Research ProjectResearch Project

Documentation and CitationDocumentation and Citation

DocumentationDocumentation

Documenting sources in the text of Documenting sources in the text of your essay is designed to alert the your essay is designed to alert the reader which of the ideas mentioned reader which of the ideas mentioned are borrowed; in other words, they are are borrowed; in other words, they are someone else’s ideas. You must give someone else’s ideas. You must give the outside sources credit for their the outside sources credit for their ideas while writing your essay. If you ideas while writing your essay. If you fail to acknowledge borrowed material, fail to acknowledge borrowed material, you have committed plagiarism. you have committed plagiarism.

Internal Parenthetical Internal Parenthetical DocumentationDocumentation

We will be using the standard MLA format: We will be using the standard MLA format: Internal parenthetical documentation.Internal parenthetical documentation.

This is done like this:This is done like this: According to a leading expert, “Most boxers will According to a leading expert, “Most boxers will

suffer some sort of brain trauma in their lifetimes” suffer some sort of brain trauma in their lifetimes” (Jones 117).(Jones 117).

OR: According to brain surgeon Mark Jones, “Most OR: According to brain surgeon Mark Jones, “Most boxers will suffer some sort of brain trauma in boxers will suffer some sort of brain trauma in their lifetimes” (117).their lifetimes” (117).

Note: if you use the name of the author in the text, Note: if you use the name of the author in the text, there is no need to include it in the parenthesis.there is no need to include it in the parenthesis.

No Author...no problemNo Author...no problem If there is no author given for your source, you use If there is no author given for your source, you use

the title of the source to document the information:the title of the source to document the information: During most major boxing matches, the violent crime During most major boxing matches, the violent crime

numbers increase by a staggering 28% (“The Truth numbers increase by a staggering 28% (“The Truth Behind Boxing”).Behind Boxing”).

This example shows there is no author for the article “The This example shows there is no author for the article “The Truth Behind Boxing.” Notice the title uses quotation marks Truth Behind Boxing.” Notice the title uses quotation marks inside the parenthesis.inside the parenthesis.

Likewise, if there is no author or title, you Likewise, if there is no author or title, you document using the name of the source.document using the name of the source. Too many boxers will end up with little education and no Too many boxers will end up with little education and no

money and will ultimately be sentenced to a life of poverty money and will ultimately be sentenced to a life of poverty and physical pain (and physical pain (boxingban.orgboxingban.org).).

Notice here the source is underlined, which identifies it as a Notice here the source is underlined, which identifies it as a source.source.

Put your research in your Put your research in your essay by….essay by….

Using direct quotations:Using direct quotations: ““Many of the people who attend boxing matches are Many of the people who attend boxing matches are

subconsciously expressing a deep need to experience subconsciously expressing a deep need to experience violence” (Matthews).violence” (Matthews).

Summarize the concept using a few key words:Summarize the concept using a few key words: Many viewers do not even know they are expressing a deep Many viewers do not even know they are expressing a deep

need to experience the violence that boxing will often exhibit need to experience the violence that boxing will often exhibit (Matthews).(Matthews).

Paraphrase the concept using many of the same Paraphrase the concept using many of the same words and expanding the idea:words and expanding the idea: Many boxing fans attend boxing matches and are Many boxing fans attend boxing matches and are

subconsciously expressing their deep need to experience the subconsciously expressing their deep need to experience the brutality and violence that most boxing matches will brutality and violence that most boxing matches will undoubtedly give them. This violent nature is one of the most undoubtedly give them. This violent nature is one of the most common traits exhibited by many people who are involved in common traits exhibited by many people who are involved in the world of boxing (Matthews).the world of boxing (Matthews).

Setting up the MLA List of Setting up the MLA List of Works CitedWorks Cited

List only the sources you use in your paper.List only the sources you use in your paper. Alphabetize using author’s last name. If no Alphabetize using author’s last name. If no

author is given, alphabetize by title then author is given, alphabetize by title then source.source.

Double space entire page.Double space entire page. Use a hanging indent. Indent all lines of the Use a hanging indent. Indent all lines of the

entry except the first line.entry except the first line. Do not number the entries.Do not number the entries. Underline or italicize names of sources (Underline or italicize names of sources (Los Los

Angeles TimesAngeles Times) and use quotations marks for ) and use quotations marks for the titles of articles, “The Boxing Dilemma”. the titles of articles, “The Boxing Dilemma”. This is the rule for using these things in the This is the rule for using these things in the text of the paper as well.text of the paper as well.

Citing a bookCiting a book Last name, first name. Title of book. Edition if Last name, first name. Title of book. Edition if

given. Publishing city, state. Publishing group, given. Publishing city, state. Publishing group, year.year. King, David. King, David. Extensive Head Injuries inExtensive Head Injuries in SportsSports. New . New

York. York. Divine Press, 2003. Divine Press, 2003. Documentation: (King 235).Documentation: (King 235).

One commonly used book is called an One commonly used book is called an anthology. This is a collection of essays or anthology. This is a collection of essays or articles by numerous authors complied by an articles by numerous authors complied by an editor.editor. Lineman, Jane. “The Biggest Lie.” Lineman, Jane. “The Biggest Lie.” Sports MythsSports Myths. Ed. . Ed.

Jackson Jackson Browne. Boston. Atlantic Press, Browne. Boston. Atlantic Press, 2005. 112-135.2005. 112-135.

Documentation: (Lineman 125).Documentation: (Lineman 125).

Basic Article CitationBasic Article Citationjournals, newspapers, journals, newspapers,

magazinesmagazines Author. “Article Title.” Author. “Article Title.” Name of JournalName of Journal. .

volume. issue number (year): volume. issue number (year): pages. pages.

The following is a typical magazine The following is a typical magazine citation:citation:

Jones, Steven. “The Fight to Ban Jones, Steven. “The Fight to Ban Boxing.” Boxing.” TimeTime. 25 May 2007: 31-39.. 25 May 2007: 31-39.

In the text, the documentation would look like In the text, the documentation would look like this:this:

(Jones 32).(Jones 32).

Basic electronic source: Basic electronic source: web sites, online web sites, online

subscriptions, online subscriptions, online articlesarticles

Author. “Article Title.” Author. “Article Title.” SourceSource. Editor/complier if given. . Editor/complier if given. Date Date published. Publisher/sponsor if given. published. Publisher/sponsor if given. DatabaseDatabase. . Subscriber if Subscriber if subscription service. Date subscription service. Date of access <web of access <web

address>.address>.

Brown, Anne. “Several More Boxing Deaths Brown, Anne. “Several More Boxing Deaths The The Sporting NewsSporting News. 25 Sept. . 25 Sept. 2008. The S 2008. The Sporting porting News OnlineNews Online. 3 March 2009. . 3 March 2009. <http:sportnewsboxingarticles%^(*:&$)>.<http:sportnewsboxingarticles%^(*:&$)>.

Typical Web page- no Typical Web page- no authorauthor

““Why Violent Sports are a Danger to Why Violent Sports are a Danger to Society.” Society.” Violent World. Violent World.

comcom 4 Jan. 2007. 22 Feb. 4 Jan. 2007. 22 Feb. 2009. 2009. <http: webadressgoeshere.com><http: webadressgoeshere.com>

The documentation for this source would The documentation for this source would look like this in the text:look like this in the text:

(“Why Violent Sports are a Danger to Society”)(“Why Violent Sports are a Danger to Society”) Or you can use a smaller version of the titleOr you can use a smaller version of the title

(“Why Violent Sports”)(“Why Violent Sports”)

Remember…Remember… For every source you list on the works cited For every source you list on the works cited

page, that source must be used at least once in page, that source must be used at least once in the essay. Likewise, if you document a source the essay. Likewise, if you document a source within the text, the bibliographic information within the text, the bibliographic information for that source (author’s name, title, source, for that source (author’s name, title, source, etc.) must be listed on the Works Cited page.etc.) must be listed on the Works Cited page. For example: In a recent article, a leading brain For example: In a recent article, a leading brain

specialist says that boxers are six times more likely specialist says that boxers are six times more likely to develop some form mental disability than athletes to develop some form mental disability than athletes in other sports (Keys).in other sports (Keys).

Keys, William. “The Boxing Debate.” Keys, William. “The Boxing Debate.” SportsnewsDailySportsnewsDaily. 12 Feb. . 12 Feb. 2006. 2 March 2009. <http:sportsd756*&^mnv2431>.2006. 2 March 2009. <http:sportsd756*&^mnv2431>.