particular

similarities that abound between…

6

Idioms of the Greek New

Testament

1.3. The Middle Voice Porter 3, 1.3.1 object) of the action are the same, is not the

predominant one in the Hellenistic period.1 Moulton

(perhaps a bit extremely), after surveying the evidence in

the NT, believes that the…

1

In Praise of Christian Origins:

Stephen and the Hellenist in

Lukan Apologetic

Histiography

From Philosophy to

History: Scholarship After

Baur

p 21 years of New Testament scholarship was the discovery

and the general solution of the synoptic problem. It is the

task of this generation to translate these results into the

language of the…

1



Lukan Apologetic

Histiography

Ancient Historia and Acts:

Reading the Hellenist

Narrative in…

p 220 narrative, but one that is accurate and orderly, an

implied contrast with the former treatises.253 Second,

Luke notes that he has ―gone over everything

thoroughly,‖ a concept that entails a…

1



Lukan Apologetic

Histiography

Bibliography p 347 Virtue and Vice. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.

Dungan, D. L. A History of the Synoptic Problem: The

Canon, the Text, the Composition, and the Interpretation

of the Gospels. ABRL. New…

1


Interpreting the Gospel of

John

Assessment p 67 to some advantage. Johannine source criticism may lead

us in the same direction as the Synoptic problem. Rather

than being the literary inventions of three prolific

Christians, the Synoptics…

1

Interpreting the New

Testament: Essays on

Methods and Issues

Gospel Studies p 29 Matthew was written first and Mark last, positing that it

was a digest of the other Synoptics.52 His work was

published as Synopsis Evangeliorum (1776). G. E. Lessing

proposed in Neue Hypothese…

1



Methods and Issues

The Recovery of the Text

of the New Testament

p 53 advance was made by J. J. Griesbach (1745–1812), also

known for his investigations of the Synoptic Problem.

Further developing Bengel‘s system of classifying MSS, he

divided them into three major…

1



Methods and Issues

The Significance of

Textual Criticism for

Exegesis

p 64 The textual choices one makes on this level often have a

noticeable impact upon one‘s results.71 In practical

terms, obtaining a reliable text means for most students

using one of the two…

4



Methods and Issues

Chapter 4: Source

Criticism

p 74 unfamiliar. The eleventh chapter, however, captivated

me; that chapter covered ―The Synoptic Problem.‖2 Here

Martin assessed the literary relationship of the Synoptic

Gospels and concluded…

3



Methods and Issues

The Phenomena of the

Synoptic Gospels

p 75 that our Synoptic Gospels (Matthew, Mark, and Luke),

when carefully compared in a synopsis,5 show some

remarkable signs of similarity. Thus, if one compares the

wording of Matthew 3:7–10 and…

5



Methods and Issues

The Importance of Source

Criticism

p 77 treatments on the Synoptic Problem has clearly expressed

the crucial significance one‘s solution to the Synoptic

Problem plays in NT studies, stating that: The Synoptic

Problem lies at the heart…

5



Methods and Issues

The History and

Development of Source

Criticism

p 78 and a critical awareness of how ancient Jews passed on

their stories, traditions, and beliefs.11 This chapter will not

analyze such approaches to the issues swirling around the

Synoptic source…

1



Methods and Issues

Augustinian Hypothesis p 78 to be said that Christian writers of this period were not

seriously interested in the Synoptic Problem and simply

repeated what tradition they had come to know. It must

not be supposed that…

1




Methods and Issues

Griesbach Hypothesis:

Two-Gospel Hypothesis

p 79 both Matthew and Luke, was third. At the time of

Griesbach, few scholars accepted his theory.19 However,

in recent times, especially since the works of B.C. Butler

and W. R. Farmer, the…

1



Methods and Issues

Oxford Hypothesis: Two-

or Four-Source Hypothesis

p 79 the Synoptic Problem in 1894, which convened three

times per term until 1910, the dominant solution to the

Synoptic Problem in England seems to have been the so-

called ―oral hypothesis.‖21 For…

6



Methods and Issues

The Modern Debate p 80 Modern Debate Of the more notable recent

developments in the Synoptic Problem, four deserve

mention. The first is a salty essay by A. M. Farrer that

contests the necessity of Q. Instead, he…

3



Methods and Issues

An Evaluation of the

Griesbach Hypothesis

p 82 Hypothesis Though Griesbach proponents continually

trumpet their successes (and there are some),46 the

majority of Gospel scholarship still holds tenaciously,

though not now so naively, to the…

7



Methods and Issues

An Evaluation of the

Oxford Hypothesis

p 86 favor of Markan priority. In other words the coherency of

the theory is an argument in its favor.61 This is an

important point, but the limitations of this argument need

to be noted before an…

5



Methods and Issues

Exemplar: Peter‘s

Confession and the

Messiah‘s Response

p 94 the feeding of five thousand (Luke 9:10–17 and 9:18–27).

In effect, Luke ―omits‖ Mark 6:45–8:26.81 Thus, though the

Evangelists do join the responses of Jesus to Peter‘s

confession in identical…

1



Methods and Issues

Bibliography p 97 Farmer, W. R. The Synoptic Problem. London: Collier-

Macmillan, 1964. Guthrie, Donald. New Testament

Introduction. Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity, rev. 1989.

Kümmel, W. G. New…

3



Methods and Issues

Chapter 6: Redaction

Criticism

p 129 lay behind the Gospels, and studies the interdependence

between those sources.2 The general consensus3 (called

the two- or four-document hypothesis) is that there were

two primary sources…

2



Methods and Issues

Individual Analysis p 136 the synopsis in order to delineate the particular emphases

of each Gospel. There are six steps33: (1) Determine

whether a true parallel exists, that is, whether the

accounts are independent (e…

1




Methods and Issues

Holistic Analysis p 136 in analyzing any of the four Gospels since it is not

dependent upon a source-critical theory.36 Here we

would note again that the analysis of the individual

pericopes becomes the building…

1



Methods and Issues

Note the Setting and Style p 139 Luke 15:3–7 it is addressed to the Pharisees and scribes

and refers to those outside the kingdom.44 Style refers to

the way the material has been arranged in the individual

Gospels. There can be…

1



Methods and Issues

The Value and Place of

Redaction Criticism

p 144 but an authoritative interpretation of that word. We are

doubly enriched in such instances.‖56 In fact, one could

argue that the true intention of the Gospels is incomplete

until they are…

1



Methods and Issues

Chapter 15: Interpreting

the Synoptic Gospels

p 336 does one explain their look-alike character? This is the

essence of what is called the ―Synoptic Problem.‖

Another issue that arises in the study of the Synoptic

Gospels involves the question of…

2



Methods and Issues

The Idea of a Common

Oral Tradition

p 337 There are a number of reasons a common oral tradition is

an inadequate solution for the Synoptic Problem. First, a

common oral tradition is insufficient to explain the degree

of similarity in…

2



Methods and Issues

The Idea of a Common

Written Source (or

Sources)

p 339 refuted by the fact that those stories common to these

Gospels are almost always longer in Mark.6 It is hard to

understand why Mark would seek to abridge Matthew

and/or Luke by eliminating…

5



Methods and Issues

The Gospel Traditions

during the Oral Period

p 342 others are hotly disputed. The presuppositions generally

conceded by most scholars included:17 1. ―Before the

Gospels were written the gospel traditions circulated in

oral form within the…

2



Methods and Issues

The Evangelists as

Theologians

p 347 as Theologians In the 1950s a new stage in the study of

the Synoptic Gospels arose in Germany.25 Up to this time

form-critical research thought in sociological terms and

focused their attention…

1



Methods and Issues

Practicing Redaction

Criticism in Luke

p 348 individual Evangelists interpreted the gospel tradition, the

importance of solving the Synoptic Problem becomes

apparent. If Mark were in fact the first Gospel written and

Matthew and Luke used…

1



Methods and Issues

Bibliography p 354 1989. Catchpole, D. R. The Quest for Q. Edinburgh: T&T

Clark, 1993. Farmer, W. R. The Synoptic Problem: A Critical

Analysis. New York: Macmillan, 1964. Farrer, A. M. ―On

Dispensing with Q…

4




Methods and Issues

How the Gospel of John

Was Written

p 378 to some advantage. Johannine source criticism may lead

us in the same direction as the Synoptic Problem: rather

than being the literary inventions of three prolific

Christians, the Synoptics…

1



Methods and Issues

Macro Homiletics: The

Value of Critical

Methodology as a

―Practice…

p 513 arguments put forward in favour of Matthaean priority.

However, it is now clear that the synoptic problem

cannot be resolved in any schematic or artificial way,

and it seems most likely that the…

1



Methods and Issues

Robert H. Stein the

Southern Baptist

Theological Seminary

p 535 Teachings, An Introduction to the Parables of Jesus, Luke

(New American Commentary), The Synoptic Problem, A

Basic Guide to Interpreting the Bible, Jesus the Messiah.

He is presently working on a…

1



Methods and Issues

Name Index p 537 504, 521, 522 Aelfric, 241 Aland, B., 54, 64, 66f., 70, 206

Aland, K., 54, 64, 65, 66f., 70, 97, 98, 132, 206, 315, 327, 332,

387 Aldridge, J. W., 41 Alexander, J. A., 32 Alexander, L.,

274…

79

Interpreting the Parables 3.1.2 Critique p 82 Ever since Rudolf Bultmann first propounded his ―law of

increasing distinctness,‖30 scholars have regularly

assumed that the oral tradition behind the Gospels

consistently added…

1

Interpreting the Parables Chapter 4: Redaction

Criticism of the Parables

p 103 both Mark and Q8 in the composition of their Gospels,

and this hypothesis is presupposed here.9 Recent

additions and challenges to this view have not

overturned this consensus, but they make…

1

Interpreting the Synoptic

Gospels

Contents p 6, 7 Steps of Synoptic Exegesis 1 Introductory Questions 2

Background Considerations 3 The Synoptic Problem

Part 2 Basic Steps of Synoptic Exegesis 4 Textual

Criticism 5 Grammatical Analysis 6 …

1


Gospels

Introduction p 13 of adapting the process of hermeneutics to the type of

literature (genre) one is studying.1 Though there are

undoubtedly many similarities between exegeting

Romans and Mark, for example…

1


Gospels

Introduction p 15 2. Background (social, religious, cultural, historical) 3.

Relationship of the Gospels (Synoptic Problem) Basic

Synoptic Exegesis Step Goal Textual analysis Original text

Grammatical analysis…

1


Gospels

3 The Synoptic Problem p 33 3 The Synoptic Problem The final preliminary issue

affecting exegesis of the Synoptics is the relationship of

these Gospels (the Synoptic Problem). Accordingly, in this

chapter we will briefly…

3



Gospels

The Biblical Warrant for

Source Criticism

p 33 Biblical Warrant for Source Criticism The Synoptic Problem

is concerned with the literary relationship of Matthew,

Mark, and Luke to each other as well as certain

hypothetical source. Comparing…

6


Gospels

Major Solutions to the

Synoptic Problem

p 35 Solutions to the Synoptic Problem 1


Gospels

The Augustinian

Hypothesis

p 35 Augustinian Hypothesis Augustine‘s solution to the

Synoptic Problem was that Matthew was first, Mark used

Matthew, and Luke was last, using both Matthew and

Mark: ―Now, those four evangelists…

1


Gospels

The Griesbach Hypothesis p 35 is recognized for his work in textual criticism. However, he

also addressed the Synoptic Problem. Although his view

was championed by many initially, it is now held by few; it

has been…

1


Gospels

The Oxford Hypothesis p 36 should work through at least part 2. W. Sanday‘s Studies in

the Synoptic Problem by Members of the University of

Oxford5 is an anthology of studies by members of the

editor‘s Gospel…

3


Gospels

The Farrer Hypothesis p 36 basic solution: Mark–Matthew–Luke. Though these are the

most popular solutions to the Synoptic Problem, it should

not be supposed that each has had an equal number of

adherents. In fact, the…

1


Gospels

Defense of the Oxford

Hypothesis

p 37 Oxford Hypothesis (Markan priority) is the most tenable

solution to the Synoptic Problem. In examining the

Synoptic Problem, one needs to make a clear distinction

between the phenomena which…

9


Gospels

Underlining a Synopsis p 42 R. H. Stein (Synoptic Problem). If the student uses these

colors, the underlining may be checked for accuracy

using the Synopticon. Following are the rules for

underlining:13 1. Determine by…

4


Gospels

4 Textual Criticism p 50 Matt. 6:9–13). In addition to this harmonization tendency,

a particular solution to the Synoptic Problem should

affect one‘s text–critical decisions. If one accepts Markan

priority, such a…

1


Gospels

Indices Useful for Exegesis p 67 are problems. For instance, not only does this index

usually require a solution to the Synoptic Problem, it also

does not allow for the authenticity of a given

saying/event if that datum occurs…

1



Gospels

7 Tradition Analysis Form

Criticism

p 71 chapter to define, explain, and evaluate the usefulness of

form criticism for synoptic exegesis.1 Four form critics have

been most influential in Gospel studies. K. L. Schmidt was

the first form…

1


Gospels

Definition and

Explanation

p 72 table 5 for examples; Dibelius‘s and Bultmann‘s terms are

drawn from Graeco–Roman categories.8)

1


Gospels

Negative Evaluation of

Form Criticism

p 76 of the historical Jesus.13 Third, it is recognized more and

more that Jesus taught with a view to his sayings being

repeated and remembered by his followers.14 B.

Gerhardsson offers cogent…

2


Gospels

Examples of Form

Criticism

p 80 a miracle story about Jesus‘ ability to unveil kingdom

power when people believe in him.21 A final example

comes from sayings of Jesus, where the investigation of

form critics has been…

1


Gospels

8 Tradition Analysis

Redaction Criticism

p 83 examine what each Evangelist has done to that tradition

in order to understand the text itself.1 That not all scholars

have come ―full circle‖ should not denigrate the method

itself. This…

1


Gospels

Negative Evaluation of

Redaction Criticism

p 89 about some of these matters since we can never be

totally confident of a solution to the Synoptic Problem.

Can we ever be sure that Matthew has composed the

Peter incident in chapter 14? This…

1


Gospels

Methodological

Suggestions Regarding

Tradition Analysis

p 94 carefully underlining a synopsis (this is most important)

and an adequate solution to the Synoptic Problem has

been obtained, a great deal of confusion will reign. After

this has been done, the…

1


Gospels

Tagging Words p 99 seven (and only seven) possibilities. And though there

may be different solutions to the Synoptic Problem,

1


Gospels

Tradition Analysis p 140 N. Rediscovering the Teaching of Jesus. New York: Harper

& Row, 1967. Stein, R. H. The Synoptic Problem: An

Introduction. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1987. Streeter, B. H. The

Four Gospels: A Study of…

1

Introducing the New

Testament

Putting the Gospels

Together

p 178 way in which these three gospels are related to one

another is at the centre of the ‗synoptic problem‘. Many

of the resemblances between these gospels could be

explained by imagining that…

1


Introducing the New

Testament

Two Sources or Four? p 195 though there might be differences of opinion on points of

detail, this solution to the synoptic problem is, in general

outline, universally held by virtually everyone. But in

addition to the…

2

Introducing the New

Testament

12: Can We Trust the

Gospels?

p 219 problems raised by all this. For generations, gospel

readers who had never heard of the synoptic problem

have had little difficulty in dealing with such matters. For

all the distinctiveness of…

1

Introducing the New

Testament

General, Including

Literary-Critical Issues

p 475 A Sheffield Reader, Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press,

1995. Farmer, W.R., The Synoptic Problem, Dillsboro:

Western North Carolina Press, 1976. Farmer, W.R., Jesus

and the Gospel…

1

Introducing the New

Testament

General, Including

Literary-Critical Issues

p 476 and the Gospels, Valley Forge PA: Trinity Press

International, 1995. Stein, R.H., The Synoptic Problem: An

Introduction, Grand Rapids: Baker, 1987. Streeter, B.H., The

Four Gospels, London…

1

Introducing the New

Testament

Interpretation p 478 William R., The Gospel of Jesus: The Pastoral Relevance of

the Synoptic Problem, Louisville KY: Westminster John Knox

Press, 1994. Fish, S.E., Is There a Text in This Class? The…

1

Introducing the New

Testament (B&H)

Chapter 7: The Gospels p 49 sources is a problem to be solved, usually referred to as

the synoptic problem. Possible solutions offered for the

Synoptic problem are several, some of them from early

Christian history…

6

Introducing the New

Testament (B&H)

Index p 230 40 Stoicism 40 Stoics 40 Symbolic Interpretation

213 Synagogue 32 Synopsis 49 Synoptic 49

Synoptic problem 49 T Tacitus 72 Tatian 7 Tearful

letter 140 Tekton 59 Temptations of Jesus 60 Ten

lost…

1

An Introduction to the New

Testament: Contexts,

Methods and Ministry

Formation

Preface p 19 their potentially idiosyncratic and erroneous readings and

applications with divine authority.2 As the reader will

quickly discern, I find neither position and neither result

acceptable. Both…

1




Formation

From the Historical Jesus

to the Canonical Gospels

p 148 out to do a better job for the sake of instructing

Theophilus and others like him (Lk 1:1–4).14 His prologue

suggests that we must take seriously the Evangelists‘ role

as authors and…

1





Formation

The Building Blocks Behind

the Gospels: Oral

Tradition

p 154 teaching to the needs of his hearers‖ and ―used to give

his teachings as demanded by necessity‖.25 5. The

Evangelists were primarily collectors of oral tradition, not

authors. This disabuses us…

1




Formation

The Composition and

Relationship of the

Gospels

p 161 world‖; ―I am the way, the truth, and the life‖; and so

forth). Source criticism and the ―Synoptic problem‖. Such

observations of the similarities and differences between

the Gospels in terms of…

6




Formation

B.H. Streeter‘s Solution to

the Synoptic Problem

p 166 B.H. Streeter‘s Solution to the Synoptic Problem Taken

from The Four Gospels (New York: MacMillan, 1925), p.

150. Of all the options the two-source hypothesis has

been greeted by the most…

1




Formation

The Contents of Q p 171 A History of the Synoptic Problem: The Canon, the Text,

the Composition, and the Interpretation of the Gospels.

New York: Doubleday, 1999. Farmer, William R. The

Synoptic Problem: A Critical…

3




Formation

The Fourfold Gospel

Collection

p 175 to the Gospels) whenever they encounter criticism, so

they could deny the difficulties.66 In the last third of the

third century Porphyry used the discrepancies in the

crucifixion…

2




Formation

Searching for the Jesus of

History

p 183 and most reliable traditions about Jesus—although these

too need to be carefully sifted.85 The Jesus Seminar—the

most visible though hardly most representative voice in

this quest…

2




Formation

Subject Index p 940 of 145–48, 159, 166 historical value 154–56 purpose of

158–59 Synoptic Problem 159, 161–62, 164–67, 169–71

textual transmission 178–79 grace 132–33, 500–501, 505.

See also patronage and…

1

An Introductory Bibliography

for the Study of Scripture

145. Synopsis graeca

quattuor evangeliorum

p 46 of A. Lamouille and P. Sandevoir. The commentary makes

use of a solution to the synoptic problem, peculiar to the

authors (see 2. 15–47). Volume 3 is devoted to L‘Evangile

de Jean. See…

1

An Introductory Bibliography

for the Study of Scripture

147. A Synopsis of the Four

Gospels in Greek

Arranged according…

p 47 Matthew, Luke, then Mark [an abridgement of the two

Gospels]) as a solution to the synoptic problem, he has

constructed this Synopsis, in which the parallel columns

have the order: Matthew…

1

The IVP New Testament

Commentary Series: Luke

The Precedents (1:1–2) Lk 1:1 referring to more than the sources biblical scholars

mention today when they discuss the Synoptic problem

(Mark, Q, L, M or Matthew). However, the remark that

many have undertaken to draw up…

1


The IVP New Testament

Commentary Series:

Matthew

Bibliography for the Study of the New Testament 15:42–50. 1988

―Compositional Conventions and the Synoptic Problem.‖

Journal of Biblical Literature 107:69–85. Draper, Jonathan

1984 ―The Jesus Tradition…

1

Jerusalem and Athens Introduction Lane. Both attempt, in different ways, to handle historical

problems: Ridderbos, the synoptic problem; Lane, the

speeches of Paul recorded in the Book of Acts. They

undertake this effort in…

1

Jesus and the Gospels: An

Introduction and Survey

A Survey of Views

throughout History

p 79 and nineteenth centuries, scholars also became

increasingly fascinated with the ―Synoptic problem,‖ as J.

J. Griesbach first named it in the late 1700s. The Synoptic

Gospels are Matthew…

4



Source Criticism of the

Synoptic Gospels: The

Synoptic Problem…

p 86 GOSPELS: THE SYNOPTIC PROBLEM21 From time to time in

the history of the church, various people have suggested

that there is no literary relationship among the Synoptic

Gospels.22 They argue…

3



Markan Priority p 88 Boanerges (3:17), talitha koum (5:41), Corban (7:11),

ephphatha (7:34), and Abba (14:36).26 8. There seems to

be no other explanation for why Mark would have

omitted all of the material…

1



M, L, and Proto-Luke p 92 historians on multiple sources leads us to assume that a

comprehensive solution to the Synoptic problem may be

quite complex and irrecoverable. To the beginning

student, all this discussion of…

1



Intermediate p 98 Studying the Synoptic Gospels. London: SCM;

Philadelphia: TPI, 1989. Stein, Robert H. The Synoptic

Problem: An Introduction. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1987.

(Also includes discussion of form and…

1



Questions for Review p 98 down traditions about Jesus? 3. Why is Markan priority the

most common solution to the Synoptic problem? Which

arguments in its favor seem strongest? Which arguments

against it seem strongest…

1



Circumstances p 134 naturally fits a date within the 60s. This could mesh with

our conclusion concerning the Synoptic problem that

Matthew relies in part on Mark (though Irenaeus himself

thought Matthew wrote before…

1




Subject Index p 426 24, 371 suffering 312 suffering servant 119, 331, 333, 411

synagogue 9, 44, 168, 337, 367 Synoptic problem 86, 88,

92, 137 Syrophoenician woman 276 T tabernacles 296–298

Talmud 39–40, 241 targums…

1

Jesus and the Victory of

God

(ii) Basic Features p 51 accounts which are in fact independent. All hinges on

what view we take of the wider synoptic problem (i.e. the

question of the mutual interrelationship not only of

Matthew, Mark and Luke but…

1

Jesus and the Victory of

God

B: Secondary Literature p 690 Sonoma, Calif.: Polebridge Press. ———. 1992. ‗The

Theological Stakes in the Synoptic Problem.‘ In The Four

Gospels. 1992 Festschrift Frans Neirynck, ed. F. van

Segbroeck, C. M…

1

The Jesus Quest: The Third

Search for the Jew of

Nazareth

N. T. Wright p 280 the Jesus Seminar), it is just that in the Third Quest, failure

to deal directly with the Synoptic Problem and the issues

raised by form and redaction critics will cause some, who

have ears, to…

1

Jesus, Mark and Q: The

Teaching of Jesus and Its

Earliest Records

Introduction p 15 Frans Neirynck, in an intensive analysis of the different

possible approaches to the Synoptic problem, pleads for

a simple form of the two-source hypothesis. He draws

attention to a growing…

1



Earliest Records

Introduction p 70 relationship of the earliest New Testament documents of

the life3 and teaching of Jesus, Q4 and Mark. This part of

the volume contributes to the newly raised discussion

focusing on some of…

1



Earliest Records

2. The Passion Predictions p 249 these remarks that a simple literary dependence is not

the only possible solution to the Synoptic problem in our

case. I argue that the passion predictions can be seen as

traditions that were not…

1

Linguistics and New

Testament Interpretation:

Essays on Discourse Analysis

5: Discourse Analysis,

Synoptic Criticism, and

Markan Grammar…

p 90 places ―corrected‖ Markan grammar is presupposed in

most contemporary discussions of the Synoptic Problem.

Ironically, several recent studies have shown that

peculiarities in Markan grammar do…

4

Linguistics and New

Testament Interpretation:

Essays on Discourse Analysis

References p 98 Testament Greek. Grand Rapids: Baker. ——. 1988b.

―Some Dissenting Notes on R. Stein‘s The Synoptic Problem

and Markan ‗errors.‘ ‖ Filologia Neotestamentaria 1.

95–101. ——. 1991. ―The Study of New…

2


Luke 1 (Hermeneia) 3. Language p 5 125–27. Hawkins, John Caesar, Horae Synopticae:

Contributions to the Study of the Synoptic Problem (2d

ed.; Oxford: Clarendon, 1909). Jeremias, Joachim, Die

Sprache des Lukasevangeliums…

1

Luke 1 (Hermeneia) 5. Sources p 6 form. The evaluation of the sources can be discussed only

within the context of the Synoptic problem as a whole.

Despite recent dissenting hypotheses, I advocate, now as

ever, the priority…

3

Luke 1 (Hermeneia) 8:4–21; The Parable of the

Sower and Other

Teachings

Lk 8:4–21 88. Kennedy, Harry Angus Alexander, ―The Composition of

Mark 4:21–25: A Study in the Synoptic Problem,‖ ExpTim 25

(1913–14) 301–5. Krämer, Michael, ―Ihr seid das Salz der

Erde … Ihr seid das…

1

Luke the Historian: The Book

of Acts

Word and Phrase Study Ac 9:7 Paul speaking, but they did not hear Jesus speaking 4.

others say this is similar to the Synoptic problem. Different

Gospel writers record the same events, sermons, and

actions of Jesus in…

1

Luke: Historian and

Theologian

The Sources Used in the

Gospel

p 57 of the Synoptic problem.4 Other scholars have proposed

different solutions of the Synoptic problem, usually

involving the claim that Matthew (or an ―Ur-Matthew‖) is

the oldest Gospel.1 For…

8

Luke: Historian and

Theologian

The History in Luke—Acts p 76 the conclusion of the discussion and not an assumption

upon which the discussion depends.2

2

Luke: Historian and

Theologian

Index of Subjects p 238 163 Stephen, 72, 178, 180 Subordinationism, 103 Suffering,

209–11 Supernatural, 28–32 Synoptic problem, 57–62 TABLE

FELLOWSHIP, 138 f. Tacitus, 22 Temple, 154 f. Theologia

crucis, 209–11…

1

MacArthur Bible Studies:

Mark

Interpretive Challenges p 4 of Mark: 1. What is the relationship of Mark to Luke and

Matthew? (see below, ―The Synoptic Problem‖) 2. How

should one interpret the eschatological passages? (see

the notes on chapters 4…

1

MacArthur Bible Studies:

Mark

Interpretive Challenges p 4 Synoptic Problem Even a cursory reading of Matthew,

Mark, and Luke reveals both striking similarities (2:3–12;

Matthew 9:2–8; Luke 5:18–26) and significant differences,

as each views the life…

3

The MacArthur Study Bible Introduction to the

Gospels

Scripture. While each gospel has its unique perspective

(see the discussion of the ―Synoptic Problem‖ in the

Introduction to Mark: Interpretive Challenges), Matthew,

Mark, and Luke, when…

1


The MacArthur Study Bible Author and Date some of the issues related to the authorship and dating of

this gospel, especially ―The Synoptic Problem,‖ see

Introduction to Mark: Interpretive Challenges.

1

The MacArthur Study Bible Interpretive Challenges a consistently futuristic interpretation of crucial

prophecies. For a discussion of the Synoptic Problem, see

Introduction to Mark: Interpretive Challenges.

1

The MacArthur Study Bible Interpretive Challenges of Mark: 1) What is the relationship of Mark to Luke and

Matthew? (see below, ―The Synoptic Problem‖); 2) How

should one interpret the eschatological passages? (see

notes on chaps. 4, 13…

1

The MacArthur Study Bible The Synoptic Problem Synoptic Problem Even a cursory reading of Matthew,

Mark, and Luke reveals both striking similarities (cf. 2:3–12;

Matt. 9:2–8; Luke 5:18–26) and significant differences, as

each views the life…

3

The MacArthur Study Bible Interpretive Challenges in contrast to Matthew, appears to target a Gentile

readership (for a discussion of the Synoptic Problem, see

Introduction to Mark: Interpretive Challenges). He

identified locations that would…

1

The MacArthur Study Bible Chapter 1 Lk 1:1 Mark‘s order of events closely (see Introduction to Mark:

Interpretive Challenges, the Synoptic Problem). to set in

order. Luke proposed to narrate the ministry of Christ in an

authoritative…

1

MacArthur's Quick

Reference Guide to the

Bible

Frequently Asked

Questions

p 179 The question about how to explain these similarities and

differences is known as the ―synoptic problem‖ (syn

means ―together‖ and optic means ―seeing‖). The

modern solution—even among…

2

The Making of the New

Testament: Origin,

Collection, Text & Canon

Table of Contents p 6, 7 to Written Gospel □ Why the Gospels Were Written □

How the Gospels Were Written □ The Synoptic Problem

□ Source Criticism □ Redaction Criticism 4. The

Gospel Genre 5. Summary 6. The Fourfold…

1


Testament: Origin,


2. The Formation of the

Oral Tradition

p 41 in dating Mark at around A.D. 65–70, Matthew and Luke

around A.D. 85, and John around A.D. 95.11 This means

that Paul‘s letters—and most of the books of the New

Testament—were written before…

2


Testament: Origin,


The Synoptic Problem p 49 Synoptic Problem. If we had only the Gospel of Mark,

there would be no such thing as ―the Synoptic problem.‖

The term synoptic (Greek, ―to view at the same time‖)

dates back to J. J…

7



Testament: Origin,


Source Criticism p 51 that is common and unique to each Synoptic Gospel.

One useful and popular solution to the Synoptic problem

is the ―Two-Document Hypothesis,‖ a theory based on the

priority of Mark.35 As the…

1


Testament: Origin,


Source Criticism p 53 Evangelists.40 As helpful as the study of sources may be, it

still does not solve the Synoptic problem or answer other

pressing questions about the composition of the Gospels.

From a…

1


Testament: Origin,


5. Summary p 60 helps us to explain certain questions raised by a

comparative study of the Gospels (the Synoptic

problem). 9. The availability of four portraits of Jesus

actually enriches our appreciation of…

1


Testament: Origin,


Glossary p 165 used in comparing the Gospels of Matthew, Mark and

Luke, hence the term Synoptic Gospels. Synoptic

Problem—Questions that arise from comparing the

Synoptic Gospels for their similarities and…

1

Mark (Hermeneia) Contents p vii as Messiah c. Jesus as Teacher d. The Death of Jesus

6. Composition and Structure 7. Synoptic

Problem 8. Audience and Purpose 9. History

of Interpretation 10. The Text of Mark …

1

Mark (Hermeneia) 7. Synoptic Problem p 94 Synoptic Problem A helpful way of understanding Mark is

to view the Gospel as part of the history of early Christian

tradition. This tradition begins with the actual Jesus, who

can be known in…

4

Mark (Hermeneia) 9. History of Interpretation p 103 History of Interpretation On the basis of the two-source

theory,1 it can be inferred that Mark circulated widely in

the first and early second centuries and that the authors

of Matthew and Luke…

2

Mark (Hermeneia) 5:21–43 Two Healings Mk 5:21–43 the girl arose and began to walk; for she was twelve

years old. And they were immediatelyp amazed in great

amazement. 43/ And he ordered them strongly that no

one should know this, and he…

1

Mark (Hermeneia) 8:10–21 The Question of a

Sign and Bread

Mk 8:10–21 that you picked up?‖ And they said to him, ―Seven.‖ 21/

And he said to them, ―Do you not yeti comprehend?‖

1


Mark (Hermeneia) 2. Studies p 831 2 (1994) 34–50. Goodacre, Mark S. The Case against Q:

Studies in Markan Priority and the Synoptic Problem

(Harrisburg, PA: Trinity Press International, 2002). Gundry-

Volf, Judith M. ―The Least…

3

Mark (Hermeneia) 4. Authors p 883 671248, 698, 70129, 70794, 710 Boswell, J. 44641 Bousset, W.

414, 4155, 41613 Bovon, F. 959, 30036, 388 Box, H.

636146Boyarin, D. 771376 Bradshaw, P. 32539, 379,

669220…

2

Matthew 1-7 (Hermeneia) 3. Short Titles of All

Commentaries and of

Studies and Articles…

p xxxi 38. Hawkins, Horae John C. Hawkins, Horae Synopticae:

Contributions to the Study of the Synoptic Problem (1909;

reprinted Grand Rapids: Baker, 1968). Heinemann, Prayer

Joseph Heinemann, Prayer…

1

Matthew 1-7 (Hermeneia) Literature p 18 since 1945—a truly bold undertaking that seems to me to

be neither necessary nor possible.102 In view of the

understanding gained from redaction not only for

Matthew‘s own contribution to…

1

Matthew 1-7 (Hermeneia) Two-Source Theory and

Alternatives

p 19 used the Gospel of Matthew as his source and Mark is

based on Matthew and Luke as an epitome.109 Antonio

Gaboury reconstructs on the basis of the three traditions

a basic Gospel underlying all…

1

Matthew 1-7 (Hermeneia) Literature p 125 Habakkuk Commentary (DSH) and the Gospel of

Matthew,‖ StTh 8 (1955) 1–24. Gundry, Use. Hawkins,

Horae, 154–58. McConnell, Law, 101–41. Rothfuchs,

Erfüllungszitate. F. van Segbroeck, ―Les…

1

Matthew 8-20 (Hermeneia) 2.1 Beelzebul and God‘s

Spirit (12:22–37)

Mt 12:22–24 that regards Mark as the latest gospel is improbable both

in its entirety and in its details,16 the only remaining

possibilities are that either Matthew and Luke

independently of one another…

1

Matthew 21-28 (Hermeneia) Analysis Mt 22:34–40 and Luke,8 or a deutero-Markan recension.9 Others have

turned to a solution of the Synoptic problem that differs

from the two-source theory.10 Some more recent authors

have argued that…

1

Matthew, Poet of the

Beatitudes

Chapter 1: Priorities in the

Study of a Text

p 17 text; and the validity of the Two Document hypothesis

(2DH) as the solution to the synoptic problem with which

Dupont, in common with the vast majority of

contemporary scholars, approaches…

1



Beatitudes

2. Matthew and His

Sources

p 30 GH), which has found favour with a minority in recent

years mainly in the United States,56 makes Luke

dependent on Matthew alone, and reduces Mark to a

verse-by-verse conflation of…

2


Beatitudes

Bibliography p 315 Verbal Aspect in New Testament Greek (Oxford:

Clarendon Press, 1990). Farmer, W.R., The Synoptic

Problem (London: Collier-Macmillan, 1964). ———‗The

Statement of the [Two Gospel] Hypothesis‘, in…

2

The Message of Matthew Who Wrote the Gospel? p 21 an apostle, let alone Matthew. Despite writers like J.

Chapman, B. C. Butler and W. R. Farmer,8 who

maintained that Matthew is the earliest Gospel, hardly

anybody else is persuaded…

1

The Moody Handbook of

Theology

The Synoptic Problem p 79 THE SYNOPTIC PROBLEM A problem in studying the

synoptic gospels is the relationship of the three to each

other. Did the gospels make any use of each other‘s

writings? Did they have a common source…

1


Theology

The Synoptic Problem p 80 is the relationship of the three gospels to each other?

Several theories have been suggested.3

1


Theology

Glossary p 626 they record the life of Christ in a similar manner, often

using identical wording. SYNOPTIC PROBLEM. The

discussion centering on whether Matthew, Mark, and

Luke wrote their gospels…

1

Nelson‘s Complete Book of

Bible Maps and Charts,

Revised

Why Four Gospels? but at other times important differences are observed.

This phenomenon is called the ―synoptic problem,‖ and a

number of theories have been advanced to explain the

literary relationship of…

1

NNCD Synoptic problem Synoptic problem In New Testament studies, questions

relating to the similarities, differences among, and sources

of the Synoptic Gospels generally resolved by viewing

Mark as the source of Matthew…

1

Nelson‘s New Illustrated

Bible Dictionary

The Synoptic Problem Synoptic Problem. If one sets the four gospels side by side,

it becomes apparent that Matthew, Mark, and Luke have

much in common. Each gospel arranges its material in a

similar fashion, and…

2

John 1-11 (NAC) (2) Gospel as Genre p 28 criticism in more recent scholarship, it remains the starting

point of Synoptic theories.10 The form of our Gospels is

that of an extended narrative about Jesus which

contains among other…

4


Luke (NAC) 2. The Date of Luke p 25 priority of Mark, it seems reasonably certain that Luke

used Mark in the writing of his Gospel,14 and this will be

demonstrated repeatedly in this commentary. The

tradition concerning the…

1

Luke (NAC) 5. The Sources of Luke p 28 sources used by Matthew, Mark, and Luke that caused

them to ―look alike‖ is called the Synoptic Problem. The

majority of NT scholars see some form of what is called

the two-document (or four…

3

Luke (NAC) I. The Prologue (1:1–4) Lk 1:1 not simply read into this term an implied number in order

to fit our solution to the Synoptic Problem. Since ―many‖

and its related expressions are frequently found in

rhetorical prefaces…

1

Luke (NAC) I. The Prologue (1:1–4) Lk 1:4 together form the provenance of the discipline of

tradition history or Traditionsgeschichte.10 For Luke this

process was not chaotic but controlled by the apostolic

eyewitnesses and by…

1

Luke (NAC) (4) Jesus Bears Witness to

John the Baptist as His

Forerunner…

Lk 7:24–30 unless one assumes a priori that a chronological link

between such accounts is impossible165 or that Jesus

could not have quoted the OT. We treat Luke 7:29–30 as

the conclusion of the…

1

Luke (NAC) (1) Mission of the Twelve

(9:1–6)

Lk 9:1–6 1), things they had seen Jesus do and heard him say and

which he had explained to them (8:10).225 The mission

also provided time for the disciples to reflect and discuss,

―Who is this‖ (8:25…

1

Luke (NAC) Books and Commentaries p 655 and Message of Jesus‘ Teachings. Rev. ed. (Philadelphia:

Westminster, 1994). ———. The Synoptic Problem. Grand

Rapids: Baker, 1987. Strack, H. L. and P. Billerbeck.

Kommentar zum Neuen Testament…

1

Mark (NAC) 2. Modern Study of Mark p 19 of Mark. Careful study of the interrelationships of the

Gospels, i.e., study of the Synoptic problem, led most to

the conclusion that Mark rather than Matthew was the

first Gospel to have…

1

Mark (NAC) 3. The Priority of Mark? p 24 until 1943 were required to support Matthean priority. In

1964 W. R. Farmer published The Synoptic Problem. In it he

attacked the traditional arguments for the priority of Mark

and the two…

1


Matthew (NAC) D. Sources p 37 In this view Mark is the latest of the Synoptics, conflating

and abridging Matthew and Luke.46 Ancient tradition,

followed widely in Roman Christianity because of the

influence of Augustine…

3

Matthew (NAC) D. Sources p 40 of what Matthew originally wrote.55 All this suggests that

perhaps the solution to the Synoptic problem is not as

simple as most of the major theories would have us

believe. Perhaps the apostle…

1

NBC Matthew, Mark and Luke:

The ‘Synoptic Problem‘

Mark and Luke: the ‗synoptic problem‘ As mentioned

above, there is a basic similarity in the plot of each of the

synoptic gospels (to which Matthew and Luke have each

added a section on…

5

NBD III. The fourfold Gospel p 430 and its Developments, 1936; idem, History and the Gospel,

1938; W. R. Farmer, The Synoptic Problem, 1976; T. W.

Manson, The Sayings of Jesus, 1949; idem, Studies in the

Gospels and Epistles…

1

Luke (NIGTC) The Sources of the Gospel p 30 the Gospel The commentary took as its point of departure

the two-document solution of the synoptic problem, and

its detailed preparation has confirmed that solution in

broad outline. Although…

1

Luke (NIGTC) ii. The Parable of the

Sower 8:4-8

Lk 8:4–8 that this is a secondary application of a parable which is

open to more than one interpretation.* (4) The

introduction to the parable differs from that in Mk., but

the evidence hardly justifies…

1

Mark (NIGTC) 2. Books p xx C. F. Evans, et al., The New Testament Gospels. London:

BBC, 1965. W. R. Farmer, The Synoptic Problem. New York:

Macmillan, 1964; 2d edn., Dillsboro: Western North

Carolina Press, 1976…

1

Mark (NIGTC) 3. Articles p xxxv tradition synoptique‘, RSR 60 (1972) 519–40. ———, ‗The

Overlaps of Mark and Q and the Synoptic Problem‘, NTS

19 (1972/3) 453–65. B. Schaller, ‗ ―Commits adultery with

her‖ not ―against her…

1

Mark (NIGTC) F. Mark in Relation to

Matthew and Luke

p 42 The introduction to a commentary is not the place for a

full discussion of the Synoptic Problem. I have gone as far

in that direction as I ever expect to do in print in my

Matthew…

3


Matthew and Luke

p 43 93 and developed by J. A. T. Robinson94 among others,

that both the two-source theory and the Griesbach

Hypothesis (as well as other similarly ‗neat‘ solutions to the

Synoptic Problem) are…

3



Matthew and Luke

p 45 Synoptic Problem may help to explain why at times my

comments may seem to treat the synoptic versions of a

given tradition as parallel rather than derivative. I do not

believe that I have solved the Synoptic Problem…

3

Matthew (NIGTC) Other Literature p lxi Josephus‘ Antiquities and the Synoptic Problem. I‘, JSNT 8

(1980), 29–48. ———, ‗Redactional Criticism: Josephus‘

Antiquities and the Synoptic Problem. II‘, JSNT 9 (1980),

46–65…

10

Matthew (NIGTC) 1. Jesus and His (Would-

Be) Followers (8:18–22)

Mt 8:20 of the idiosyncratic nature of Jesus‘ use of this phrase (cf.

his use of ‗Amen‘ and ‗Abba‘).79 Matthew probably adds

this diction to texts which did not originally incorporate it,

but his…

1

Matthew (NIGTC) 3. ‗He Has a Demon … a

Glutton and a Drunkard‘

(11:16–19)

Mt 11:16–19 D. A., ‗Matthew 11:19b/Luke 7:35: A Test Case for the

Bearing of Q Christology on the Synoptic Problem‘, in

Jesus of Nazareth, ed. J. B. Green and M. Turner, 128–46. •

Corley, K. E., Private…

1

Matthew (NIGTC) D. By Beelzebul or by the

Spirit of God? (12:22–29)

Mt 12:22–29 A.D. 40–70: Their Intentions and Origin‘, NTS 27 (1980–81),

679–97. • Boring, M. E., ‗The Synoptic Problem, ―Minor‖

Agreements and the Beelzebul Pericope‘, in The Four

Gospels, ed. F. van…

1

Matthew (NIGTC) A. Unveiling a Future in

Which Suffering Precedes

Vindication…

Mt 16:21–23 SUNT A 5 (1980), 107–21. • Farmer, W. R., ‗The Passion

Prediction Passages and the Synoptic Problem: A Test

Case‘, NTS 36 (1990), 558–70, esp. 559–60. • France, R. T.,

Divine Government, 64…

1

Matthew (NIGTC) A. Scribes and Pharisees:

Custodians of the Law,

but Bad Examples…

Mt 23:1–12 maître‖: Matthieu 23, 8–12‘, CHR 30 (1983), 88–102. •

Marshall, I. H., ‗How to Solve the Synoptic Problem: Luke

11:43 and Parallels‘, in Age, ed. W. C. Weinrich, 2:313–25.

• Mason, S., ‗Pharisaic…

1

Matthew (NIGTC) Other Literature p 1280 of Matthew and Its Post-War Setting in Antioch of Syria‘,

PRS 3 (1976), 235–47. ———, The Synoptic Problem: A

Critical Analysis (Macon, GA: Mercer University Press,

1976). Farrer, A. M., St…

3

Matthew (NIGTC) Mt. 5:13–16 p 1323 in Abba, 99–102. Kennedy, H. A. A., ‗The Composition of

Mark iv.21–25: A Study in the Synoptic Problem‘, ExpTim 25

(1913–14), 301–5. Klauck, H.-J., Allegorie, 227–40. Krämer,

M., ‗Ihr seid das…

1


Matthew (NIGTC) Mt. 13:10–17 p 1368 on the Understandability of the Parables‘, JBL 84 (1965),

430–32. Wenham, D., ‗The Synoptic Problem Revisited:

Some New Suggestions about the Composition of Mark

4,1–34‘, TynB 23 (1972), 3…

1

Matthew (NIGTC) Mt. 18:1–5 p 1389 Gottes nach Markus 10.14, 15‘, Klerusblatt 38 (1934),

90–96. Butler, B. C., ‗The Synoptic Problem Again‘, DR

73/231 (1955), 24–46. Descamps, A., ‗Du discours de

Marc., ix, 33–50 aux…

1

Matthew (NIGTC) Mt. 21:33–43 p 1405 14 (1972), 226–37. Ogawa, A., Histoire, 182–90. Orchard, B.,

‗J. A. T. Robinson and the Synoptic Problem‘, NTS 22

(1975–76), 346–52. Pedersen, S., ‗Zum Problem der

vaticinia ex eventu (Eine…

1

Matthew (NIGTC) Index of Modern Authors p 1474 A. B., 1222n.496 Luz, U., 86n.99, 111, 234n.156, 293, 327,

348n.2, 349, 366n.79, 370n.101, 374n.117, 403n.222, 417,

426, 458n.32, 466, 502n.76, 512n…

2

The New Testament and the

People of God

3. Stories but No Story? Q

and Thomas

p 436 pre-dated Matthew and Luke, and so was early. The

Oxford scholars whose work on the synoptic problem was

eventually crystallized in Streeter‘s major work The

Synoptic Gospels were for the…

3

The New Testament and the

People of God

B: Secondary Literature p 491 Jewish Nationalism in the Greco-Roman Period. New York:

Columbia U. P. ———. 1964. The Synoptic Problem: A

Critical Analysis. London & New York: Macmillan. Farrer,

Austin M. 1955. ‗On…

2

New Testament Exegesis

and Research: A Guide for

Seminarians

2. Synopsis of Gospels: p 37 the emphasis of each Gospel. There is no better way to

become familiar with the so-called synoptic problem

than to keep studying in a synopsis. The dependence of

Matthew and Luke on Mark (and Q…

4

New Testament Exegesis

and Research: A Guide for

Seminarians

E. Concordances p 50 a list of synoptic parallels and synonyms (and substitutes)

invaluable for study of the synoptic problem; III. A

comparison of Nestle-Aland (= UBS) with readings of

previous editions of Nestle…

1

NT Exegesis 11.2 (E). Content and

Argument

p 22 were not written independently of one another. Although

three or four solutions to the Synoptic problem currently

vie for acceptance, the view of the majority of scholars,

and the one assumed…

1

NT Exegesis 3.2 (G). Use a synopsis. p 147 tradition. At least some of this kind of information, without

long, dry treatises on the Synoptic problem and its

solution, may well be a part of the sermon, both as helpful

information and to…

1


ACCS Jn 11-21 Mary Goes to the Tomb

on Behalf of the Women

Jn 20:1 the great stone rolled away From the entrance to the

tomb. KONTAKION ON THE RESURRECTION 40.1–3.14

1

The New Testament in the

Apostolic Fathers

(I) The Synoptic Gospels p 79 Matthew, or with a Gospel very closely akin to it. In the

present uncertain state of the Synoptic Problem, it would

be rash to express any confident opinion; but the

indications on the whole…

1

New Testament

Interpretation

8. Griesbach p 38 de novo—none the less a cul-de-sac for recent attempts

to open it up by W. R. Farmer, The Synoptic Problem

(1970), and J. B. Orchard, Why Three Synoptic Gospels?

(1975). But Eichhorn was able some…

1

New Testament

Interpretation

4. Acts and Incipient

Catholicism

p 50 of Christianity. The editors (F.J. Foakes Jackson and

Kirsopp Lake) assumed that the synoptic problem had

found its ―general solution‖ and saw their next task as

being ―to translate these…

1

New Testament

Interpretation

6. Gospel Criticism p 53 revive the belief in the priority of Matthew over Mark raise

more difficulties than they solve.67 Where the Fourth

Gospel is concerned, there is a strong tendency to

detach its testimony from…

1

New Testament

Interpretation

I. Prejudices and

Presuppositions

p 62 Scholars rarely criticise the work of colleagues and friends

as rigorously as other work.8 There may be subtle

pressures from a publisher with an eye on his market and,

in the case of the…

1

New Testament

Interpretation

1. Where There are Two or

More Overlapping

Traditions

p 140 themselves, i.e. the areas of overlap and the points of

difference in the different traditions,5 (b) to note any

relevant external evidence, e.g. the statements of the

early church fathers…

5

New Testament

Interpretation

1. The Gospel of Matthew p 185 THE GOSPEL OF MATTHEW One view of the problem of the

four Gospels36 will suggest that the writer of Matthew has

composed his Gospel by editing the sources Mark, Q and

M. But we can see that by…

1

New Testament

Interpretation

Chapter VIII p 377 Burton, E. de W. Some Principles of Literary Criticism and

their Application to the Synoptic Problem (Chicago

University Press 1904). Butler, B. C. The Originality of St

Matthew (Cambridge…

6

New Testament

Interpretation

Index of Authors Quoted p 395 Achtemeier, P. J., 248, 325, 330, 333, 384 Ackroyd, P. R., 17,

215 Aland, K., 111, 115, 148, 195, 343, 374, 385 Albertz, M.,

158 Alcazar, L. de, 35 Alexander, J. A., 41 Allen, W…

8


New Testament

Interpretation

General Index p 412 235 Synonymy, 90, 92, 100 Synopsis, 148 (n. 5), 253, 362

Synoptic Gospels, 38, 53, 132, 139–44, 153, 162, 181, 183,

202 Synoptic Problem, 144, 148 (n. 6) Syntagmatic

relation, 82, 90…

6

New Testament Introduction Contents p 5 Readers; Structure; Authorship of the Gospel (and Acts);

Date; Language; Contents 5 THE SYNOPTIC PROBLEM

The Nature of the Problem; A Brief Historical Survey of

Solutions; The Written Sources…

1

New Testament Introduction Motives for Their

Production

p 23 is it the most reasonable, explanation of the gospel

origins, as will be seen when the synoptic problem is dealt

with later. There were undoubtedly many motives which

would have led to the…

1

New Testament Introduction The Best Method of

Approaching the Gospels

p 27 a different category from the other three gospels, and will

be considered only after the synoptic problem has been

discussed.

1

New Testament Introduction Date p 53 is difficult to discuss the date of any of the synoptic

gospels without reference to the synoptic problem, but it

is valuable to enquire what possible indications may be

found apart from the…

1

New Testament Introduction Language p 57 evidence of this kind. For Matthew‘s gospel it is basic to

Vaganay‘s 7 solution to the synoptic problem (see

discussion on p. 157 f.), which maintains an original

Aramaic Matthew as the…

2

New Testament Introduction Mark‘s Gospel p 61 It has come into its own through the modern opinion that

it is the keystone of the synoptic problem.Reasons for this

opinion will be examined later (p. 150 ff.), but for the

present all…

1

New Testament Introduction Date p 84 is the only one of the synoptics whose date can be

discussed without reference to the synoptic problem; at

least, if the current hypothesis of the priority of Mark be

accepted. If on the other…

2

New Testament Introduction Structure p 111 modification of the synopticstructure and will call for

consideration later when the synoptic problem is

discussed. In this portion Luke not only includes much

material which is peculiar to…

1

New Testament Introduction Date p 130 As to the relation between Matthew and Luke, more will

be said in discussing the synoptic problem (see pp. 163

ff.), but for the purpose of dating it must be noted that no

confidence can…

1


New Testament Introduction The Synoptic Problem p 136 CHAPTER FIVE THE SYNOPTIC PROBLEM 1

New Testament Introduction A Brief Historical Survey of

Solutions

p 138 until they were forced to the forefront by the upsurge of

rationalism in the eighteenth century.2 a. The original

gospel hypothesis The first solution suggested was that of

G. E. Lessing,3 who…

2

New Testament Introduction The Marcan Source p 150 paralleled in Luke. In Matthew and Luke combined all but

four paragraphs of Mark are paralleled.2 In just over half

of the common material which Matthew and Luke

respectively share with Mark…

9

New Testament Introduction The Source Q p 164 of verbal agreement, was felt to be impossible on any

theory but a common written source.2 2. The order in

which both Matthew and Luke have used their common

material is roughly similar…

4

New Testament Introduction Conclusion p 208 VIII. CONCLUSION This survey of the various source

theories has shown that the synoptic problem still remains,

and it will therefore be necesary to discuss possible

avenues along which further…

1

New Testament Introduction General Criticisms of Form

Criticism

p 231 did not make more use of these (if he had access to

them) in preference to community traditions.1 As a

concluding justification for the form-critical approach he

appeals to the fact that the…

1

New Testament Introduction The Value of Form

Criticism

p 234 problems, which would not otherwise have been brought

to notice, such a claim is justified.1 2. It has been said that

form criticism plunges us into the twilight period of the

Christian…

3

New Testament Introduction Relation to 2 Peter p 920 assumed to be an argument for the priority of Mark over

Matthew in examinations of the synoptic problem. It is

difficult, to attach much weight to such evidence. 9. A

further consideration to…

1

New Testament Introduction Further Reflections On the

Synoptic Problem

p 1028 APPENDIX D FURTHER REFLECTIONS ON THE SYNOPTIC

PROBLEM It would be foolish to affirm that the last word

has yet been said about the synoptic problem. The

variety of theories, together with the…

2

New Testament Introduction Guiding Principles p 1031 treasured literature about Jesus Christ. In considering any

possible solution to the synoptic problem, therefore, due

attention must be paid to ancient traditions. The task will

be to…

6


New Testament Introduction Important Factors in the

Search for a Solution

p 1038 II. IMPORTANT FACTORS IN THE SEARCH FOR A SOLUTION

Owing to lack of sufficient data the synoptic problem

must very largely remain unsolved. Yet this does not mean

that there can be no certainty…

4

New Testament Introduction General Bibliography p 1064 Sir R., The Pastoral Epistles, 1937. Farmer, W. R., Synopticon.

1969. Farmer, W. R., The Synoptic Problem, A Critical

Analysis, 21976. Farmer, W. R., The Last Twelve Verses of

Mark, 1974 Farmer…

1

New Testament Introduction General Bibliography p 1084 Study, 1974. Longstaff, T. R. W., Evidence of Conflation in

Mark? A Study in the Synoptic Problem, 1977. Lorenzen, T.,

Der Lieblingsjünger im Johannesevangelium. Eine…

1

New Testament Introduction General Bibliography p 1100 Gospel, 1905. Sanday, W., Inspiration, 1893. Sanday, W.

(ed.), Oxford Studies in the Synoptic Problem, 1911.

Sanday, W. and Headlam, A. C., The Epistle to the

Romans (ICC),1895 Sanders, E…

1

New Testament Introduction General Bibliography p 1105 1960. Stauffer, E., Theology of the New Testament (Eng.

tr.), 1955. Stein, R. H., The Synoptic Problem. An

Introduction, 1987. Steinmann, A., Die Apostelgeschichte

Abersetzt und erklärt, 4…

1

New Testament Survey:

Matthew - Revelation

III. Date p 5 DATE A. In many ways the date of the Gospel is

linked to the Synoptic problem. Which Gospel was written

first and who borrowed from whom? 1. Eusebius, in

Historical Ecclesiasticus , 3:39:15…

1

The New Testament: Its

Background and Message,

2nd edition

Preface to Revised Edition p xviii the bibliographies and expanding the discussions in a

number of areas (e.g., the synoptic problem and textual

criticism). I added a jot here and a tittle there, mostly to

round out the…

1



2nd edition

Introduction to the

Original Edition

p 2 introductory chapters assess various critical approaches

to the life of Jesus and the synoptic problem. A

harmonistic perspective following the organization of A. T.

Robertson‘s Harmony of the…

1



2nd edition

Chapter 6: The Synoptic

Problem

p 113 The Synoptic Problem 1



2nd edition

Guiding Questions p 114 have more than one Gospel? These observations and

questions represent the essence of the Synoptic problem.

In the following sections we will review some of the

suggested solutions.

1




2nd edition

The Period of Written

Sources: Source Criticism

p 120 altered, but only a few scholars support it today. The most

widely held solution to the Synoptic problem stems from a

theory of interdependence. This view suggests that two of

the Gospel writers…

2



2nd edition

Moving toward a

Synoptic Consensus

p 126 Toward a Synoptic Consensus No overarching hypothesis

is possible in solving the Synoptic problem. However,

several directions of movement toward a solution are

obvious.9 It is important to…

2



2nd edition

For Further Discussion p 127 Further Discussion 1. List the evidence for the presence

of the Synoptic problem by comparing and contrasting

the Matthaean, Markan, and Lucan accounts of Jesus‘

baptism and temptation (Matt. 3…

1



2nd edition

General Information on


p 127 Information on the Synoptic Problem Black, David Alan,

and David Beck. Rethinking the Synoptic Problem. Grand

Rapids: Baker, 2002. Black, David Alan, and David

Dockery. New Testament…

5



2nd edition

Source Criticism p 129 studies largely dealing with source criticism, but exploring

other options. ———. The Synoptic Problem. Dillsboro,

N.C.: Western North Carolina Press, 1976. Streeter, B. H. The

Four Gospels: A…

1



2nd edition

Authorship p 133 important reason for this denial is the difficulty of

Matthew‘s apparent use of Mark‘s Gospel.3 Matthew was

an apostle. How could he, the argument goes, use the

writings of someone who lacked…

1

NPNF1:6 Chapter III De consens. Ev.

1.3.6

him as a confederate, who was meant in some way to

serve as an epitomizer of his narrative.20

1

NPNF2:1 Chapter XXIV Hist. eccl. 3.24.6 he was about to go to other peoples, committed his

Gospel to writing in his native tongue,199 and thus

compensated those whom he was obliged to leave for

the loss of his presence. 7 And when…

1

The Oxford Dictionary of the

Christian Church

Biblical Commission p 207 authenticity and character of Is. (1908), the historicity of

Gen. 1–3 (1909), and the *Synoptic Problem (1912). The

responsa were never understood to have been issued

infallibly. In his motu…

1


Christian Church

Caesarean text p 263 would ease one of the difficulties for the classic ‗Two

Source‘ solution to the *Synoptic Problem. B. H. Streeter,

The Four Gospels (1924), ch. 4, pp. 77–108. McNeile, pp.

387–91. K…

1



Christian Church

Griesbach, Johann Jakob p 718 cent, by W. R. Farmer and others, but it is accepted by

only a minority of scholars (see SYNOPTIC PROBLEM). His

most valuable work was in the field of *textual criticism.

After travels in England…

1


Christian Church

Harnack, Adolf p 741 bis Eusebius (3 vols., 1893–1904). Later he published a

series of notable studies on the *Synoptic Problem, in

which (to the surprise of friends and foes alike) he upheld

very early dates for the…

1


Christian Church

Huck, Albert p 803 Its existence greatly assisted modern researches (esp. in

the years 1895–1925) into the *Synoptic Problem. Eng.

adaptation of the 9th Ger. edn. by F. L. Cross (Tübingen,

1936; Oxford, 1949…

1


Christian Church

Luke, Gospel of St p 1011 Q‘. Some, however, think that his second source was

Matthew. (On these questions, see SYNOPTIC PROBLEM.)

The similarities with Matthew and Mark indicate that the

author could follow sources…

1


Christian Church

Mark, Gospel of St p 1045 were added to the Gospel at an early date. See

ARISTION; also MARCAN HYPOTHESIS and SYNOPTIC

PROBLEM. The patristic and medieval commentators paid

scant attention to St Mark‘s Gospel…

2


Christian Church

Matthew, Gospel acc. to

St

p 1064 of Matthew and Christian Judaism (Edinburgh, 1998). See

also SERMON ON THE MOUNT and SYNOPTIC PROBLEM.

1


Christian Church

Proto-Luke p 1349 in England, this theory is now generally abandoned. B. H.

Streeter, ‗Fresh Light on the Synoptic Problem‘, Hibbert

Journal, 20 (1921–2), pp. 103–12; id., The Four Gospels

(1924), ch. 8.

1


Christian Church

‗Q‘ p 1363 Luke show a close similarity to each other but not to any

parallel passage in Mark. (See SYNOPTIC PROBLEM.) The

passages consist largely of sayings of Jesus and some

other material, e.g. on St…

2


Christian Church

Streeter, Burnett Hillman p 1558 also a canon of *Hereford Cathedral. His researches into

the *Synoptic Problem, notably in Oxford Studies in the

Synoptic Problem (ed. W. *Sanday, 1911), helped to

establish among English…

2


Christian Church

Synoptic Problem p 1580 Synoptic Problem. The problem of the literary relationship

between the three ‗Synoptic Gospels‘ (Mt., Mk., Lk.),

posed by the amount of subject-matter which they share

and the many similarities in…

5



Christian Church

Urmarcus p 1683 The Gospel History and its Transmission (1906), pp. 40–61.

N. P. *Williams, Studies in the Synoptic Problem (ed. W.

*Sanday, 1911), pp. 387–421 (a critique of Wendling). V.

Taylor, The Gospel…

1


Christian Church

Weiss, Bernhard p 1737 exegesis, their attention to the history of interpretation,

and their interest in the *Synoptic Problem. He also issued

a critical edition of the NT text (3 parts, 1894–1900; 2nd

edn., 1902…

1

Philosophy and

Methodology: Bible-Based

Hermeneutics

Enter Satan and His

Unrelenting Attack on

Scripture

p 79 scholarship today is often still enticed by the new and the

academically titillating.21 By the middle 18th Century, the

secular liberal philosophies of the higher literary

German…

1

Mark (PNTC) Prophet without Honor

(6:1-6a)

Mk 6:2–3 the better-known parent, and evidently without the

opprobrium of illegitimacy attached to it.60 In the OT, for

instance, Joab, Abishai, and Asael are repeatedly

(twenty-six times) referred…

1

Matthew (PNTC) Preface p xi with which some scholars put forward their hypotheses of

the way Matthew worked, the Synoptic problem has not

been solved. J. A. Fitzmyer is not being unreasonable or

obscurantist when he…

1

Matthew (PNTC) V. Sources p 15 Most of the content of Mark is also found in this Gospel,

though generally in a shorter form.51 Most scholars have

concluded that our author was apparently glad to use

the earlier Gospel, but…

1

Matthew (PNTC) V. Sources p 17 material in a satisfying Gospel? It seems to me not only

that have we not solved the Synoptic Problem, but also

that we are not likely ever to solve it. Too much of the

writing of the early…

1

Reasonable Faith Evangelical Responses p 202 such as postulating literary dependence of one gospel

upon another as inherently anti-Christian.33 Not nearly as

extreme but more widespread is the legacy of Cornelius

van Til, longtime…

1

Reasonable Faith Apostolicity, Authorship,

and Date

p 204 that canonical (Greek) Matthew was written after Mark,

in partial literary dependence on him.39 Why, the critics

continue, would Matthew the apostle depend on the

work of a non-apostolic…

2

Reasonable Faith Life of Jesus Movement p 235 possible. By this time NT criticism had evolved the two-

source theory—that is, that the synoptic problem was to

be solved by postulating Matthew and Luke‘s use of Mark

and another source of…

1


Reasonable Faith Chapter Six: The Historical

Reliability of the New

Testament

p 320 Stein, Robert H. Difficult Passages in the Gospels. Grand

Rapids: Baker, 1984. ——. The Synoptic Problem. Grand

Rapids: Baker, 1987. Sterling, Gregory E. Historiography

and Self-Definition…

1

Rethinking the Gospel

Sources: From Proto-Mark to

Mark

Title Page p iv bibliographical references. ISBN 0–567–02540–3

(hardcover)—ISBN 0–567–02550–0 (pbk.) 1. Synoptic

problem. 2. Bible. N.T. Gospels—Criticism, interpretation,

etc. I. Title. BS2555.52.B87 2004 226…

1



Mark

Chapter 1: Introduction to

the Problem

p 1 1 Introduction to the Problem THE SYNOPTIC PROBLEM

remains one of the central unresolved issues in the study

of the Gospels. Some sort of literary relationship exists

between the three…

15



Mark

Minor Agreements: The

State of the Question

p 8 the extra words did not originally appear in Matthew but

were added later from Luke by a scribe.5 This explanation

faces the difficulty that all known manuscripts of Matthew

include the words…

2



Mark

Benign Features of Mark

Absent from Matthew

and Luke

p 13 able to come up with some conjecture as to why both

Matthew and Luke would have omitted it.16 Streeter‘s

summary dismissal of these so-called omissions does not

do justice to the problem…

2



Mark

Distinctive Features of

Matthew

p 54 hypothesis and Farrer‘s theory take Luke‘s phrase in Luke

7:1 as evidence that Luke knew Matthew.4 According to

these theories, Matthew came first and created a

formula that he placed at the end…

1



Mark

Chapter 4: Sources

Common to Mark and

Matthew

p 60 the ―new-character narrative,‖ a unique feature of Luke‘s

style pointed out by Patrick Dickerson.1 We could then

argue that Luke contains a level of redaction unknown to

either Mark or Matthew and…

2



Mark

Previous Scholarship on

Conflation in Mark

p 119 in Matthew [by the two-document hypothesis] occurs

also, and much more frequently, in Mark.‖2 The two-

document hypothesis affirms that Matthew conflated two

overlapping traditions, namely…

2



Mark

Dual Expressions as

Conflation of Two Sources

p 122 or duplicate expressions in Mark has played an important

role in some discussions of the Synoptic Problem.8 Such

expressions may be ―duplicate,‖ that is, equivalent in

meaning and somewhat…

1




Mark

Theory of Proto-Mark (Ur-

Markus)

p 134 the criteria, then perhaps more complex theories will.

Early in the history of the Synoptic Problem, German

scholars theorized that Matthew and Luke drew not from

Mark but from an earlier…

1



Mark

Final Considerations p 263 Occam‘s razor‖ warn us not to multiply entities

unnecessarily in formulating hypotheses?11 The key word

here, I believe, is ―unnecessarily.‖ Occam‘s razor does not

imply that the correct…

3



Mark

Select Bibliography on


p 272 Bibliography on the Synoptic Problem Allen, Willougby C.

A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel

According to Matthew. ICC. New York: Scribner‘s, 1907.

Bellinzoni, Arthur J., ed…

23



Mark

Index of Modern Authors p 289 C., 2, 2n. 4, 14n. 18, 62, 62n. 3, 63, 63n. 6 Baird, Davis, 127n.

12 Barth, G., 31n. 35 Beare, Francis Wright, 232n. 1 Beck,

David R., 4n. 14 Black, David Alan, 4n. 14 Boismard, M.-É.,

129n…

90

Semeia 6: Erhardt

Guttgemanns' Generative

Poetics

1. Generative Poetics p 6 therefore be regarded as a transformation of the text

structure. So, for example, the synoptic problem has its

fundamental solution in a generative and

transformational text theory. For…

1

Semeia 6: Erhardt


Poetics

1. Actions, Functions,

Motifemes, and Narremes

as Nodal Points…

p 54 that which appears at the text semantic content level to

be a coherent unity and totality64. This non-linearity of

the verbalization ―is a logical consequence of the fact

that motifemes…

1

Semeia 6: Erhardt


Poetics

2. The Assault of Linguistics

on Traditional Nt Theology

p 212 redaction criticism, tradition history and the history of

religions, the solution of the synoptic problem and the

explanation of the gospel ―form,‖ the anthropological

lexematics of the…

1

Semeia 12: The Poetics of

Faith, Part 1: Rhetoric,

Eschatology, and Ethics in

the New Testament

Works Consulted p 53 Thomas R. W. 1977 Evidence of Conflation in Mark: A

Study in the Synoptic Problem. SBLDS 28. Missoula, MT:

Scholars Press. Perrin, Norman 1974 The New…

1

Semeia 25: Julius Wellhausen

and His Prolegomena the

History of Israel

III. Source Analysis p 93 criticism. Wellhausen accepted the Two Source theory as

the basic solution to the synoptic problem. He assumed

that the Gospel of Mark had been expanded and

altered at some points but…

1

Semeia 30: Christology and

Exegesis: New Approaches

I p 127 the biblical department at the border and receive from

them ―assured results‖ in Markan studies4? This lack of

unanimity is not merely the inevitable result of the

scholarly proclivity to…

1


Semeia 39: Orality, Aurality

and Biblical Narrative

The Oral and the

Written Gospel

p 61 as a transitional stage between orality and literacy may

have major implications for the Synoptic problem. The

basic change between the memorization of oral

traditions and the memorization of…

1

Semeia 39: Orality, Aurality

and Biblical Narrative

The Methodology of

Historical Criticism

p 64 tradition can be appropriately understood. Silberman

thus appeals for approaching the Synoptic problem as

hearers and storytellers rather than as silent readers and

critics…

2

Semeia 43: Genre,

Narrativity, and Theology

Works Consulted p 73 C. H. 1982 Reading Luke. New York: Crossroad. Toews,

J. E. 1981 ―The Synoptic Problem and the Genre

Question.‖ Direction 10:11–18. Traversa, A. 1952 …

1

Semeia 49: The Apocryphal

Jesus and Christian Origins

Works Consulted p 98 York: De Gruyter. Walker, William O. 1983 ―The Son of

Man Question and the Synoptic Problem.‖ Pp. 261–301 in

New Synoptic Studies: The Cambridge Gospel

Conference and Beyond. Ed…

1

Semeia 52: How Gospels

Began

1. The Place of the

Birth Narratives

p 107 an assumption that the two-document hypothesis is the

correct fundamental solution to the synoptic problem,

states that in its earliest form, the Gospel of Luke consisted

of the non-Markan…

2

Semeia 52: How Gospels

Began

Works Consulted p 119 Religious Studies 6:94–108. Streeter, Burnett H. 1921

―Fresh Light on the Synoptic Problem.‖ Hibbert Journal

1924 The Four Gospels: A Study of Origins. London:

Macmillan…

1

Semeia 55: Early Christianity,

Q and Jesus

Preface p vii sometimes whimsical, use of the idea of a second

synoptic source in order to solve the Synoptic problem.

From that point on, Q became a fixed and relatively

definable point of reference, used…

1


Q and Jesus

1. The Text of Q and


p 2 SYNOPTIC PROBLEM The existence of a sayings collection

was posited over one hundred and fifty years ago, the

inference of Christian Hermann Weisse‘s solution to the

Synoptic problem…

4


Q and Jesus

1. Eichhorn‘s Primitive

Gospel

p 46 writers themselves. No convincing case could be made

on Eichhorn‘s lines for solving the synoptic problem. His

plea for the Urschrift proved to be altogether ideological.

Its purpose and function…

1



Q and Jesus

2. Weisse‘s Aramaic

Hypothesis

p 49 Papias‘ quotations, suggestive though they may have

proven for the discussion of the synoptic problem, do not

bring scholarship back to the long sought-for Aramaic-

speaking primitive church…

1


Q and Jesus

3. From Holtzmann to

Wellhausen

p 49 that the Two-Source Hypothesis represents the most

plausible solution to the synoptic problem: ―The Two-

Source Hypothesis deserves to be called the mature result

of large-scale and…

2


Q and Jesus

0. Introduction p 77 at the very least caution us against assuming that the

economy of this solution to the Synoptic problem is a

completely adequate description of the actual

relationships among the Synoptic…

1


Q and Jesus

Works Consulted p 259 SBLASP 27. Atlanta: Scholars. Sanday, William, ed. 1911

(Oxford) Studies in the Synoptic Problem. Oxford:

Clarendon. Sanders, E. P. 1985 Jesus and Judaism.

London: SCM…

1

Semeia 72: Taking It

Personally

Me and My Bladder p 21 before a blackboard with my back to a class of college

students. I was lecturing on the synoptic problem…‖

(Farmer: ix). What might we expect to encounter at the

other end of the scale? Miller…

1

Semeia 72: Taking It

Personally

Works Cited p 45 Press. Farmer, William R. 1994 The Gospel of Jesus: The

Pastoral Relevance of the Synoptic Problem. Louisville, KY:

Westminster/John Knox. Folkenflik, Robert, ed. 1993 The

Culture of…

1

Semeia 78: Reading the

Bible as Women:

Perspectives from Africa,

Asia, and Latin America

A North American

Perspective

p 146 the authors for preserving and elaborating their work,

then we will conceive the synoptic problem and

Christology and ethics in new ways more faithful both to

the tradition and to…

1


Acts of the Apostles in

Intertextual Perspectives

Introduction: Apocryphal


Intertextual…

p 4 the Acts of Andrew (Prieur). MacDonald‘s essay offers a

comprehensive overview of the synoptic problem on the

basis of the verbal parallels he has identified. His study

outlines a set of…

1



Intertextual Perspectives

Historical, Rhetorical,

Literary, Linguistic,

Cultural, and Artistic…

p 291 of this approach during the nineteenth century was

vigorous exploration of the synoptic problem, which

inverted conventional wisdom about the order of

dependence between the gospels of…

1

Semeia 82: In Search of the

Present: The Bible Through

Cultural Studies

Abstract p 139 persistent questions about Jesus‘s birth, it also assists in

ameliorating the abiding Synoptic Problem that troubles

so many biblical scholars: aliens provide the essential

connection between…

1


The Sermon on the Mount

(Hermeneia)

7. The Twentieth Century p 37 other options that could have suggested themselves

given the status of Q-research at the time.297 The

influential work by Vincent Henry Stanton (1846–1924),

carrying the provocative title The…

1


(Hermeneia)

7. The Twentieth Century p 38 Harnack in his contribution, ―The Book of Sayings Used by

the Editor of the First Gospel.‖299 Allen pointed out that

Harnack‘s way of reconstructing the source Q destroyed

the very…

1


(Hermeneia)

4. Studies p 655 Matthäus: Ein theologisches Portrait (Düsseldorf: Patmos,

1989). William R. Farmer The Synoptic Problem: A Critical

Analysis (Dillsboro, N.C.: Western North Carolina, 1976).

William R. Farmer…

1


(Hermeneia)

4. Names of

Commentators and

Scholars

p 688 176 Albertz, M. 3302 Allberry, C. R. C. 552277 Allen, T. G.

543207 Allen, W. C. 37297, 38, 39 Allison, D. C. 49, 65, 4237,

440133, 450220, 450221, 539184, 541191 Alon…

2

The So That's Why! Bible The Synoptic Problem SYNOPTIC PROBLEM The first three Gospels are called the

Synoptic Gospels. The word ―Synoptic‖ comes from two

Greek words meaning ―seen together.‖ Matthew, Mark,

and Luke tell the story of Jesus…

2

The So That's Why! Bible Sermon on the Mount or

Plain (Matthew 5:1-48;

Luke 6:20-36)

Matt. 5–7) and Luke‘s ―Sermon on the Plain‖ (Luke

6:20–49) illustrate the so-called ―Synoptic problem.‖ There

are tremendous similarities between their presentations,

but also differences…

1

The Synoptic Gospels At the Window and the

Rise of Classical Synoptic

Criticism

p 15 of ‗looking at the window‘ done today? The Synoptic

Problem. It begins with what today we call the Synoptic

Problem. In brief, the Synoptic Problem arises as a result of

careful comparison of…

9

The Synoptic Gospels Strategies for Reading the

Synoptic Gospels

p 38 Synoptic Problem‘, for a brief selection, see: St Augustine,

The Harmony of the Gospels (trans. S.D.F. Salmond; NPNF,

6; Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1979). D. Dungan, A History of

the Synoptic Problem…

6

The Synoptic Gospels Conclusion p 72 Edwards, Matthew‘s Story of Jesus (Philadelphia: Fortress

Press, 1985). W.R. Farmer, The Synoptic Problem (New

York: Macmillan, 1976). A.M. Farrer, On Dispensing with Q‘,

in D. Nineham (ed…

1

The Synoptic Gospels The Evidence of Sources

in Mark

p 161 others as its source. It is the nature of this literary

relationship that constitutes the Synoptic Problem. If Mark

is related to these other Gospels and yet was neither the

earliest Gospel (as we…

1


The Synoptic Gospels Markan Priority and the

Synoptic Problem

p 161 Priority and the Synoptic Problem As is now well known, if

the three so-called Synoptic Gospels are viewed together

(hence their name), certain similarities and differences

emerge. All three…

3

The Synoptic Gospels Sources p 262 detail here. (For fuller treatments, see Fitzmyer, ‗The Priority

of Mark‘, and Tuckett, ‗Synoptic Problem‘.) Luke‘s Gospel

is one of the Synoptic Gospels (Matthew, Mark and Luke),

so-called…

2

The Synoptic Gospels Mark p 263 a universally held view: a small but powerful minority of

scholars (e.g. Farmer, The Synoptic Problem) would hold

that the agreements between Mark and Matthew/Luke

are better explained if…

1

The Synoptic Gospels Q p 263 Luke also shares a lot of material with Matthew alone. The

solution to this aspect of the Synoptic Problem is more

disputed. The standard solution today is that Matthew

and Luke do not depend on…

1

The Synoptic Gospels Purpose p 271 510. D.R. Catchpole, The Quest for Q (Edinburgh: T. & T.

Clark, 1993). W.R. Farmer, The Synoptic Problem (Dillsboro‘

NC: Western North Carolina Press, repr. 1976 [1964]). J.A.

Fitzmyer, ‗The…

2

Systematic Theology,

Volume One: Introduction,

Bible

The Results of Destructive

Biblical Criticism

p 347 negative critic Eta Linnemann has the insight of an insider

in her book Is There a Synoptic Problem? as well as an

article called ―Is There a Q?‖ (Biblical Review, Oct. 95), in

which she…

1



Bible

Sources p 349 on Trial. ———. ―Is There a Q?‖ in Biblical Review (October

1995). ———. Is There a Synoptic Problem? Mayr, Ernst.

―Introduction‖ to Darwin‘s Origin (1964 ed.). Meuller, G. E.

―The Hegel…

1



Bible

Sources p 492 and Archaeology. ———. Our Bible and the Ancient

Manuscripts. Linnemann, Eta. Is There a Synoptic

Problem? Martin, Michael. The Case Against Christianity.

Metzger, Bruce. Chapters in the History…

2



Bible

Bibliography p 595 Kregel, 2001. ———. ―Is There a Q?‖ in Biblical Review

(11:October 1995). ———. Is There a Synoptic Problem?


Gospels. Grand Rapids: Baker…

2


Talk thru the Bible Introduction to the

Historical Books

p 304 Supplementary The agreements and differences among

the synoptics have led to the ―synoptic problem‖ of

determining their literary relationship. The agreements

include selection of…

1

TDNT δαιμονίζομαι G1139 It is noteworthy that the Rabbis have no corresponding

verb,1 and in relation to the Synoptic problem it is

significant that this verb is comparatively most frequent in

Mt.

1

Tyndale Bible Dictionary Synoptic Gospels p 1230 to account for both the similarities and differences within

these Gospels constitute the ―synoptic problem.‖

Solutions have been sought in many ways. As early as the

second century, Tatian…

2

Tyndale Bible Dictionary Synoptic Problem p 1231 SYNOPTIC PROBLEM* See Synoptic Gospels. 1

Vital New Testatment Issues:

Examining New Testament

Passages and Problems

The Synoptic Problem p 11 Synoptic Problem What exactly is the problem between

the Synoptic Gospels that raises the question of literary

dependence? Actually there are four aspects to this

problem which must be…

1




The Proposed Solutions p 14 Proposed Solutions Suggestions on possible solutions to

the Synoptic problem are abundant. In fact if the many

different variations are considered separately, the field is

crowded with suggested…

1




The Oral Tradition Theory p 15 of the facts we have named, and it is: Jesus had the

habit of teaching in a stereotyped form.7 Grosheide‘s

point is well taken. There are indications that Christ gave

the same message on…

1




The Mutual Dependence

Theory

p 16 stone for the reemergence of this theory is the denial of

Marcan priority among the Gospels.13 This relates closely

to the next theory, but the essence of the argument is

this: The next…

1




The Priority of Mark p 21 applying their assumptions to make the evidence fit their

preconceived conclusions.25 The arguments for Marcan

priority from literary characteristics and greater historical

candor…

1

M-M ἄγω p 7 has important results, when set among others of like

nature, in the discussion of the synoptic problem: see

Expos. VII. vii. p. 413. The active perfect of ἄγω does not

appear in NT; but we…

1

M-M συνάγω p 600 in Exp VII. vii. p. 413 and Cambridge Biblical Essays, p.

485f., in connexion with the Synoptic Problem.]

1


Who‘s Who in Christian

History

Althaus, Paul p 21 interests and wrote extensively on such matters as

church–state relationships, the Synoptic problem, law and

the gospel, Christian ethics, and the Lutheran doctrine of

the sacraments. R. P…

1


History

Sanday, William p 605 views on the continent; Outlines of the Life of Christ (1905)

and Oxford Studies in the Synoptic Problem (1911), the

fruit of his Oxford seminar, which included eminent

biblical scholars such as…

1


History

Streeter, Burnett Hillman p 644 as a liberal theologian. The year previous, he published

an essay in Studies in the Synoptic Problem, which set him

out as a leading New Testament scholar. In 1924 his most

famous and…

1

WBC Vol. 11 Comment 2 Sa 6:13 later cultic practices (cf. Num 23:1; Job 42:8; Ezek 45:23).

However, W. E. Lemke (‖The Synoptic Problem in the

Chronicler‘s History,‖ HTR 58 [1965] 353) is of the opinion

that this reading may…

1

WBC Vol. 11 David‘s Census and the

Plague (24:1–25)

2 Sa 24:1 Times. Ed. D. J. Wiseman. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1973.

197–228. Lemke, W. E. ―The Synoptic Problem in the

Chronicler‘s History.‖ HTR 58 (1965) 349–63. Mendenhall, G.

E. ―The Census Lists…

1

WBC Vol. 14 Text p xxi Some Reflections on the καιγε Rescension.‖ VT 23 (1973)

15–24. Lemke, W. E. ―The Synoptic Problem in the

Chronicler‘s History.‖ HTR 58 (1965) 349–63. ———.

―Synoptic Studies in the…

1

WBC Vol. 15 Main Bibliography p xxii the Book of Chronicles. Ed. A. Saltman. Ramat-gan: Bar-

Ilan UP, 1978. Lemke, W. F. ―The Synoptic Problem in the

Chronicler‘s History.‖ HTR 58 (1965) 349–63. ———.

Synoptic Studies in the…

1

WBC Vol. 33A Matthew‘s Sources p xlvi G. Miller. Pittsburgh: Pittsburgh Theological Seminary, 1970.

1:51–97. Farmer, W. R. The Synoptic Problem: A Critical

Analysis. 2nd ed. Dillsboro, NC: Western North Carolina,

1976. ———., ed. New…

2

WBC Vol. 33A Form/Structure/Setting Mt 13:18 our synoptic Gospels and as an explanation for the

differences, see D. Wenham (―The Synoptic Problem

Reconsidered: Some Suggestions about the Composition

of Mark 4.1–34, ‖ TynBul 23 [1972] 3…

1

WBC Vol. 34A Sources p xxxii et rédaction, ed. M. Sabbe. BETL 34. Gembloux: Leuven

UP, 1974.59–91. Farmer, W. R. The Synoptic Problem: A

Critical Analysis. New York: Macmillan, 1964. ———, ed.

New Synoptic Studies: The…

1


WBC Vol. 34A C. The Parable of the

Seeds (4:1–9)

Mk 4:1 the Parabolic Intent in the Parable of the Sower.‖ JAAR 47

(1979) 97–120. Wenham, D. ―The Synoptic Problem

Revisited: Some New Suggestions about the Composition

of Mark 4:1–34.‖ TB 23 (1972) 3–38…

1

WBC Vol. 34A D. The Mystery of the

Kingdom (4:10–12)

Mk 4:10 BJRL 59 (1977) 458–71. Weeden, T. J. Mark: Traditions in

Conflict. 1971. Wenham, D. ―The Synoptic Problem


of Mark 4:1–34.‖ TB 23 (1972) 3–38…

1

WBC Vol. 34A H. The Parable of the

Mustard Seed (4:30–32)

Mk 4:30 F. ―1Q Hodajoth und das Gleichnis vom Senfkorn.‖ BZ 4



of Mark 4:1–34.‖ TB 23 (1972) 3–38.

1

WBC Vol. 34A I. Summary (4:33–34) Mk 4:33 Society, 1973. Reploh, K.-G. Markus—Lehrer der

Gemeinde. 1969. Wenham , D. ―The Synoptic Problem


of Mark 4:1–34.‖ TB 23 (1972) 3–38.

1

WBC Vol. 34B Synoptic Problem p xii SYNOPTIC PROBLEM Bibliography Abbott, E. A. The

Corrections of Mark Adopted by Matthew and Luke.

London: Black, 1901. Bellinzoni, A. J. ―The Gospel of

Matthew in the Second Century.‖ SecCent 9…

34

WBC Vol. 34B When Was Mark Written? p xii 46 [1995] 29–42). Wenham, J. Redating Matthew, Mark


London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1991. Twenty years ago J.

A. T. Robinson (Redating the New…

1

WBC Vol. 34B V. Summons to the

Discipleship of Suffering

(8:27–9:50)

Mk 8:27–9:50 Mark 8,27–10,52 i Markusevangeliets komposition.‖ DTT 27

(1964) 83–99. Stein, R. H. The Synoptic Problem. Grand

Rapids, MI: Baker, 1987. 258–63. Stock, A. Call to

Discipleship: A Literary Study…

1

WBC Vol. 34B A. The Confession and

Rebuke of Peter (8:27–33)

Mk 8:27–33 Catholica 32 (1978) 46–73. Farmer, W. R. ―The Passion


Case.‖ NTS 36 (1990) 558–70. Feuillet, A. ―Les trois grandes

prophéties de la…

1

WBC Vol. 34B F. Jesus Again Foretells His

Passion (9:30–32)

Mk 9:30–32 jour.‘‖ Bib 40 (1959) 742–61. Farmer, W. R. ―The Passion




1

WBC Vol. 34B H. He Who Is Not against

Us Is for Us (9:38–41)

Mk 9:38–41 2. Bruges: Desclée de Brouwer, 1957. 152–77. Fee, G. D.

―Modern Text Criticism and the Synoptic Problem.‖ In J. J.

Griesbach: Synoptic and Text-Critical Studies 1776–1976.

Ed. J. B. Orchard and…

2


WBC Vol. 34B C. The Third Prediction of

the Passion (10:32–34)

Mk 10:32–34 jour.‖ Bib 40 (1959) 742–61. Farmer, W. R. ―The Passion




1

WBC Vol. 34B L. Denunciation of Scribes

(12:38–40)

Mk 12:38–40 The Sayings of Jesus. London: SCM Press, 1949. 228–31.

Marshall, I. H. ―How to Solve the Synoptic Problem: Luke

11,43 and Parallels.‖ In The New Testament Age. FS B.

Reicke, ed. W. C. Weinrich. 2…

1

WBC Vol. 34B 3. The Great Tribulation

(13:14–23)

Mk 13:14–23 Dacre, 1951; New York: Oxford UP, 1952. 360–66. Fee, G. D.

―A Text-Critical Look at the Synoptic Problem.‖ NovT 22

(1980) 12–28, esp. 17–23. Fleddermann, H. T. Mark and Q.

199–201. Flusser, D…

1

WBC Vol. 34B Comment Mk 14:47 over against Mark hardly constitutes real evidence

against the two-source theory (see ―Synoptic Problem‖ in

the Introduction). Brown (1:266–67; cf. van Iersel, 438–39)

thinks that the person…

1

WBC Vol. 35A The Composition of the

Lukan Gospel

p xxx Matthew and Luke is particularly to be associated with

the name of W. R. Farmer (see The Synoptic Problem: A

Critical Analysis, and various articles). He and a vocal

minority of other scholars…

1

WBC Vol. 35A General Bibliography p liv Elisha Narratives and the Ethic of Election.‖ JBL 106 (1987)

75–83. Farmer, W. R. The Synoptic Problem: A Critical

Analysis. Macon, GA: Mercer University, 1976. ———.

―Luke‘s Use of Matthew: A…

1

WBC Vol. 35A General Bibliography p lvi Int 31 (1977) 251–62. Hawkins, J. C. Horae Synopticae:

Contributions to the Study of the Synoptic Problem. 2nd

ed. Oxford: Clarendon, 1909. Heinemann, J. ―The Triennial

Lectionary Cycle.‖ JJS 19…

1

WBC Vol. 35A General Bibliography p lxv of 1982 and 1983. JSOTSup 7. Sheffield: JSOT, 1984. ———.

―The Argument from Order and the Synoptic Problem.‖ TZ

36 (1980) 338–54. Turner, M. M. B. ―Spirit Endowment in

Luke/Acts: Some Linguistic…

1

WBC Vol. 35A Knowing the Secrets of

the Kingdom of God

(8:9–10)

Lk 8:9 in Parables (Mk 4,10–12; Lk 8,9–10; Mt 13,10–15).‖ CBQ 23



of Mark 4,1–34.‖ TynB 23 (1972) 3…

1

WBC Vol. 35A Take Care How You Hear

(8:16–18)

Lk 8:16 ZNW 39 (1940) 237–40. Kennedy, H. A. A. ―The Composition

of Mark iv. 21–25: A Study in the Synoptic Problem.‖

ExpTim 25 (1913–14) 301–5. Klauck, H.-J. Allegorie und

Allegorese in synoptischen…

1


WBC Vol. 35B General Bibliography p xlii Elisha Narratives and the Ethic of Election.‖ JBL 106 (1987)




1

WBC Vol. 35B General Bibliography p xlv Int 31 (1977) 251–62. Hawkins, J. C. Horae Synopticae:


ed. Oxford: Clarendon, 1909. Heard, W. ―Luke‘s Attitude

toward the Rich and the…

1

WBC Vol. 35B General Bibliography p xlvi 41. London: SCM, 1964. Keathley, N. H. ―The Temple in

Luke and Acts: Implications for the Synoptic Problem and

Proto-Luke.‖ In With Steadfast Purpose: Essays on Acts. FS

H.J. Flanders, Jr., ed. N…

1

WBC Vol. 35B General Bibliography p lvii Chico, CA: Scholars, 1985. 145–61. Tuckett, C. M. ―The

Argument from Order and the Synoptic Problem.‖ TZ 36

(1980) 338–54. ———. ―Q, the Law and Judaism.‖ In Law

and Religion, ed. B…

1

WBC Vol. 35B General Bibliography p lix Munich: Kössel, 1971. Wenham, J. Redating Matthew,

Mark and Luke: A Fresh Assault on the Synoptic Problem.

London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1991. ———. ―The

Identification of Luke.‖ EvQ 63 (1991 ) 3…

1

WBC Vol. 35B Tell No One, Because the

Son of Man Must Suffer

(9:21–22)

Lk 9:21 Paris: Gabalda, 1988. 247–307. Farmer, W. R. ―The Passion

Prediction Passages and the Synoptic Problem: a Test

Case.‖ NTS 36 (1990) 558–70, esp. 559–60. Feuillet, A. ―Les

trois grandes…

1

WBC Vol. 35B The Son of Man Is to Be

Delivered Up (9:43b–45)

Lk 9:43 Jesu im Lukasevangelium. 128–32. Farmer, W. R. ―The

Passion Prediction Passages and the Synoptic Problem: a

Test Case.‖ NTS 36 (1990) 558–70, esp. 561–63. Perrin, N.

―The Use of (παρα) διδόναι…

1

WBC Vol. 35B Who Is the Greatest?

(9:46–48)

Lk 9:46 B. C. ―M. Vaganay and the ‗Community Discourse.‗‖ NTS

1 (1954–55) 283–90. ———. ―The Synoptic Problem Again.‖

DR 73/231 (1955) 24–46. Descampes, A. ―Du discours de

Marc., ix, 33–50 aux…

1

WBC Vol. 35B Excursus: The Journey to

Jerusalem

Lk 9:50 Hawkins, J. C. ―Three Limitations to St. Luke‘s of St. Mark‘s

Gospel.‖ In Studies in the Synoptic Problem by Members

of the University of Oxford, ed. W. Sanday. Oxford:

Clarendon, 1911. 27–94…

1

WBC Vol. 35B Woes against Pharisees

and Lawyers (11:37–54)

Lk 11:37 H. ―The Washing of Cups.‖ JSNT 12 (1980) 3–15. Marshall, I.

H. ―How to Solve the Synoptic Problem: Luke 11:43 and

Parallels.‖ In The New Testament Age. FS B. Reicke, ed. W.

C. Weinrich…

1


WBC Vol. 35B ―Everything Written about

the Son of Man Will Be

Carried Out…

Lk 18:31 M: Knecht, 1978. 132–35. Farmer, W. R. ―The Passion

Prediction Passages and the Synoptic Problem: a Test

Case.‖ NTS 36 (1990) 558–70, esp. 563–66. Haenchen, E.

Der Weg Jesu. 360–62…

1

WBC Vol. 35C General Bibliography p xliv Elisha Narratives and the Ethic of Election.‖ JBL 106 (1987)




1

WBC Vol. 35C General Bibliography p xlvii Int 31 (1977) 251–62. Hawkins, J. C. Horae Synopticae:


ed(s). Oxford: Clarendon, 1909. Heard, W. ―Luke‘s Attitude

toward the Rich and the…

1

WBC Vol. 35C General Bibliography p xlviii 41. London: SCM, 1964. Keathley, N. H. ―The Temple in

Luke and Acts: Implications for the Synoptic Problem and

Proto-Luke.‖ In With Steadfast Purpose: Essays on Acts. FS

H. J. Flanders, Jr., ed…

1

WBC Vol. 35C General Bibliography p lix Chico, CA: Scholars, 1985. 145–61. Tuckett, C. M. ―The

Argument from Order and the Synoptic Problem.‖ TZ 36

(1980) 338–54. ———. ―Q, the Law and Judaism.‖ In Law

and Religion, ed(s). B…

1

WBC Vol. 35C General Bibliography p lxi Munich: Kössel, 1971. Wenham, J. Redating Matthew,

Mark and Luke: A Fresh Assault on the Synoptic Problem.

London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1991. ———. ―The

Identification of Luke.‖ EvQ 63 (1991) 3…

1

WBC Vol. 35C The Fate of the Wicked

Tenant Farmers (20:9–19)

Lk 20:9 of the Wicked Tenants.‖ NovT 14 (1972)226–37.Orchard, B.

―J. A. T. Robinson andthe Synoptic Problem.‖ NTS 22

(1975–76) 346–52. Pedersen, S. ―ZumProblem der vaticinia

ex eventu: Eine Analyse…

1

WBC Vol. 35C Conspiracy to Arrest Jesus

(22:1–2)

Lk 22:1 Synoptic Problem.‖ In Oxford Studies in the Synoptic

Problem, ed(s). W. Sanday. Oxford: Clarendon, 1911.

76–94. ———. ―St. Luke‘s Passion Narrative Considered

with Reference to the Synoptic Problem…

3

WBC Vol. 35C Jesus Sent to Appear

before Herod (23:6–12)

Lk 23:6 Streeter, B. H. ―On the Trial of Our Lord before Herod—A

Suggestion.‖ In Studies in the Synoptic Problem, ed(s). W.

Sanday. Oxford: Clarendon, 1911. 228–31. Tyson, J. B.

―Jesus and Herod…

1


WBC Vol. 35C For 6:27–38: Lk 24:53 tradition Q In Logia, ed(s). J. Delobel. 201–36. Fee, G. D.

―A Text-critical Look at the Synoptic Problem.‖ NovT 22

(1980) 12–28. Feidler, P. Jesus und die Sünder. 185–95.

Fuchs, J. ―Die…

1

WBC Vol. 36 II. The Origin of the Fourth

Gospel.

p xxxv Barrett states the case as follows: ―The facts which have

convinced most students of the synoptic problem that

Mark (or a document closely resembling it) was used by

Matthew and Luke are the…

1

WBC Vol. 42 3.

Authorship/Pseudonymity

/Canon

p lxviii loses its effectiveness. And as Moffatt (Introduction, 375)

reminds us, ―the synoptic problem is enough to show that

the deliberate employment of a source was not

incompatible with…

1

WBC Vol. 52A VII. The verb p clxxxv using the verb λέγω; J. C. Hawkins, Horae Synopticae:

Contributions to the Study of the Synoptic Problem, 2nd

ed. [Oxford: Clarendon, 1909] 143–48) and with

considerably less frequency in…

1

Word Pictures in the New

Testament

By Way of Introduction Mk 16:20 50. The various aspects of the Synoptic problem are ably

discussed by Hawkins in his Horae Synopticae, by Sanday

and others in Oxford Studies in the Synoptic Problem, by

Streeter in his The Four…

2

The Writings of the New

Testament

Part Three p 155 Synoptic Problem Determining the exact nature of the

literary relationship among the Synoptic Gospels is not

easy. There is a great amount of material shared by the

three Synoptics that has…

2


Testament

7. The Gospel of Mark p 159 reliable historical source for those seeking to uncover the

historical Jesus. When the Synoptic problem was solved in

favor of Markan priority, Mark‘s Gospel was regarded as

free from the…

1


Testament

The Synoptic Gospels p 179 Synoptic Gospels Evidence for the Synoptic Problem is

displayed by B. H. Throckmorton Jr., Gospel Parallels: A

Comparison of the Synoptic Gospels, 5th ed. (Nashville:

Thomas Nelson Pubs., 1992…

5


Testament

The Gospel of Mark p 184 26; Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1989); P. M. Head,

Christology and the Synoptic Problem: An Argument for

Markan Priority (SNTSMS, 94; Cambridge: Cambridge Univ.

Press, 1997); B…

1



Testament

Collection p 598 toward a Gospel collection is more difficult to trace. If the

two-source solution to the Synoptic problem is correct,

then we know that by the year 85 at the latest, Matthew,

or a Matthean…

1

The Wycliffe Bible

Commentary: New

Testament

Introduction doubts of Matthaean authorship are the product of

hypotheses developed to explain the Synoptic Problem.

But these hypotheses cannot alter the testimony of the

early church, whose writers…

1

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