residential metering technologies -...

Residential Metering

Technologies

By: Ryan Fields

TAUD Technical Conference

Gatlinburg, TN March 2013

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Today’s Agenda:

• Why the need for Advancements?

• Mechanical Meter Technologies

• Multi-jet

• Positive Displacement

• Floating Ball Technology

• 1-1/2 – 2 Omni R2

• Solid State Meter Technologies

• Fluid Oscillator

• Ultrasonic

• Electromagnetic

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Why the Advancements?

� If mechanical measurement has served us

for so long, why make a change?

–Water Loss = Revenue Loss

– New material regulations / January 2014 Lead Free

– Inherent low flow limitations with mechanical meters

– Increase importance on leak detection

– Increased need for system data

– Improvements in measurement technology

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Multi-Jet

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Multi-jet

�Water Uniformly Spread Across Multiple

Inlet Ports Flows across an impeller

� Impeller velocity determines flow rate

�Register determines volume

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Multi-Jet

• What is it?

•Velocity type meter where openings in

the meter chamber direct the water flow

across a multi-vaned rotor. The output

speed of the rotor is proportional to the

quantity of water passing through the

measuring chamber.

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Multi-Jet

• First designed and produced in

Germany 1867

•Primarily used overseas however they

have been available to the US Water

industry since early 1960’s

• Fall under AWWA C708 specification

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•Brands

•Precision PMM – discontinued

March 31, 2012

•Precision PMX - discontinued

•MasterMeter

Multi-Jet

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Multi-jet

� Advantages

– Great at passing foreign matter

– Low flow sensitivity (¼ GPM on 5/8x3/4)

– 97 – 103 accuracy range

– Relatively low head loss for mechanical meter (3.1 PSI at 10 GPM)

– Dry-top models registers could be accessed in-line (ex PMM)

– Available in a range of sizes (5/8 – 2”)

– Economically priced

� Disadvantages

– Potential jetting (finger over a garden hose / strainer)

– Horizontal / plumb installation required for accuracy

– Wet-top models had to be pulled for maintenance (ex PMX)

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Positive Displacement

–Two Types • Nutating Disc

• Neptune

• Badger

• Hersey

• Oscillating Piston

• Sensus

• Elster – No longer produced

• Mastermeter

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Positive Displacement – Nutating Disc

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Positive Displacement / Nutating Disc

• What is it?

• Nutating disc meters have a round disc that is

located inside a cylindrical chamber. The disc is

mounted on a spindle.

• The disc nutates, or wobbles, as it passes a

known volume of liquid through the cylindrical

chamber.

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• Characteristics

• Originated in the mid 1800’s

• Volumetric-type meter

• Ball and Socket measuring element

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� Advantages

– More accurate at low flows than multi-jet (@98.5)

– Low friction loss (8.0 psi at 20 gpm)

– ¼ - 20 GPM Flow Range (5/8x3/4)

– Proven technology

� Disadvantages

– Less likely to effectively pass foreign material (as compared to Multijet)

– Can stop up with sand, grit, or other elements easily

– Single wear point on the ball

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Positive Displacement - Nutating Disc

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Positive Displacement - Nutating Disc

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Positive Displacement- Oscillating Piston

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Positive Displacement- Oscillating Piston

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Positive Displacement - Oscillating Piston

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Positive Displacement – Oscillating Piston

�Characteristics

• Volumetric-type meter

• C700

• Floating piston

• ¼ - 20 GPM Flow Range (5/8x3/4)

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Positive Displacement – Oscillating Piston

� Advantages

– More accurate at low flows than Multi-jet (@98.5)

– Dual port design – floats piston

– Low friction loss (7.0 psi at 20 gpm / SRII)

– ¼ - 20 GPM Flow Range (5/8x3/4)

– Large surface area to reduce wear

– Proven technology

� Disadvantages

– Less likely to effectively pass foreign material (as compared to Multijet)

– Can stop up with sand, grit, or other elements easily

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Oscillating Piston

• Sensus SR

• Sensus SRII

• Sensus Accustream

• MasterMeter MMPD

• Elster/Amco C700 – No longer producing

mechanical meters

Sensus R2 Omni

Floating Ball Technology

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� R2 replaces the 1-1/2 and 2”

SR PD meter as well as the

1-1/2 and 2” PMM

� Gives better low flow

sensitivity and higher top

end flow

� Less cost than using Omni

Compound C2 or Omni T2

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� Characteristics of 2” R2 Omni

� Operating temperature range of 33°F (.56°C) – 150°F (65.6°C).

� Operating Range 100% ± 1.5% from 2.5 – 200 GPM (.56 – 45

m3/hr)

� Low Flow 95% – 101.5% @ 1.0 GPM (.23 m3/hr)

� Pressure Loss 7.0 psi @ 200 GPM (.48 bar @ 45 m3/hr)

� Maximum Operating Pressure - 200 PSI (13.8 bar)

� Flange Connections 2” U.S. ANSI B16.1 / AWWA Class 125

� Register: Fully electronic sealed register with programmable

registration (Gal. /Cu.Ft./ Cu. Mtr. / Imp.Gal / Acre Ft.)

� Programmable AMR/AMI reading

� Guaranteed 10 year battery life

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� Floating Ball Technology

� Extended flow range

� Improved accuracy

� One measuring element

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Electronic Register

� Three modes

� AMR Output comes standard

� Programmable features

� LCD odometer

� 10 year battery life

� More data for better decision making

AMR / AMI

Pulse

• Registration Units

• AMR Output Resolution

• Pulse Output Resolution

• Register Display

31 Days

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Floating Ball – Register - AMR

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Floating Ball – Register - Total

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Floating Ball – Register - Test

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Floating Ball – Test Port

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Versatility

� Standard laying lengths

� Application flexibility

� Interchangeable

measuring chambers

� Built in strainer and

test plug

� Drop-in chamber

� Ease of maintenance

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Benefits:

� Installation versatility

� Extended flow ranges

� Excellent return on

investment

Information Driven Utilities

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Solid State Meter Technology

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� 3 Different Types of Technology

– Fluidic Oscillator

– Residential Ultrasonic

– Residential Magnetic

CONFIDENTIAL


�Fluidic Oscillator – Elster SM700

CONFIDENTIAL


�How does a Fluidic Oscillator Water Meter

Work? � A special design of water flow chamber creates a fluctuating pressure

sequence that causes the water flow to oscillate.

� The frequency of the oscillations is directly proportional to the velocity

(speed) of the water.

� Sensors in the flow chamber count the oscillations.

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Solid State – Fluidic Oscillator

� Advantages

– NSF61 Certified

– Battery life greater than 15 years

– Low head loss (11 psi at 15 gpm)

– Increased flow range of .10 – 20 gpm

� Disadvantages

– Relatively new meter

– Metallic electrodes can corrode

– Prone to recording electrical current at highest flow rate resulting in over-

registration

– Not offered in a 1”

CONFIDENTIAL


�Fluidic Oscillator Technology from Elster Metering –

SM700

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Solid State - Ultrasonic

�Residential Ultrasonic Technology from

Badger Meter – E Series

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�Ultrasonic flow meters measure the

difference of the transit time of pulses

between two transducers.

�Ultrasonic signals sent in forward and

reverse directions of flow

�Velocity of water determined by

difference in two signals

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Solid State – Ultrasonic

� Advantages

– NSF61 Certified / Annex G

– 9 digit LCD Display

– Flow range of .05 – 25 gpm

– Low head loss (2.3 psi at 15 gpm)

– 20 year battery

– 175 psi

� Disadvantages

– Relatively new meter

– Ultrasonic reflectors extend thru flow tube and are open to build-up

– Recommended installation is 5 (up) and 2 (down) for dampening effect

– Because ultrasonic signals are sent every second to monitor flow, pulsation caused by

pumps or regulators could create measurement errors

– Accuracy can be affected by temperature, density, and viscosity of fluid being measured

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�Typical Ultrasonic Meter Diagram

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�Badger E-Series Side View

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Electromagnetic

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Electro-Magnetic - Iperl

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• Mag Meter: Faraday’s law

• States that the velocity of the

fluid is directly proportional to

an induced voltage as the fluid flows through a constant

magnetic field. As the flow

increases, so does the

voltage, and in turn a greater

volume of water is measured.

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• Patented features to achieve superior low flow accuracy with high flow

capability

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Electro-Magnetic – Iperl

• Advantages • No moving parts – 20 year accuracy

• Lowest head loss (2.0 psi at 15 gpm)

• Greatest Flow Range (.03 – 35 gpm on 5/8x3/4)

• 200 PSI (highest rated on the market)

• Temperature 33 F – 160 F

• Burst Pressure – 1650 psi (twice the psi as SRII PD meter)

• 20 year warranty on the battery

• Tamperproof

• Disadvantages • Cost

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Electro-Magnetic – Iperl

Remanent Field Technology:

What and Why?

� Definition: “The magnetization left behind in a material

after the external magnetic field is removed”

� Remanent Operation Permits Continuous Measurement

Without Applying Power Continuously

� Major advantages

– Helps solve power demands of traditional mag technology

– Contributes to better low flow accuracy

– 20 year battery life

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• Flow Tube – Glass Infused Crystalline Resin

• Rectangular cross section promotes best physics for measurement accuracy

• Does not promote scale formation

• Minimizes swirling and turbulence as water enters flow tube

• Increases water velocity which helps in detecting ultra low flows

• Can withstand high pressure (200 psi)

• Maintains dimensional stability in extreme temperatures (-30 F – 160 F)

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Solid State - Iperl

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� 9 digit field programmable display

� Sealed, glass encapsulated electronic

register

� Built-in strainer

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Features

Sealed

Electronic

Register

Flowtube

Magnetic

Flow

Sensors

Stra iner

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Available for reporting:

� Can detect

– Reverse flow

– Tamper

– Empty pipe

– Leak

� Lifetime alarms

– 6 month

– 1 month

– Battery failure

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� Condition monitoring alarms

– High temperature

– Low field

– High current

– Glide slope

– ADC failure

– Touchread failure

– EMF range

� Alarms to monitor the application as well as the health of the iPERL

Intelligent Alarms

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� High Temperature

– Exposure to environmental temperature outside its design range (-

30°F to160°F) for more than 15 minutes

� Low Field

– Issue with the magnetics

� High Current

– Magnetic drive coil consumes too much power

� Glide Slope

– Issue with the battery achieving full life of 20 years

� TouchRead Failure

– Failure of the touchcouple

� EMF Range

– Electrodes have been badly damaged

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Condition Monitoring Alarms

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Alarm History and Datalog

� All alarm conditions may be logged

– Records time of event

– Records complete state of device when event occurred

� Datalog

– Interval (configurable) data can be stored

• Peak flow in interval

• Volume in interval

– Capacity for ~5000 data points

• 49 days at 15 minute intervals

• 12 years at 24 hour intervals

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CONFIDENTIAL 57

Head Loss Curve

Typical PD Meter

iPERL

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• Sensus Video

• http://link.brightcove.com/services/player/bcpid808497992001?bckey=AQ~~,AAAAu-frDtE~,LkcoCtFGV5jS4A5r9w-AocR7zhpCG_4Z&bclid=0&bctid=812738342001

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CONFIDENTIAL

Electronic

Registers

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CONFIDENTIAL

Registers

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CONFIDENTIAL

Electronic Register � Available on SRII and accuSTREAM meters

– All orders for encoded accuSTREAMs beginning February 2013

– Option on SRII

» ICE-Opto registers will no longer be available after February 2014

– Not tested with multi-read devices

� Features

– 9 digit display (9th digit is leak indicator)

– Rate of flow

– AMR/AMI capability (Register ID and AMR digits)

– Plastic bonnet with removable register (tamper-resistant set-screw)

– Register bonnet is rotatable up to 270°

– 0.96” shorter than ICE-Opto register

� Warranty

– 20 year (10 full / 10 pro-rated)

CONFIDENTIAL

Conclusion �Mechanical Meters Are Still a Viable Solution

�They Have Served Us Well for Over 100 Years

�New Technologies Available Today Offer

Compelling Financial and Ecological Benefits

�They Compliment AMI System Deployments but

Offer Many Benefits Independent of AMI

�Utilities Should Explore and Understand the

Potential of These Meter Technologies

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Residential Metering Technologies

Questions?

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For more information, please refer to the

AWWA M6 Manual

or

Contact Ryan Fields, CI Thornburg

(865) 360 - 0346

(252) 902 - 5410

[email protected]

Thank you!

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