research process copy

01/05/2023 Dr.T.,V.Rao MD@ Azeezia Medical college 1

RESEARCH PROCESS

Dr.T.V.Rao MD


What is Research •Research comprises "creative work undertaken on a systematic basis in order to increase the stock of knowledge,•Medicine is a wider field for exploration


Questions are Many Answers are Few

•When starting your research you may or may not have a clear question but by starting with an idea and formulating this idea into a question you will be able to review the literature already written on this topic which will likely help you to refine and narrow your questions


What is the research process?• It is the systematic manner in which a researcher approaches their area

of study to produce knowledge which the community will consider to be worthwhile within the field. • There are four principles stages in the research process that we will

cover here: • Inquiry • Collection • Organisation • Presentation


•Series of various actions, which are necessary to effective research work.• Research process consist of a number of closely related activities.•Various steps involved in a research process are not mutually exclusive; nor they are separate & distinct.

What is research process……???


SelectIssue

ReviewTopic

DevelopHypothesis Research Design

Measurement

Data Analyses Write ReportAction Plans

EthicsResearch Process


Academic Integrity•Academic Integrity means

honesty and responsibility in scholarship.. Intellectual contributions from others must be consistently and responsibly acknowledged. Academic work completed in any other way is fraudulent


The scientific research process is a multiple-step process

where the steps are interlinked with the other

steps in the process


7 STEPS OF RESEARCH PROCESS

• Step One: Define research problem• Step Two: Review of literature • Step Three: Formulate hypotheses• Step Four: Preparing the research design• Step Five: Data collection• Step Six: Data analysis• Step Seven: Interpretation and report writing


Step One: Define Research Problem

There are two types of research problem, viz., those• relate to states of nature • relationship between variables. Essentially two steps are involved in define research

problem, viz., •understanding the problem thoroughly and rephrasing the

same into meaningful terms from an point of view.


We have a problem Identify the Problem•The first step in the process is to identify a problem or develop a research question. The research problem may be something the agency identifies as a problem, some knowledge or information that is needed by the agency, or the desire to identify a recreation trend nationally


Step Two: Review of Literature• Once the problem is define, a

brief summary of it should be written down. It is compulsory for a research worker writing a thesis for a Ph.D. degree to write a synopsis of topic and submit it to necessary committee or the research board for approval.


Review the Literature•Now that the problem

has been identified, the researcher must learn more about the topic under investigation. To do this, the researcher must review the literature related to the research problem.


Review of Literature Helps to Move from Past to Future

• The review of literature also educates the researcher about what studies have been conducted in the past, how these studies were conducted, and the conclusions in the problem area.


Step Three: Formulate Hypothesis

• Formulate hypothesis is tentative assumption made in order to draw out and test its logical or empirical consequences. Hypothesis should be very specific and limited to the piece of research in hand because it has to be tested.


What is Hypothesis •HYPOTHESIS - a contention based on preliminary evidence of what appears to be fact (an educated guess), which may or may not be true.


Hypothesis should keep you on Right Tract

•The role of the hypothesis is to guide the researcher by delimiting the area of research and to keep him on the right track.


Searching for sources• Identify important concepts in your topic.••Once you have articulated your topic, try to pick out important concepts or keywords which you can use when you search for articles.• Identify the subject area•Consider how recent or historical your search is.•Do not take outdated topics


Searching Literature enlightens on the Matters

of Interest • The information discovered during this step helps the programmer fully understand the magnitude of the problem, recognize the future consequences of obesity, and identify a strategy to combat obesity (i.e., walking).


Step Four: Preparing the Research Design

• The function of research design is to provide for the collection of relevant evidence with minimal expenditure of effort, time and money. •Research purpose may be grouped into four categories, viz., Exploration, Description, Diagnosis, Experimentation.


Step Five: Data Collection• Primary data can be collected through:

By Observation Through personal interview Through telephone interview By mailing of questionnaries Through Schedules


Collect Data• Once the instrumentation

plan is completed, the actual study begins with the collection of data. The collection of data is a critical step in providing the information needed to answer the research question.


Step Six: Data AnalysisThe analysis of data requires a number of closely related operations

such as establishment of categories.This stage mainly include :

1.Coding2.Editing3.Tabulation


Analyse the Data•All the time, effort, and

resources dedicated to steps 1 through 7 of the research process culminate in this final step. The researcher finally has data to analyse so that the research question can be answered. In the instrumentation plan


Evaluate your results•Look at the number of article citations you were able to retrieve. If you retrieved more articles than you expected and they don't seem to be relevant to your topic, you may need to add another concept or keyword to your search statement in order to narrow your search.


Step Seven: Interpretation and Report

WritingResearcher has to prepare the report of what has been done by him.Writing of report includes:

1.the preliminary pages;2.the main text, and 3. End matter. Finally it

is in Black and White


CITE WHAT YOU FIND USING A STANDARD FORMAT

•Give credit where credit is due; cite your sources. •Citing or documenting the sources used in your research serves two purposes, it gives proper credit to the authors of the materials used, and it allows those who are reading your work to duplicate your research and locate the sources that you have listed as references.


References • Basic Social Work Research library University of Michigan USA• Steps of the research process Applied Research and Evaluation

Methods in Recreation By Diane C. Blankenship :Human Kinetics• The Research Process University Library University of Illinois

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