Research MethodsPsych 402

LECTURE 14 – APA Format

VHS Mind #3 – Nocebo or VH514 E2 (#11 Causation - smoking)

Journal Papers Assignment“Research chain”

Print out (no PDF, no electronic) copy of 3 journal articles. Topic is EEG or fMRI for psychiatric conditions

depression, bipolar, anxiety, OCD, PTSD,schizophrenia, autism, personality disorders

1 point per paper, 1 point for citing one of the papers in another5 point maximum

I need a cover sheet where you provide the 3 citations, and also inform me which citation contains link to other papersHighlight (yellow marker or underline) those citations in the reference section of the paper

Your nameResearch: EEG and depression

• Tops M, Wijers AA, van Staveren AS, Bruin KJ, Den Boer JA, Meijman TF, & Korf J. (2005). Acute cortisol administration modulates EEG alpha asymmetry in volunteers: relevance to depression. Biological Psychology, 69, 181-93.

• Bruder GE, Tenke CE, Warner V, & Weissman MM. (2003). Electroencephalographic measures of regional hemispheric activity in offspring at risk for depressive disorders. Biological Psychiatry., 57, 328-35.

• Itil TM, Polvan N, & Hsu W. (1998). Clinical and EEG effects of GB-94, a "tetracyclic" antidepressant (EEG model in discovery of a new psychotropic drug). American Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology, 14, 399-413.

• Itil et al (1998) and Bruder et al (2003) are both cited in Tops et al (2005)

APA Format

-- Title Page-- Abstract (new page)

-- Introduction (new page - repeat title - no heading)

-- Method (Participants, Materials, Procedure)

-- Results-- Discussion-- References (new page)

-- Tables (each on a new page)

-- Figure Caption (new page)

-- Figure (each on a new page, no running head or page#)

Title page 1”+ margins (bottom too)

page header (1st 2 or 3 words)

page #

Prosocial Behavior 1

Running head: ADOLESCENT BEHAVIOR

running head Prosocial Behavior in Adolescents is Related to

Characteristics of Both the Situation

and the Individual

title Jane Doe author

Rochester Institute of Technology affiliation

1st page of main text 1”+ margins (bottom too)

page header

page #

Prosocial Behavior 3

title Prosocial Behavior in Adolescents is Related to

Characteristics of Both the Situation

and the Individual

The extent of prosocial behavior that adolescents double

exhibit to peers has been shown to be related to their spacing

gender (Banyon, Hector, & Slachter, 1993), as well as to all

their age (Harrelson, 1992). In addition, it has been … lines

APA Format

-- Title Page-- Abstract (new page)

-- Introduction (new page - repeat title - no heading)

-- Method (Participants, Materials, Procedure)

-- Results-- Discussion-- References (new page)

-- Tables (each on a new page)

-- Figure Caption (new page)

-- Figure (each on a new page, no running head or page#)

Method Section 1”+ margins (bottom too) all double-spaced

Sub-headings page header in italics page #

Prosocial Behavior 5

to examine this hypothesis in greater detail.

Method centered

Participants

Two hundred participants recruited from under-

graduate psychology courses completed the question-…

Materials

The Personal and Situational Prosocial Behavior

Questionnaire was used to ….

Procedure

After completion of the informed consent form

each participant completed the ...

APA Format

-- Title Page-- Abstract (new page)

-- Introduction (new page - repeat title - no heading)

-- Method (Participants, Materials, Procedure)

-- Results-- Discussion-- References (new page)

-- Tables (each on a new page)

-- Figure Caption (new page)

-- Figure (each on a new page, no running head or page#)

Results 1”+ margins (bottom too) all double-spaced

page header page#

Prosocial Behavior 7

after which the participants were excused.

Results

The age, gender and ethnic background of this

sample is summarized in Table 1. There was a positive

relationship between scores on the Personal subscale

of the PSPB and the number of prosocial behaviors

centered reported by participants, r(298) = .43, p = .001. There

was no positive correlation between Situational

subscale and prosocial behavior, r(298) = .09, p = .43.

As shown in Figure 1, more prosocial behaviors

were reported in the “friendly” than in the “unfriendly”

situation, F(1,298) = 4.32, p = .003 ...

Statistical symbols in italics - r, X2, F, MSE, p

APA Format

-- Title Page-- Abstract (new page)

-- Introduction (new page - repeat title - no heading)

-- Method (Participants, Materials, Procedure)

-- Results-- Discussion-- References (new page)

-- Tables (each on a new page)

-- Figure Caption (new page)

-- Figure (each on a new page, no running head or page#)

Discussion 1”+ margins (bottom too) all double-spaced

page header page#

Prosocial Behavior 8

hypothesized, there was a relationship between gen-

der and preferred type of helping situation, X²(1) =

4.45, p = .023. Table 2 shows that, as expected, fe-

males preferred situations involving people they know,

centered however, contrary to the hypothesis, males had no

preference between the two situations.

Discussion

The results generally supported the hypotheses

derived from consideration of both personal and sit-

uational attributes when predicting prosocial behavior.

While there was no correlation between the Situation ...

Statistical symbols in italics

APA Format

-- Title Page-- Abstract (new page)

-- Introduction (new page - repeat title - no heading)

-- Method (Participants, Materials, Procedure)

-- Results-- Discussion-- References (new page)

-- Tables (each on a new page)

-- Figure Caption (new page)

-- Figure (each on a new page, no running head or page#)

Citing

• Do not quote from scientific papers; instead, paraphrase and summarize

• Citing work in text:– Kaiser and Jobs (2004) found….– ..showed no differences (Kaiser & Jobs, 2004)

reference page 1” + margins (bottom too)page header

page #

Prosocial Behavior 11

References

Banyon,I. P., Hector, L., & Slachter, R. V. (1993). On correlates of

italics adolescent prosocial behavior. Personality and Social Psychology,

43, 212-219.

Harrelson, G. L. (1992). Age differences in adolescent prosocial behavior.

Adolescent Bulletin, 2, 112-129.

Reference includes: Author (in order with initials), data, title of article, title of publication (italics), volume number (for journals -- italics), page numbers.

First line of reference is flush with the left margin, all subsequent lines are indented 4 spaces -- everything is double-spaced.

Table 1”+ margins (bottom too) all double-spaced

page header page#

Prosocial Behavior 12

Table 1

italics Summary of Age, Gender and Ethnic Background

__________________________________________

Variable Univariate Summary

__________________________________________

Age M = 20.23 S = 2.15

Gender male 120 (40%)

female 180 (60%)

Ethnic African-American 90 (20%)

Asian-American 90 (20%)

European-American 180 (40%)

Hispanic-American 90 (20%)

__________________________________________

Statistical symbols in italics - M, S

Table 1”+ margins (bottom too) all double-spaced

page header page#

Prosocial Behavior 13

Table 2

italics Relationship of Gender and Preferred Situation

__________________________________________

Situation

Gender Known Persons Strangers

___________________________________________

Female 160 20

Male 55 65

___________________________________________

Figure 1”+ margins (bottom too) all double-spaced

Caption page header page#

Prosocial Behavior 14

centered Figure Caption

Figure 1. Mean number of prosocial behaviors for

each type of situation.

Figure 2. Mean number of prosocial behaviors as a

function of gender.

italics

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Familiar Unfamiliar

Mea

n N

umbe

r of

Pro

soci

al A

cts

Backside of figure

TOP

Figure #

Running Head

Abstract 1”+ margins (bottom too) all double-spaced

page header Do not page # indent

Prosocial Behavior 2

Abstract

Relationships between characteristics of the individual,

the situation, and prosocial behavior were investigated.

The Personal and Social Prosocial Behavior Question-

naire was completed by 300 undergraduates. Results

replicated the common finding that personal attributes

are related to the likelihood of performing certain

prosocial behaviors, p<.05. In addition, it was found ...

APA Abbreviations

• Hour = hr• Minute = min• Second = s• Millisecond = ms• Inch = in.• Mile = mi• Meter = m• Centimeter = cm

• e.g. = for example• i.e. = that is• et al. = and others• cf. = compare

Numbers v Numerals• Use numerals in the following cases

1. all numbers 10 or above (13 responses, 108 examples)All numbers below 10 grouped for comparison with numbers 10 and above4 out of 10 dentists BUT four out of five dentists

2. Numbers immediately preceding a unit of measurement3. Statistical or mathematical functions, decimals, percentages, ratios

multiplied by 6, a ratio of 16:1,4. Time, dates, ages, sample size, specific number of subjects, scores and points on a scale,

exact sums of money 2 weeks ago, 1 hr 34 min, 12:30 a.m, 9-year olds, 4-point scales, 2 participants, etc.

5. Numbered series, parts of books or tables, or in list of four or more numbersTrial 3 , Table 4; 1, 3, 4 and 7 words, respectively

6. All numbers in the Abstract

Write out all other cases (three responses, eight examples ) and override use of numeral rules (above) when:1. The number starts sentence (Thirty subjects were…) 2. Common fractions (one-half, two-thirds)3. Universally accepted usage (Ten Commandments)4. Extremely large values, mix numeral and words (2 million)

Example published paper

• Different to manuscript on some format issues, but not content issues