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RESEARCHERS MAP SIGNIFICANT OF FUNCTIONAL SEQUENCES OF MOUSE GENOME AND ACTIVATING NOTCH AND AKT GENE MAY TRIGGER CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA. ALEJANDRO POSADA GARZON MEDICINE ESTUDENT III SEMESTER . TEACHER LINA MARIA MARTINEZ SANCHEZ MOLECULAR BIOLOGY MEDELLIN - COLOMBIA

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Page 1: RESEARCHERS MAP SIGNIFICANT OF FUNCTIONAL SEQUENCES OF MOUSE GENOME AND ACTIVATING NOTCH AND AKT GENE MAY TRIGGER CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA

RESEARCHERS MAP SIGNIFICANT OF FUNCTIONAL SEQUENCES OF

MOUSE GENOME AND ACTIVATING NOTCH AND AKT GENE MAY

TRIGGER CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA. ALEJANDRO POSADA

GARZONMEDICINE ESTUDENT

III SEMESTER

.

TEACHERLINA MARIA MARTINEZ

SANCHEZMOLECULAR BIOLOGY

MEDELLIN - COLOMBIA

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INTRODUCTIONThe Human Genome is

the total number of chromosomes in the

body. The information contained in the genes has been decoded and

allows science knowledge by genetic tests, what diseases a person may suffer in

your life.

Cholangiocarcinoma is a cancerous

(malignant) in one of the tubes that carry bile from the liver to the small intestine.

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“RESEARCHERS MAP SIGNIFICANT PORTION OF FUNCTIONAL SEQUENCES

OF MOUSE GENOME.”NEWS - MEDICALS

JULY 2, 2012

The human genome has three main

benefits

Diagnosis and prevention of diseases

Intervention in the disease

Study of the susceptibility to diseases

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 "We know, for example, that only one to two percent of the functional genome codes for proteins, but that there are highly conserved regions in the genome outside of protein-coding that affect genes and disease development. It's clear these regions do something or they would have changed or disappeared”

“RESEARCHERS MAP SIGNIFICANT PORTION OF FUNCTIONAL SEQUENCES

OF MOUSE GENOME.”NEWS - MEDICALS

JULY 2, 2012

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• Gene regulation encompasses all processes that affect the action of a gene at the level of translation or transcription, regulating their functional products.

• Misregulation of genes can result in diseases like cancer.

• The researchers identified different sequences that promote or start gene activity, enhance its activity and define where it occurs in the body during development.

“RESEARCHERS MAP SIGNIFICANT PORTION OF FUNCTIONAL SEQUENCES

OF MOUSE GENOME.”NEWS - MEDICALS

JULY 2, 2012

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“RESEARCHERS MAP SIGNIFICANT PORTION OF FUNCTIONAL SEQUENCES

OF MOUSE GENOME.”NEWS - MEDICALS

JULY 2, 2012

The authors showed that this investigation was just beginning, a partial picture of the functional genome. Additional studies will be needed in other types of cells and at different stages of development.

"We've mapped and understand 11 percent of the genome," said Ren. "There's still a long way to march."

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I believe the future that this research will therefore have a clear objective and the results obtained have been very convincing and contributors. It seems very important, since it is a breakthrough that supports and strengthens the scientific studies about gene therapy, in addition, these studies can understand the genetic origins of many diseases, understand their biochemical basis and be defined accuracy from molecular biology.

“RESEARCHERS MAP SIGNIFICANT PORTION OF FUNCTIONAL SEQUENCES

OF MOUSE GENOME.”NEWS - MEDICALS

JULY 2, 2012

PERSONAL COMMENT

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“ACTIVATIN NOTCT AND AKT GENE MAY TRIGGER CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA.”

NEWS - MEDICALSJULY 17, 2012

Cholangiocarcinoma is a cancerous (malignant) in one of the ducts that carry bile from the liver to the small intestine, it was believed that it was from abnormalities in cells of the bile ducts, but in the study realized that appeared when a type of liver cells are transformed into an entirely different type.

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“ACTIVATIN NOTCT AND AKT GENE MAY TRIGGER CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA.”

NEWS - MEDICALSJULY 17, 2012

Scientists produced by damage to the hepatocytes to observe the process of formation of hepatocellular carcinoma, but found the formation of a cholangiocarcinoma. believed they had activated genes that reprogrammed cells aberrant hepatocytes in bile, able to form tumors, the main suspects were NOTCH and AKT.

Akt is a protein that can be regulated through the tumor suppressor PTEN, which functions essentially as the opposite of PI3K.

Notch is a transmembrane protein that serves as a receptor for extracellular signals and involved in several signaling pathways during development

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They used plasmids as delivery vehicles for increasing levels of NOTCH and AKT in the liver. Three weeks after injecting small growths observed targets in the liver surface of mice, and five weeks after tumors had spread through the liver. Hepatocytes tracked by a color and so showed that cancer cells form tumors in the bile duct had actually begun as hepatocytes.

“ACTIVATIN NOTCT AND AKT GENE MAY TRIGGER CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA.”

NEWS - MEDICALSJULY 17, 2012

PlasmidCholangiocarcin

ome

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“ACTIVATIN NOTCT AND AKT GENE MAY TRIGGER CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA.”

NEWS - MEDICALSJULY 17, 2012

Researchers long believed that ceululas only had an address of "maturation" of stem cells to differentiated adult cells. In this research, and in recent years have shown that by acitvacion of certain genes, the mature cells can go back and be stem cells, or even change to become another type of specialized cell.

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“ACTIVATIN NOTCT AND AKT GENE MAY TRIGGER CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA.”

NEWS - MEDICALSJULY 17, 2012

PERSONAL COMMENT

This research seems very important, as they are learning the molecular origin of cholangiocarcinoma and genes that lead to disease (Notch and AKT), which is knowing you can reach a cure can also be understood that the liver may not return only to become stem cells, but also can become another cell type, and this seems very important to study the pathophysiology of alterations in the liver and biliary tract.antibodies are being used to treat the disease and are being effective, "Preliminary results with therapeutic antibodies are very encouraging." If encontran the right formula, would be the respueta for a type of incurable cancer.

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MEDICAL UTILITY“RESEARCHERS MAP SIGNIFICANT PORTION OF

FUNCTIONAL SEQUENCES OF MOUSE GENOME.”

NEWS - MEDICALSJULY 2, 2012

Gene therapy is the introduction of exogenous genetic material to an affected cell to correct a disease, it adds a normal functional gene to replace the abnormal gene, gene therapy seeks a definitive cure of diseases associated with product failures of a gene due to abnormalities in DNA.

In order to perform gene therapy procedures have to know very well the biochemical and molecular principles of the disease and the affected cell population for this study using the human genome (a process used in research).

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The study of the genome has many benefits for medical help identify genes in DNA determines the nitrogenous bases that make up the DNA, genome research to help understand human molecules and genetic backgrounds, all seen from molecular biology.

MEDICAL UTILITY“RESEARCHERS MAP SIGNIFICANT PORTION OF

FUNCTIONAL SEQUENCES OF MOUSE GENOME.”

NEWS - MEDICALSJULY 2, 2012

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MEDICAL UTILITY“ACTIVATIN NOTCT AND AKT GENE MAY

TRIGGER CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA.”NEWS - MEDICALS

JULY 17, 2012This research has great medical utility as the ease with which a cell can be converted into another, explains the efficiency and speed of many types of cancer.

This study also helps explain another puzzle physician, that the incidence of bile duct cancer is higher in people with hepatitis, since hepatitis was believed that he had no action on the biliary cells.

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MEDICAL UTILITY“ACTIVATIN NOTCT AND AKT GENE MAY

TRIGGER CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA.”NEWS - MEDICALS

JULY 17, 2012

Having shown that Notch and AKT are genes that trigger the cancer process, the research team are looking for therapies for the disease, testing for antibodies that may reduce the activity of genes and halt or reverse the growth of biliary tract cancers .

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BIBLIOGRAPY

Martinez S, Lina Maria. Biología Molecular. 5 ed Medellín: UPB. Fac Medicina.

Researchers map significant portion of functional sequences of mouse genome. News-medicals, july 2, 2012

Activating NOTCH and AKT gene may trigger cholangiocarcinoma. News-medicals, july 17, 2012

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THANKS